April Fools' Day

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April Fools' Day
Aprilsnar 2001.png
An April Fools' Day prank marking the construction of the Copenhagen Metro in 2001
Also calledApril Fool's Day
TypeCultural, Western
Significance Practical jokes, pranks
ObservancesComedy
Date 1 April
Next time1 April 2026 (2026-04-01)
FrequencyAnnual
An 1857 ticket to "Washing the Lions" at the Tower of London. No such event ever took place. Washing of the Lions.jpg
An 1857 ticket to "Washing the Lions" at the Tower of London. No such event ever took place.

April Fools' Day or April Fool's Day (sometimes called All Fools' Day [1] ) is an annual custom on 1 April consisting of practical jokes and hoaxes. Jokesters often expose their actions by shouting "April Fool[s]!" at the recipient. Mass media can be involved with these pranks, which may be revealed as such the following day. The custom of setting aside a day for playing harmless pranks upon one's neighbour has been relatively common in the world historically. [2]

Contents

Origins

Although many theories have been proposed, the origin of April Fools' Day is not exactly known.

A disputed association between 1 April and foolishness is in Geoffrey Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales (1392). [3] In the "Nun's Priest's Tale", a vain cock, Chauntecleer, is tricked by a fox "Since March began, full thirty days and two," [4] [5] i.e. the 32nd day from 1 March, which is 1 April. [6] However, it is not clear that Chaucer was referencing 1 April since the text of the "Nun's Priest's Tale" also states that the story takes place on the day when the sun is "in the sign of Taurus had y-rune Twenty degrees and one," which would not be 1 April. Modern scholars believe that there is a copying error in the extant manuscripts and that Chaucer actually wrote, "Syn March was gon". [7] If so, the passage would have originally meant 32 days after March ended, i.e. 2 May. [8]

In 1508, French poet Eloy d'Amerval referred to a poisson d'avril (April fool, literally "April's fish"), possibly the first reference to the celebration in France. [9] Some historians suggest that April Fools' originated because, in the Middle Ages, New Year's Day was celebrated on 25 March in most European towns, [10] with a holiday that in some areas of France, specifically, ended on 1 April, [11] [12] and those who celebrated New Year's Day on 1 January made fun of those who celebrated on other dates by the invention of April Fools' Day. [13] The use of 1 January as New Year's Day became common in France only in the mid-16th century, [8] and that date was not adopted officially until 1564, by the Edict of Roussillon, as called for during the Council of Trent in 1563. [14] However, there are issues with this theory because there is an unambiguous reference to April Fools' Day in a 1561 poem by Flemish poet Eduard de Dene of a nobleman who sent his servant on foolish errands on 1 April, predating the change. [8] April Fools' Day was also an established tradition in Great Britain before 1 January was established as the start of the calendar year. [15] [16]

In 1686, John Aubrey referred to the celebration as "Fooles holy day", the first British reference. On 1 April 1698, several people were tricked into going to the Tower of London to "see the Lions washed". [8]

Although no biblical scholar or historian is known to have mentioned a relationship, some have expressed the belief that the origins of April Fools' Day may go back to the Genesis flood narrative. In The Complete Compendium of Universal Knowledge of 1895, writer William Ralston Balch wrote:

All Fools' Day is traced through every country of Europe to the Hindoos. The "Public Advertiser" for 13 April 1789, contains the following paragraph:

"Humorous Jewish Origin of the Custom of Making Fools on the First of April.—This is said to have begun from the mistake of Noah in sending the Dove out of the Ark before the water had abated, on the first day of the month among the Hebrews, which answers to the 1st of April; and to perpetuate the memory of this deliverance it was thought proper, who ever forgot so remarkable a circumstance, to punish them by sending them upon some sleeveless errand similar to that ineffectual message upon which the bird was sent by the Patriarch. The custom appears to be of great antiquity, and to have been derived by the Romans from some of the Eastern nations."
— William Ralston Balch (1895) [17]

The Hebrew calendar is lunisolar, and so no specific day always correlates with 1 April in the Julian or Gregorian calendars.

Long-standing customs

Source: [18]

Armenia

In Armenian culture, an April Fool prank is revealed by saying ապրիլ մեկ! (april mek) which means 1 April.

