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Soapstone is a talc-schist, which is a type of metamorphic rock. It is composed largely of the magnesium rich mineral talc. It is produced by dynamothermal metamorphism and metasomatism, which occur in the zones where tectonic plates are subducted, changing rocks by heat and pressure, with influx of fluids, but without melting. It has been a medium for carving for thousands of years.
Gaffney is a city in and the seat of Cherokee County, South Carolina, United States, in the Upstate region of South Carolina. Gaffney is known as the "Peach Capital of South Carolina". The population was 12,539 at the 2010 census, with an estimated population of 12,609 in 2019. It is the principal city of the Gaffney, South Carolina, Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Cherokee County and which is further included in the greater Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, South Carolina Combined Statistical Area.
The Broad Creek Soapstone Quarries, also known as Orr Prehistoric Steatite Quarry Archeological Site, is an archeological site located near Dublin, just south of Whiteford, Harford County, Maryland. The site includes evidence of the manufacture of vessels from boulders instead of from bedrock. This activity dated from 1700 to 1000 B.C.
The Chauga Mound (38OC1) is an archaeological site once located on the northern bank of the Tugaloo River, about 1,200 feet (370 m) north of the mouth of the Chauga River in present-day Oconee County, South Carolina. The earthen platform mound and former village site were inundated by creation of Lake Hartwell after construction of the Hartwell Dam on the Savannah River, which was completed in 1962.
Judaculla Rock is a curvilinear-shaped outcrop of soapstone known for its ancient carvings and petroglyphs. The archaeological site is located on a 0.85-acre rectangular-shaped property, now owned by Jackson County. It is approximately 60 meters east of Caney Fork Creek, a major branch of the northwestward-trending Tuckasegee River in the mountains of Western North Carolina.
Green's Shell Enclosure is a historic archeological site located at Hilton Head Island, Beaufort County, South Carolina. The site includes one of 20 or more prehistoric Indian shell middens in a ring shape located from the central coast of South Carolina to the central coast of Georgia. They are believed to date early in the second millennium BC, and they contain some of the earliest pottery known in North America.
Allendale Chert Quarries Archeological District is a set of 14 prehistoric archaeological sites located near Martin, Allendale County, South Carolina. The district includes the quarries and sites related to the processing of chert located on the bank of the Savannah River at distances of up to 1+1⁄2 miles away from the river.
Archeological Site 38CK44, also known as Locus 1, is a historic archaeological site located near Gaffney, Cherokee County, South Carolina. The site contains well preserved examples of a specialized soapstone procurement site occupied primarily during the prehistoric, Late Archaic Period.
Archeological Site 38CK45, also known as Locus 2, is a historic archaeological site located near Gaffney, Cherokee County, South Carolina. The site contains well preserved examples of a specialized soapstone procurement site occupied primarily during the prehistoric, Late Archaic Period.
Coopersville Ironworks Site (38CK2) and Susan Furnace Site (38CK67), also known as the Cherokee Ford Ironworks Site and Nesbitt Iron Manufacturing Co., is a historic archaeological site located near Gaffney, Cherokee County, South Carolina. The site includes the foundations of four large factory buildings, with a system of canal/sluiceways between them, and the remains of three iron furnaces. The outlying furnace, Susan Furnace, includes foundations, sluiceways, slag heaps, and adjacent ore pits. The complex is the largest and best preserved factory complex of any of the 19th century iron manufacturing companies of the region. The complex was developed between 1835 and 1843 by the Nesbitt Iron Manufacturing Company, the largest iron company in South Carolina. The Nesbitt Company was dissolved in the late 1840s, and the Swedish Iron Manufacturing Company of South Carolina operated the ironworks from 1850 until the American Civil War.
Ellen Furnace Site (38CK68) is a historic archaeological site located near Gaffney, Cherokee County, South Carolina. The site includes a partially collapsed but well-preserved iron furnace constructed about 1838 of quarried stone and two earthen sluiceways. Also present are building foundations, tramway road beds, and ore mines. It is directly associated with the nearby Susan Furnace Site. Both were outlying furnace operations associated with the manufacturing complex at Coopersville owned by the Nesbitt Company and later the Swedish Ironworks. The Coopersville Ironworks along with the Susan and Ellen Furnaces were developed between 1835 and 1843 by the Nesbitt Iron Manufacturing Company, the largest iron company in South Carolina. The Nesbitt Company was dissolved in the late 1840s, and the Swedish Iron Manufacturing Company of South Carolina operated the ironworks from 1850 until the American Civil War.
