Atul Atmaram Gawande (born November 5, 1965) is an American surgeon, writer, and public health researcher. He practices general and endocrine surgery at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts. He is a professor in the Department of Health Policy and Management at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and the Samuel O. Thier Professor of Surgery at Harvard Medical School. In public health, he was the chairman of Ariadne Labs,[1] a joint center for health systems innovation, and chairman of Lifebox, a nonprofit that works on reducing deaths in surgery globally. On June 20, 2018, Gawande was named the CEO of healthcare venture Haven, owned by Amazon, Berkshire Hathaway, and JP Morgan Chase and stepped down as CEO in May 2020, remaining as executive chairman while the organization sought a new CEO.
Gawande was born on November 5, 1965,[4] in Brooklyn, New York, to MarathiIndian immigrants to the United States, both doctors.[5] His family soon moved to Athens, Ohio, where he and his sister grew up, and he graduated from Athens High School in 1983.[6]
As an undergraduate, Gawande was a volunteer for Gary Hart's campaign for the presidency of the United States.[9] After graduating, he joined Al Gore's 1988 presidential campaign.[10] He worked as a health-care researcher for RepresentativeJim Cooper (D-TN), who was author of a "managed competition" health care proposal for the Conservative Democratic Forum.[11] Gawande entered medical school in 1990 – leaving after two years to become Bill Clinton's healthcare lieutenant during the 1992 campaign.[10]
Public service
Gawande later became a senior advisor in the Department of Health and Human Services after Clinton's first inauguration. He directed one of the three committees of the Clinton administration's Task Force on National Health Care Reform, supervising 75 people and defined the benefits packages for Americans and subsidies and requirements for employers.[12] But the effort was attacked in the press, and Gawande later described this time in his life as frustrating, saying that "what I'm good at is not the same as what people who are good at leading agencies or running for office are really good at."[13]
Gawande led the "Safe surgery saves lives checklist" initiative of the World Health Organization, which saw around 200 medical societies and health ministries collaborating to produce a checklist, which was published in 2008, to be used in operating theaters. The Lancet welcomed the checklist as "a tangible instrument to promote safety", adding "But the checklist is not an end in itself. Its real value lies in encouraging communication among teams and stimulating further reform to bring a culture of safety to the very centre of patients' care."[14]
Journalism
Soon after he began his residency, his friend Jacob Weisberg, editor of Slate, asked him to contribute to the online magazine. Several articles by Gawande were published in The New Yorker, and he was made a staff writer for that publication in 1998.[15]
In January 1998, Gawande published an article in Slate– "Partial truths in the partial-birth-abortion debate: Every abortion is gross, but the technique is not the issue"– discussing how abortion policy should "hinge on the question of when the fetus first becomes a perceiving being" and "not on techniques at all– or even on when the fetus can survive outside the womb".[16]
A June 2009 New Yorker essay by Gawande compared the health care of two towns in Texas to show why health care was more expensive in one town compared to the other. Using the town of McAllen, Texas, as an example, it argued that a corporate, profit-maximizing culture (which can provide substantial amounts of unnecessary care) was an important factor in driving up costs, unlike a culture of low-cost high-quality care as provided by the Mayo Clinic and other efficient health systems.[17]
The article "made waves" by highlighting the issue, according to Bryant Furlow in Lancet Oncology.[18] It was cited by President Barack Obama during Obama's attempt to get health care reform legislation passed by the United States Congress. According to Senator Ron Wyden, the article "affected [Obama's] thinking dramatically", and was shown to a group of senators by Obama, who effectively said, "This is what we've got to fix."[19] After reading the New Yorker article, Warren Buffett's long-time business partner Charlie Munger mailed a check to Gawande in the amount of $20,000 as a thank-you to Dr. Gawande for providing something so socially useful.[20] Gawande returned the check and was subsequently sent a new check for $40,000. Gawande donated the $40,000 to the Brigham and Women's Hospital Center for Surgery and Public Health, where he had been a resident.[21]
In 2012, he gave the TED talk "How Do We Heal Medicine?" which has been viewed more than two million times.[22]