Germany

In Germany, an April Fool prank is sometimes later revealed by shouting "April, April!" at the recipient, who becomes the "April fool".[ citation needed ]

Iran

it's only a historical misattribution of «April Fools» by the public, to Iranian ancient traditions; specifically on «Farvardin 13th» on Persian Calendar (usually equivalent of 1 April).

it is called "Dorugh-e Sizdah" (lie of Thirteen). (e. [ citation needed ]

It appears, that this term was imported from the «April Fools» from western cultures into the Iranian modern society; and mistakenly attributed to their ancient national traditions, due to a date proximity between «April Fools» and «Farvardin 13th» (also known as «Sizdah Be-dar», which plays a major role in Iranian new year holidays and is of vital cultural importance to them).

The ancient Persians perceived the act of "lie" as a mortal sin, and lying was considered a capital crime; [19] [20] as truthfulness was highly valued in their society, following the directives of Zoroastrianism on this matter. [21] [22] 

"The most disgraceful thing in the world, they think, is to tell a lie; the next worst, to owe a debt: because, among other reasons, the debtor is obliged to tell lies." [23] -Herodotus

The Persians believed that deceit could lead to rebellion and chaos, making honesty a fundamental principle in their culture. Herodotus highlights that Persians considered lying "the most disgraceful thing in the world", implying that the Greeks, by comparison, were more prone to dishonesty. [24]

Ireland

In Ireland, it was traditional to entrust the victim with an "important letter" to be given to a named person. That person would read the letter, then ask the victim to take it to someone else, and so on. The letter when opened contained the words "send the fool further". [25]

Italy, France, Belgium, and French-speaking areas

In Italy, France, Belgium and French-speaking areas of Switzerland and Canada, the 1 April tradition is often known as "April fish" (poisson d'avril in French, aprilvis in Dutch or pesce d'aprile in Italian). Possible pranks include attempting to attach a paper fish to the victim's back without being noticed. This fish feature is prominently present on many late 19th- to early 20th-century French April Fools' Day postcards. Many newspapers also spread a false story on April Fish Day, and a subtle reference to a fish is sometimes given as a clue to the fact that it is an April Fools' prank.[ citation needed ] Boulangeries, pâtisseries and chocolatiers in France sell chocolate fishes in their shop windows on the day. [26]

Lebanon

In Lebanon, an April Fool prank is revealed by saying كذبة أول نيسان (which translates to "First of April Lie") to the recipient.

Nordic countries

Danes, Finns, Icelanders, Norwegians and Swedes celebrate April Fools' Day (aprilsnar in Danish; aprillipäivä in Finnish; aprilsnarr in Norwegian; aprilskämt in Swedish). Most news media outlets will publish exactly one false story on 1 April; for newspapers this will typically be a first-page article but not the top headline. In Sweden, April Fools' jokes are revealed with the phrase, "April, April, din dumma sill, jag kan lura dig vart jag vill!" This can be translated to, "April, April, you silly fool, I can trick you wherever I want!" They can also be revealed with the phrase 'Maj maj måne, jag kan lura dig till Skåne!' (May, may moon, I can trick you into Scania!). The tradition of April Fools' Day dates back to the 17th century. There were also April Fools' letters, with one of the earliest known examples dating back to 1742. This letter discussed an earlier church service. [27] [28] [29]

Poland (Prima aprilis)

In Poland, prima Aprilis ("First April" in Latin) as a day of pranks is a centuries-long tradition. It is a day when many pranks are played: sometimes very sophisticated hoaxes are prepared by people, media (which often cooperate to make the "information" more credible), and even public institutions. Serious activities are usually avoided[ citation needed ]; every word said on 1 April could be untrue. The conviction for this is so strong that the Polish anti-Turkish alliance with Leopold I, signed on 1 April 1683, was backdated to 31 March. [30] However, for some in Poland prima April ends at noon of 1 April and prima April jokes after that hour are considered inappropriate and not classy.[ citation needed ]

Spanish-speaking countries

In many Spanish-speaking countries (and the Philippines), "Día de los Santos Inocentes" (Holy Innocents Day) is a festivity that is very similar to April Fools' Day, but is celebrated in late December (27, 28 or 29 December depending on the location).[ citation needed ] Despite this, in Galicia April Fools' Day is also traditional, as accounted by Ramón Otero Pedrayo, as "Día dos enganos", and the tradition is embedded in a traditional saying about this day being the day when donkeys go where they must not go. [31]

Turkey

Turkey also has a custom of April Fools' pranks. [32] Pranks and jokes are usually verbal and are revealed by shouting "Bir Nisan! / Nisan Bir!" (1 April!).