King's Creek Furnace Site (38CK71) is a historic archaeological site located near Kings Creek, Cherokee County, South Carolina, United States. The site contains a partially collapsed but well-preserved iron furnace built about 1838, retaining walls, sluiceway, stone dam abutments, stone building foundations, large piles of slag, and a large slag levee along the creek bank. It also includes the remains of the site's log framed dam. King's Creek Furnace Site is one of two remaining sites that can be associated with the King's Mountain Iron Company, a major iron manufacturing company that operated in present-day Cherokee County from about 1815 to about 1860. The other site is Jackson's Furnace Site in York County.
Nesbitt's Limestone Quarry (38CK69) is a historic archaeological site located near Gaffney, Cherokee County, South Carolina. The site includes the most extensive and best preserved limestone quarry associated with early iron production in the northwestern Piedmont of South Carolina. It was the primary source of limestone for the region's ironworks. Quarrying activity at Nesbitt's ceased in the early part of the 20th century. The site covers approximately 30 acres and has exposed vertical faces of limestone and is located in a large body of limestone that extend in a linear fashion from Limestone College to across the South Carolina state line.
Thicketty Mountain Ore Pits (38CK74) is a historic archaeological site located near Shady Grove Church, Cherokee County, South Carolina. The site includes iron ore pits associated with the South Carolina Manufacturing Company, a major iron manufacturing company that operated in Spartanburg County between about 1825 and about 1850. The iron ore pits or surface mines cover several forested acres along a gently sloping ridge and are generally depressions about two to three meters deep and about five to ten meters across. The pits were last operational in the 1850s.
The Spikebuck Town Mound and Village Site is a prehistoric and historic archaeological site on Town Creek near its confluence with the Hiwassee River within the boundaries of present-day Hayesville, North Carolina. The site encompasses the former area of the Cherokee village of Quanassee and associated farmsteads. The village was centered on what is known as Spikebuck Mound, an earthwork platform mound, likely built about 1,000 CE by ancestral indigenous peoples during the South Appalachian Mississippian culture period.
Too-Cowee, was an important historic Cherokee town located near the Little Tennessee River north of present-day Franklin, North Carolina. It also had a prehistoric platform mound and earlier village built by ancestral peoples. As their expression of public architecture, the Cherokee built a townhouse on top of the mound. It was the place for their community gatherings in their highly decentralized society. The name translates to "pig fat" in English. British traders and colonists referred to Cowee as one of the Cherokee Middle Towns along this river; they defined geographic groupings based in relation to their coastal settlements, such as Charlestown, South Carolina.
Manning Archeological Site is a historic archaeological site located near Cayce, Lexington County, South Carolina. The site contains evidence of prehistoric Indian occupation beginning with the Paleo-Indian period though the historic Indians of the 1700s.
Pacolet Soapstone Quarries encompasses 13 historic archaeological sites located near Pacolet, Spartanburg County, South Carolina. It was the site of soapstone procurement activities during the Late Archaic Period for the purpose of creating vessels. The quarry sites are characterized by large outcropping boulders of soapstone surrounded by depressions and concentrations of soapstone debris.
Nununyi was a historic village of the Cherokee people in western North Carolina, located on the eastern side of the Oconaluftee River. Today it is within the boundaries of the present-day city of Cherokee in Swain County. It was classified by English traders and colonists as among the "Out Towns" of the Cherokee in this area east of the Appalachian Mountains.
References
- 1 2 "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places . National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
- ↑ "Archaeological Site 38CK1, Cherokee County (Address Restricted)". National Register Properties in South Carolina. South Carolina Department of Archives and History. Retrieved February 25, 2014.
- ↑ T.A. Ferguson (January 1979). "Archeological Site 38CK1" (PDF). National Register of Historic Places nomination. NRHP. Retrieved February 25, 2014.
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