In molecular biology, biosynthesis is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms. In biosynthesis, simple compounds are modified, converted into other compounds, or joined to form macromolecules. This process often consists of metabolic pathways. Some of these biosynthetic pathways are located within a single cellular organelle, while others involve enzymes that are located within multiple cellular organelles. Examples of these biosynthetic pathways include the production of lipid membrane components and nucleotides. Biosynthesis is usually synonymous with anabolism.
Glutamine synthetase (GS) is an enzyme that plays an essential role in the metabolism of nitrogen by catalyzing the condensation of glutamate and ammonia to form glutamine:
Amino acid synthesis is the set of biochemical processes by which the amino acids are produced. The substrates for these processes are various compounds in the organism's diet or growth media. Not all organisms are able to synthesize all amino acids. For example, humans can synthesize 11 of the 20 standard amino acids. These 11 are called the non-essential amino acids).
Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (glutamine-hydrolysing) is an enzyme that catalyzes the reactions that produce carbamoyl phosphate in the cytosol. Its systemic name is hydrogen-carbonate:L-glutamine amido-ligase .
Purine metabolism refers to the metabolic pathways to synthesize and break down purines that are present in many organisms.
Guanosine monophosphate synthetase, also known as GMPS is an enzyme that converts xanthosine monophosphate to guanosine monophosphate.
In enzymology, an adenosylcobyric acid synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) (EC 6.3.5.10) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, an asparagine-tRNA ligase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
Aspartate—tRNAAsn ligase is an enzyme with systematic name L-aspartate:tRNAAsx ligase (AMP-forming). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
In enzymology, a D-alanine—D-alanine ligase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a dihydrofolate synthase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a glutamate—methylamine ligase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a glutamate—tRNAGln ligase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a glutaminyl-tRNA synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a hydrogenobyrinic acid a,c-diamide synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) (EC 6.3.5.9) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase (EC 6.3.5.3) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a tetrahydrofolate synthase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine—D-glutamate ligase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a [glutamate—ammonia-ligase] adenylyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
Asparagine synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) (EC 6.3.5.4, asparagine synthetase (glutamine-hydrolysing), glutamine-dependent asparagine synthetase, asparagine synthetase B, AS, AS-B) is an enzyme with systematic name L-aspartate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