Ukraine

April Fools' Day is widely celebrated in Odesa and has the special local name Humorina (in Ukrainian Гуморина, Humorina). This holiday arose in 1973. [33] An April Fool prank is revealed by saying "Перше квітня — брехня всесвітня" ("Pershe kvitnya — brekhnya vsesvitnya", translating as "First of April — worldwide lies") to the recipient. The festival includes a large parade in the city centre, free concerts, street fairs and performances. Festival participants dress up in a variety of costumes and walk around the city fooling around and pranking passersby. One of the traditions on April Fools' Day is to dress up the main city monument in funny clothes. Humorina even has its own logo—a cheerful sailor in a lifebelt—whose author was the artist Arkady Tsykun. [34] During the festival, special souvenirs bearing the logo are printed and sold. Since 2010, April Fools' Day celebrations include an International Clown Festival, and both celebrated as one. In 2019, the festival was dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the Odesa Film Studio and all events were held with an emphasis on cinema. [35]

United Kingdom

On April Fools' Day 1980, the BBC announced Big Ben's clock face was going digital and whoever got in touch first could win the clock hands. Big ben closeup.jpg
On April Fools' Day 1980, the BBC announced Big Ben's clock face was going digital and whoever got in touch first could win the clock hands.

In the UK, an April Fool prank is sometimes later revealed by shouting "April fool!" at the recipient, who becomes the "April fool". A study in the 1950s, by folklorists Iona and Peter Opie, found that in the UK, and in countries whose traditions derived from the UK, this continues to be the practice, with the custom ceasing at noon, after which time it is no longer acceptable to play pranks. [36] Thus a person playing a prank after midday is considered the "April fool" themselves. [37]

In Scotland, April Fools' Day was originally called "Huntigowk Day". [38] The name is a corruption of "hunt the gowk", gowk being Scots for a cuckoo or a foolish person; alternative terms in Gaelic would be Là na Gocaireachd, "gowking day", or Là Ruith na Cuthaige, "the day of running the cuckoo". The traditional prank is to ask someone to deliver a sealed message that supposedly requests help of some sort. In fact, the message reads "Dinna laugh, dinna smile. Hunt the gowk another mile." The recipient, upon reading it, will explain they can only help if they first contact another person, and they send the victim to this next person with an identical message, with the same result. [38]

In England a "fool" is known by a few different names around the country, including "noodle", "gob", "gobby", or "noddy".

Pranks

One common prank is to carefully remove the cream from an Oreo, then replacing it with white toothpaste, and there are many similar pranks that replace an object (usually food) with another object that looks like the object but tastes different such as replacing sugar with salt or vanilla frosting with sour cream. As well as people playing pranks on one another on April Fools' Day, elaborate pranks have appeared on radio and television stations, newspapers, and websites, and have been performed by large corporations. In one famous prank in 1957, the BBC broadcast a film in their Panorama current affairs series purporting to show Swiss farmers picking freshly-grown spaghetti, in what they called the Swiss spaghetti harvest. The BBC was soon flooded with requests to purchase a spaghetti plant, forcing them to declare the film a hoax on the news the next day. [39]

With the advent of the Internet and readily available global news services, April Fools' pranks can catch and embarrass a wider audience than ever before. [40]

Comparable prank days

28 December

28 December, the equivalent day in Spain [41] and Hispanic America, [42] [43] is also the Christian day of celebration of the Day of the Holy Innocents. The Christian celebration is a religious holiday in its own right, but the tradition of pranks is not, though the latter is observed yearly. In some regions of Hispanic America, after a prank is played, the cry is made, "Inocente palomita que te dejaste engañar" ("You innocent little dove that let yourself be fooled!"; not to be confused with another meaning of palomita, which means "popcorn" in some dialects). [44]