His second book, Better: A Surgeon's Notes on Performance, was released in April 2007. It discusses three virtues that Gawande considers to be most important for success in medicine: diligence, doing right, and ingenuity. Gawande offers examples in the book of people who have embodied these virtues. The book strives to present multiple sides of contentious medical issues, such as malpractice law in the US, physicians' role in capital punishment, and treatment variation between hospitals.[23]
Gawande founded the Lifebox charity with Pauline Philip.[27] He chaired the non-profit from its foundation in 2011 until 2022. Lifebox provides training and equipment for safer surgery.[28][29]
In June 2018, he was named the CEO for the new, Boston-based company, Haven Healthcare, formed by billionaire investor Warren Buffett, Amazon's Jeff Bezos, and JPMorgan Chase CEO Jamie Dimon.[30] He stepped down from the position in May 2020, remaining as executive chairman while the organization sought a new CEO.[31] In January 2021, Haven announced that it was to cease operations. According to CNBC, sources associated with the company claimed that "while the firm came up with ideas, each of the three founding companies executed their own projects separately with their own employees, obviating the need for the joint venture to begin with."[32]
On July 13, 2021, President Biden nominated Gawande for the post of Assistant Administrator of U.S. AID for the Bureau of Global Health.[34] Hearings were held on Gawande's nomination in the Senate Foreign Relations Committee on September 29, 2021. Florida Senator Marco Rubio delayed Gawande's committee vote in October 2021, claiming, "Atul Gawande’s defense of infanticide is disqualifying... President Biden should withdraw Gawande's nomination and replace him with someone who is committed to upholding the agency's mission of saving lives."[35] Senator Rubio's statement stems from a 1998 article Gawande wrote defending particular methods of late-term abortion and post-delivery infanticide.[16] On November 3, 2021, the committee favorably reported Gawande's nomination to the Senate floor.[36] The entire Senate confirmed Gawande on December 17, 2021, by a vote of 48–31.[37]
Awards and honors
In 2004, Gawande was selected as one of the "20 Most Influential South Asians" by Newsweek.[38] In 2006, he was named a MacArthur Fellow for his work investigating and articulating modern surgical practices and medical ethics.[39] In 2007, he became director of the World Health Organization's effort to reduce surgical deaths,[40] and in 2009 he was elected a Hastings Center Fellow.[41]
In the 2010 Time 100, he was included, in fifth place in the "Thinkers" category.[42] The same year, he was he was included by Foreign Policy magazine on its list of top global thinkers.[43] He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 2012.[44] In 2014, he presented the BBC's annual radio Reith Lectures, delivering a series of four talks titled The Future of Medicine. These were delivered in Boston, London, Edinburgh and Delhi.[45][46] Also that year, he won the Lewis Thomas Prize for Writing about Science.[47] In November 2016, he was one of three recipients of the Massachusetts Governor's Award in the Humanities for his contributions to improving civic life in Massachusetts.[48] In May 2022 he was awarded an Honorary Doctor of Sciences by the University of Pennsylvania at their annual commencement ceremony.[49]
Gawande, Atul (2002). Complications: a surgeon's notes on an imperfect science. Picador.
— (2008). Better: a surgeon's notes on performance. Picador.
— (2009). The checklist manifesto. Metropolitan Books.
— (2014). Being mortal: medicine and what matters in the end. Metropolitan Books.
Essays and reporting
Gawande, Atul (January 1998). "Partial truths in the partial-birth-abortion debate: Every abortion is gross, but the technique is not the issue". Slate.
↑ Online version is titled "Inside the worst-hit county in the worst-hit state in the worst-hit country".
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Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) in Boston, Massachusetts is a teaching hospital of Harvard Medical School and one of the founding members of Beth Israel Lahey Health. It was formed out of the 1996 merger of Beth Israel Hospital and New England Deaconess Hospital. Among independent teaching hospitals, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center has ranked in the top three recipients of biomedical research funding from the National Institutes of Health. Research funding totals nearly $200 million annually. BIDMC researchers run more than 850 active sponsored projects and 200 clinical trials. The Harvard-Thorndike General Clinical Research Center, the oldest clinical research laboratory in the United States, has been located on this site since 1973.
