Austrocidaria callichlora

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Austrocidaria callichlora
Austrocidaria callichlora female.jpg
Female
Austrocidaria callichlora male.jpg
Male
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Geometridae
Genus: Austrocidaria
Species:
A. callichlora
Binomial name
Austrocidaria callichlora
(Butler, 1879) [1]
Synonyms [2] [1]
  • Cidaria callichloraButler, 1879
  • Hydriomena callichlora harmonicaClarke, 1926

Austrocidaria callichlora, also known as the green Coprosma carpet moth, is a species of moth of the family Geometridae. [2] It endemic to New Zealand. This species is found in both the North and South Islands where it inhabits native shrubland and forest as well as tussock. Larvae feed on Coprosma species.

Contents

Taxonomy

It was first described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1879 using specimens collected in the Wairarapa and named Cidaria callichlora. [3] George Hudson described and illustrated this species under the name Hydriomena callichlora in both his 1898 book New Zealand moths and butterflies (Macro-lepidoptera) and his 1928 book The butterflies and moths of New Zealand. [4] [5] In 1926 Charles E. Clarke described a new subspecies of this species Hydriomena callichlora harmonica. [6] Hudson synonymised this subspecies in his 1928 publication. [5] J. S. Dugdale placed this species in the genus Austrocidaria in 1971. [7] The male holotype of this species was collected in Dunedin by F. W. Hutton and is held at that Natural History Museum, London. [2]

Description

Illustration of larvae Fig 3 MA I437601 TePapa Plate-II-The-butterflies full (cropped).jpg
Illustration of larvae
Male holotype of A. callichlora. Austrocidaria callichlora AMNZ21770 d.jpg
Male holotype of A. callichlora.

Hudson described the larvae and pupa of this species as follows:

The very handsome larva, which feeds on Coprosma rotundifolia , during the summer months, is about 1 inch in length, moderately slender, slightly flattened and of almost uniform thickness; very bright green much paler on the

ventral surface; there is a conspicuous crimson lateral line sometimes edged with white and the prolegs are also crimson; the segmental divisions are marked in yellow, and there are a few isolated black bristles. Younger larvae have the ground colour dull greyish-green, whitish underneath, and the crimson stripe is much fainter than in the full-grown larva.

The pupa is enclosed in a fragile cocoon composed of several leaves joined together with silk and usually situated on the surface of the ground. [5]

When first describing this species and naming it Cidaria callichlora, Butler said the following:

Nearly allied to the European C. miata, from which it differs as follows: primaries above more densely green ; basal patch smaller and darker, not so angular; central belt wider, its inner edge not so sharply defined, its outer edge widely zigzag from above the second median branch ; the white submarginal spots replaced by a pale greenish festooned line ; the double marginal black dots replaced by <-shaped markings; secondaries crossed by two widely separated indistinct dentate-simuate grey discal lines; no discocellular dot; abdomen pale brown with white dorsal dots on each side of which are black dots ; below there are similar differences, but here all the wings exhibit black discocellular dots. Expanse of wings 1 inch 3 lines. [3]

This species is similar in appearance to A. similata but lacks the purple-grey coloured mark where the forewings meet in that latter species. [8]

The wingspan of adults is between 24 to 34 mm. Adults are variable in wing colouration. Some specimens sourced from Fiordland being particularly intensely coloured, with some featuring shades of blue and green on their wings. [9]

Distribution

A. callichlora is endemic to New Zealand and can be found on both the North and South Islands. [1] [9]

Behaviour

The adult of the species is on the wing from November to March. [10] Adults have been observed resting on mossy tree-trunks with forewings folded back and their abdomen pointing upwards. Hudson pointed out that this resting position along with the crests on the thorax ensures the insect mimics a patch of moss. [5] Hudson hypothesised that this species spends the winter months either hibernating as full grown larvae or as a pupa. [5]

Habitat and hosts

C. rotundifolia, a larval host species Coprosma rotundifolia A.Cunn. (AM AK301998-1).jpg
C. rotundifolia, a larval host species

This species is found in native shrubland and forest as well as in tussock, commonly where its host plants are abundant. The larvae of A. callichlora feed on Coprosma species including Coprosma rotundifolia and Coprosma robusta . [9] [5] [10]

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References

  1. 1 2 3 "Austrocidaria callichlora (Butlera, 1879)". www.nzor.org.nz. Retrieved 2022-02-18.
  2. 1 2 3 Dugdale , J. S. (23 September 1988). "Lepidoptera - annotated catalogue, and keys to family-group taxa". Fauna of New Zealand. 14. Department of Scientific and Industrial Research: 175. doi:10.7931/J2/FNZ.14. ISSN   0111-5383. Wikidata   Q45083134.
  3. 1 2 Arthur Gardiner Butler (1879). "On a small collection of Heterocerous Lepidoptera, from New Zealand". Cistula entomologica. 2: 509. Wikidata   Q104215588.PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
  4. ↑ George Vernon Hudson (1898), New Zealand moths and butterflies (Macro-lepidoptera) , Illustrator: George Hudson, London, p. 50, doi:10.5962/BHL.TITLE.7912, OCLC   980865393, Wikidata   Q19073637 {{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Hudson, G. V. (1928), The butterflies and moths of New Zealand, Illustrator: George Hudson, Wellington: Ferguson and Osborn Limited, p. 100, LCCN   88133764, OCLC   25449322, Wikidata   Q58593286 PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
  6. ↑ Charles Edwin Clarke (12 July 1926). "New species of Lepidoptera". Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 56: 417. ISSN   1176-6158. Wikidata   Q63101109.
  7. ↑ Dugdale, J. S. (10 November 1971). "Entomology of the Aucklands and other islands south of New Zealand: Lepidoptera, excluding non-crambine Pyralidae". Pacific Insects Monographs . 27: 97. ISSN   0078-7515. Wikidata   Q64006453.
  8. ↑ Robert Hoare (2014). A Photographic Guide to Moths & Butterflies of New Zealand. Illustrator: Olivier Jean-Philippe Ball. p. 90. ISBN   978-1-86966-399-5. Wikidata   Q59396160.
  9. 1 2 3 Carey Knox (2024). Butterflies & Moths of Aotearoa New Zealand. John Beaufoy Publishing. p. 46. ISBN   978-1-913679-66-8. Wikidata   Q130640046.
  10. 1 2 Andrew Crowe (2002), Which New Zealand Insect?, Auckland: Penguin Books, p. 21, Wikidata   Q120878300
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