In Argentina, the prankster says, "¡Que la inocencia te valga!" which roughly translates as advice to not be as gullible as the victim of the prank. In Spain, it is common to say just "¡Inocente!" (which in Spanish can mean "innocent" or "gullible"). [45]

In Colombia, the term is used as "Pásala por Inocentes", which roughly means: "Let it go; today it's Innocent's Day." [46]

In Belgium, this day is also known as the "Day of the Innocent Children" or "Day of the Stupid Children". It used to be a day where parents, grandparents, and teachers would fool the children in some way. But the celebration of this day has died out in favour of April Fools' Day. [47]

Nevertheless, on the Spanish island of Menorca, Dia d'enganyar ("Fooling day") is celebrated on 1 April because Menorca was a British possession during part of the 18th century. In Brazil, the "Dia da mentira" ("Day of the lie") is also celebrated on 1 April [45] due to the Portuguese influence.

First day of a new month

In many English-speaking countries, mainly Britain, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa, it is a custom to say "pinch and a punch for the first of the month" or an alternative, typically by children. The victim might respond with "a flick and a kick for being so quick", and the attacker might reply with "a punch in the eye for being so sly". [48]

Another custom in Britain and North America is to say "rabbit rabbit" upon waking on the first day of a month, for good luck. [49]

Similar events include Poisson d'avril (France) and in the US the International day of the joke event which is assigned the first Sunday in May. [50]

Reception

The practice of April Fool pranks and hoaxes is controversial. [51] The mixed opinions of critics are epitomised in the reception to the 1957 BBC "spaghetti-tree hoax", in reference to which newspapers were split over whether it was "a great joke or a terrible hoax on the public". [52]

April Fools' can be good for one's health because it encourages "jokes, hoaxes ... pranks, [and] belly laughs", and brings all the benefits of laughter. [53] Many "best of" April Fools' Day lists showcase the best examples of how the day is celebrated. [54] Various April Fools' campaigns have been praised for their innovation, creativity, writing, and general effort. [55]

Negative views describe April Fools' hoaxes as "creepy and manipulative", "rude" and "a little bit nasty", as well as based on Schadenfreude and deceit. [51] When genuine news or a genuinely important order or warning is issued on April Fools' Day, there is risk that it will be misinterpreted as a joke and ignored – for example, when Google, known to play elaborate April Fools' Day hoaxes, announced the launch of Gmail with 1-gigabyte inboxes in 2004, an era when competing webmail services offered 4-megabytes or less, many dismissed it as a joke outright. [56] [57] On the other hand, sometimes stories intended as jokes are taken seriously.

Either way, there can be adverse effects, such as confusion, [58] misinformation, waste of resources (especially when the hoax concerns people in danger) and even legal or commercial consequences. [59] [60]

In March 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, various organizations and people warned not to observe April Fools' Day, as a mark of respect due to the large amount of tragic deaths that COVID-19 had caused up to that point, the wish to provide truthful information to counter any misinformation about the virus, and to pre-empt any attempts to incorporate the virus into potential pranks. [61] For example, Google decided not to do its traditional April Fools' jokes that year. [62] Because the pandemic was still ongoing a year later in 2021, Google also decided not to do pranks that year. [63]

In Thailand, the police warned ahead of April Fools' in 2021 that posting or sharing fake news online could lead to maximum of five years imprisonment. [64]

Other examples of genuine news on 1 April mistaken as a hoax include:

Books, films, telemovies and television episodes have used April Fools' Day as their title or inspiration. Examples include Bryce Courtenay's novel April Fool's Day (1993), whose title refers to the day Courtenay's son died. The 1990s sitcom Roseanne featured an episode titled "April Fools' Day". This turned out to be intentionally misleading, as the episode was instead about Tax Day in the United States, occurring on 15 April. The 19th episode of the first season of SpongeBob SquarePants , "Fools In April", also centers around a plot that takes place on April Fools' Day.