The Hastings Center is an independent, nonpartisan bioethics research institute and think tank based in Garrison, New York.
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The World Health Organization (WHO) published the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist in 2008 in order to increase the safety of patients undergoing surgery. The checklist serves to remind the surgical team of important items to be performed before and after the surgical procedure in order to reduce adverse events such as surgical site infections or retained instruments. It is one affordable and sustainable tool for reducing deaths from surgery in low and middle income countries.
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Martin Adel Makary is a British-American surgeon, professor, author and medical commentator. He practices surgical oncology and gastrointestinal laparoscopic surgery at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, is Mark Ravitch Chair in Gastrointestinal Surgery at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, and teaches public health policy as Professor of Surgery and Public Health at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
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The Checklist Manifesto: How to Get Things Right is a December 2009 non-fiction book by Atul Gawande. It was released on December 22, 2009, through Metropolitan Books and focuses on the use of checklists in relation to several elements of daily and professional life. The book looks at the use of checklists in the business world and the medical profession, with Gawande examining how it could be used for greater efficiency, consistency and safety. Gawande stated he was inspired to write The Checklist Manifesto after reading a story about a young child who survived a fall into a frozen pond and discovering the physician who saved her relied heavily on checklists.
Vivek Hallegere Murthy is a British-American physician and a vice admiral in the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps who has served as the 19th and 21st surgeon general of the United States under Presidents Barack Obama, Donald Trump, and Joe Biden. Murthy is the first surgeon general of Indian descent, and, during his first term as surgeon general, he was the youngest active duty flag officer in federal uniformed service.
Pauline Mary Philip, DBE, is a former nurse and an executive in the National Health Service in the UK.
Complications: A Surgeon's Notes on an Imperfect Science is a nonfiction book collection of essays written by the American surgeon Atul Gawande. Gawande wrote this during his general surgery residency at Brigham and Women's Hospital and was published in 2002 by Picador. The book is divided into three sections: Fallibility, Mystery, and Uncertainty, all going in depth into the problems physicians may face when practicing a variety of procedures in medicine. Each of these sections puts forth different challenges doctors must face that make them imperfect and errant, resulting in the inevitable occurrence of errors.
The Alliance for Surgery and Anesthesia Presence is a multidisciplinary society of surgeons, anesthesiologists, obstetricians and public health specialists organized to improve the delivery of surgical care, particularly in low and middle income countries. The body, named the Burden of Surgical Disease Working Group at its founding in 2007, was renamed in 2010. It became an international society in 2013 under the umbrella of the International Surgery Society.
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Being Mortal: Medicine and What Matters in the End is a 2014 non-fiction book by American surgeon Atul Gawande. The book addresses end-of-life care, hospice care, and also contains Gawande's reflections and personal stories. He suggests that medical care should focus on well-being rather than survival. Being Mortal has won awards, appeared on lists of best books, and been featured in a documentary.
Haven was a not-for-profit, healthcare-focused entity created through a joint venture by American companies Amazon, Berkshire Hathaway and JPMorgan Chase. The entity's stated goals were to improve healthcare services and lower costs for the three companies' employees, while making primary care easier to access, making prescription drugs more affordable and rendering insurance benefits easier to understand. The company was headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts, with offices in New York City.
The Lifebox Foundation, commonly known as Lifebox, is a non-profit organization that improves the safety of surgery in low-income countries.
↑ Gudrais, Elizabeth (October 2009). "The Unlikely Writer". Harvard Magazine. Retrieved July 2, 2021.
1 2 "Humane Endeavor". Guernica / A Magazine of Art & Politics. November 17, 2014. Archived from the original on December 20, 2014. Retrieved January 6, 2015.
↑ "Cooperman". The New Republic. Vol.209, no.21. Washington. November 22, 1993. p.11.
↑ Gawande, Atul (April 16, 2012). "How do we heal medicine?". TED (conference). Archived from the original on August 8, 2019. Retrieved October 4, 2019.
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