Minecraft

Every year on 1 April, video game developer Mojang releases an April Fool's Day snapshot (a beta version of the game typically used to test new features) for Minecraft: Java Edition (a version of Minecraft available on computers). Over the years, several April Fool's Day updates have been released. [74] [75]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "April Fools' Day". Britannica. Archived from the original on 18 March 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
  2. ↑ McDonald, Bertha R. (7 March 1908). "The Oldest Custom in the World". Harper's Weekly. Vol. 52, no. 2672. p. 26. Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 4 March 2020.
  3. ↑ Ashley Ross (31 March 2016). "No Kidding: We Have No Idea How April Fools' Day Started". Time . Archived from the original on 28 March 2018. Retrieved 24 March 2018.
  4. ↑ "The Canterbury Tales (unsourced)/The Nun's Priest's Tale - Wikisource, the free online library". en.wikisource.org. Retrieved 1 April 2025.
  5. ↑ "The Nun's Priest's Tale". Chaucer in the Twenty-First Century. University of Maine at Machias. 21 September 2007. Archived from the original on 12 May 2011. Retrieved 20 September 2008.
  6. 1 2 "April Fool's Day 2021: how Chaucer, calendar confusion and Hilaria led to jokes and fake news" . The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 24 September 2021.
  7. ↑ Travis, Peter W. (1997). "Chaucer's Chronographiae, the Confounded Reader, and Fourteenth-Century Measurements of Time". In Poster, Carol; Utz, Richard J. (eds.). Constructions of Time in the Late Middle Ages. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press. pp. 16–17. ISBN   0-8101-1541-7. Archived from the original on 28 March 2023. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
  8. 1 2 3 4 Boese, Alex (2008). "The Origin of April Fool's Day". Museum of Hoaxes . Archived from the original on 29 March 2015. Retrieved 23 March 2015.
  9. ↑ Eloy d'Amerval (1991). "Le Livre de la Deablerie". De maint homme et de mainte fame, poisson d'Apvril vien tost a moy. Librairie Droz. p. 70. ISBN   9782600026727. Archived from the original on 28 March 2023. Retrieved 17 November 2016.
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  11. ↑ "April Fools' Day". Encyclopædia Britannica . Archived from the original on 7 March 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.
  12. ↑ Santino, Jack (1972). All around the year: holidays and celebrations in American life. University of Illinois Press. p.  97. ISBN   978-0-252-06516-3.
  13. ↑ Winick, Stephen (28 March 2016). "April Fools: The Roots of an International Tradition | Folklife Today". blogs.loc.gov. Archived from the original on 20 March 2022. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
  14. ↑ "April Fools' Day". History.com. 30 March 2017. Archived from the original on 2 April 2021. Retrieved 2 April 2021.
  15. ↑ Kaplan, Sarah (31 March 2016). "A brief, totally sincere history of April Fools' Day". The Washington Post. ISSN   0190-8286 . Retrieved 1 April 2025.
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  19. ↑ book: «The Persian Empire: A Corpus of Sources from the Achaemenid Period»
  20. ↑ Lying and Deception in Ancient Persia
  21. ↑ Truth and Falsehood in Zoroastrianism
  22. ↑ The Role of Truth in Zoroastrianism
  23. ↑ -Herodotus (I.138)
  24. ↑ Herodotus: On The Customs of the Persians
  25. ↑ Haggerty, Bridget. "April Fool's Day". Irish Culture and Customs. Archived from the original on 4 April 2014. Retrieved 3 April 2014.
  26. ↑ Sands, Patricia (31 March 2017). "April 1st and Chocolate Fish in France ~ no joke!" . Retrieved 1 April 2023.
  27. ↑ https://www.nordiskamuseet.se/utforska/hogtider/forsta-april/
  28. ↑ https://lektionsbanken.se/lektioner/april-april-din-dumma-sill/
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  30. ↑ "Origin of April Fools' Day". The Express Tribune. 3 April 2012. Archived from the original on 3 February 2014. Retrieved 27 May 2013.
  31. ↑ "O 1 de abril... os burros van onde non teñen que ir!". www.nosdiario.gal (in Galician). 1 April 2021. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
  32. ↑ "1 Nisan şakaları 2022!". www.haberturk.com (in Turkish). 1 April 2022. Archived from the original on 2 April 2022. Retrieved 2 April 2022.
  33. ↑ Sinelnikova, Alexandra (1 April 2019). "Humorina time". Odessitclub. Archived from the original on 24 December 2019. Retrieved 24 December 2019.
  34. ↑ "Humorina festival in Odessa". 2019. Archived from the original on 24 December 2019. Retrieved 24 December 2019.
  35. ↑ "Одеса святкувала Гуморину: великий фоторепортаж" [Odesa celebrates Humorine. Picture story] (in Ukrainian). 1 April 2019. Archived from the original on 24 December 2019. Retrieved 24 December 2019.
  36. ↑ Great Britain: Home Office (2017). Life in the United Kingdom: a guide for new residents (2014 ed.). Stationery Office. ISBN   9780113413409.
  37. ↑ Archie Bland (1 April 2009). "The Big Question: How did the April Fool's Day tradition begin, and what are the best tricks?". The Independent . Archived from the original on 19 October 2017. Retrieved 4 April 2013.
  38. 1 2 Opie, Iona & Peter (1960). The Lore and Language of Schoolchildren. Oxford University Press. pp. 245–46. ISBN   0-940322-69-2.
  39. ↑ "Swiss Spaghetti Harvest". Archived from the original on 3 November 2013. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  40. ↑ Moran, Rob (4 April 2014). "NPR's Brilliant April Fools' Day Prank Was Sadly Lost On Much Of The Internet". Archived from the original on 6 April 2014. Retrieved 6 April 2014.
  41. ↑ "Today is Spanish April Fools' – Dia de los Santos Inocentes!". Euroweeklynews. 28 December 2023. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
  42. ↑ "Bogotá Christmas: Key holiday dates". The Bogota Post. 6 December 2016. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
  43. ↑ "Today is "Día de los Inocentes" in Mexico! Watch out for pranks". The Yucatan Times. 28 December 2023. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
  44. ↑ "Día de los Inocentes: ¡Inocente palomita, no te dejes engañar! Lo que tienes que saber sobre esta tradición". Informador. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
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  47. ↑ "Today is the "Day of the Innocent Children", but what exactly is being celebrated on that day?". Ground. 28 December 2023. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
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  58. ↑ Woods, Michael (2 April 2013). "Brazeau tweets his resignation on April Fool's Day, causing confusion". Globalnews.ca. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 1 April 2014.
  59. ↑ Hasham, Nicole (3 April 2013). "ASIC to look into prank Metgasco email from schoolgirl Kudra Falla-Ricketts". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 3 April 2014. Retrieved 3 April 2014.
  60. ↑ "Justin Bieber's Believe album hijacked by DJ Paz". The Sydney Morning Herald. 3 April 2014. Archived from the original on 3 April 2014. Retrieved 3 April 2014.
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  63. ↑ Price, Rob. "Google is canceling its famous April Fools' Day pranks for the 2nd year in a row". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 29 March 2022. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
  64. ↑ "Phuket News: Police warn of prison terms for April Fool's stories". The Phuket News. 1 April 2021. Archived from the original on 1 April 2021. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
  65. ↑ "1946 Aleutian Tsunami". www.usc.edu. Archived from the original on 12 January 2016. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
  66. ↑ American Masters: What's Going On – The Life and Death of Marvin Gaye, PBS, 2008
  67. ↑ VH1's Most Shocking Moments in Rock & Roll, VH1, 1998
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  69. ↑ Patoski 1996, p. 199.
  70. ↑ Rusnak, Jeff (2 April 2005). "MITCH HEDBERG, 37, COMEDIAN, FILMMAKER". South Florida Sun-Sentinel. Archived from the original on 30 June 2021. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
  71. ↑ "Powerpuff Girls Z Debut". Archived from the original on 19 October 2017. Retrieved 30 September 2017.
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  73. ↑ Gould, Andrew. "Isaiah Thomas Laughs at Doubters on April Fools' Day". Bleacher Report . Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
  74. ↑ "Every Minecraft April Fools Joke (Including 2023)". Screen Rant . 7 May 2022.
  75. ↑ Kabra, Akshat (1 April 2023). "Minecraft reveals the Vote Update for April Fool's Day". Sportskeeda. Archived from the original on 1 April 2023.

Bibliography

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