The Hawaiian duck or koloa is a species of bird in the family Anatidae that is endemic to the large islands of Hawaiʻi. Taxonomically, the koloa is closely allied with the mallard. It differs in that it is monochromatic and non-migratory. As with many duck species in the genus Anas, Hawaiian duck and mallards can interbreed and produce viable offspring, and the koloa has previously been considered an island subspecies of the mallard. However, all major authorities now consider this form to be a distinct species within the mallard complex. Recent analyses indicate that this is a distinct species that arose through ancient hybridization between mallard and Laysan duck. The native Hawaiian name for this duck is koloa maoli, or simply koloa. This species is listed as endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, and its population trend is decreasing.
The redear sunfish, also known as the shellcracker, Georgia bream, cherry gill, chinquapin, improved bream, rouge ear sunfish and sun perch) is a freshwater fish in the family Centrarchidae and is native to the southeastern United States. Since it is a popular sport fish, it has been introduced to bodies of water all over North America. It is known for its diet of mollusks and snails.
The sand goby, also known as a polewig or pollybait, is a species of ray-finned fish native to marine and brackish waters European waters from the Baltic Sea through the Mediterranean Sea and into the Black Sea where it occurs in sandy or muddy areas of inshore waters at depths of from 4 to 200 metres. This species can reach a length of 11 centimetres (4.3 in) TL. This species is sometimes kept in public aquariums. The sand goby is of a sandy colour, with darker markings on the sides and a creamy-white underside. In the breeding season the male fish has blue spot at the rear of the first dorsal fin, ringed with white. The fish has a slender body, and the head is about a quarter of the total length.
The black goby is a species of ray-finned fish found in the Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea. It inhabits estuaries, lagoons, and inshore water over seagrass and algae. It feeds on a variety of invertebrates and sometimes small fish. This species can also be found in the aquarium trade.
Awaous macrorhynchus is a species of goby endemic to Madagascar where it is known from brackish and fresh waters. This species can reach a length of 38 centimetres (15 in) TL.
Awaous is a genus of fish in the family Gobiidae, the gobies. They are native to fresh, marine and brackish waters from Africa to the Americas.
Awaous stamineus, commonly known as ‘O‘opu nakea, is a species of goby native to the Hawaiian Islands. It has been previously considered a synonym of Awaous guamensis but recent work based upon morphological and genetic differences has recognized Hawaiian populations as being distinct. Consequently, Hawaiian Awaous are now recognized as a valid, distinct species.
The Hawaiian freshwater goby, or ‘O‘opu, is a species of goby endemic to Hawaii, where it occurs in mountain streams. Males of this species can reach a standard length of 7 cm (2.8 in), while females only reach 6 cm (2.4 in).
Sicyopterus stimpsoni, commonly known as the Nopoli rockclimbing goby, oopu nopili, or Stimpson's goby, is a species of amphidromous goby endemic to Hawaii. This species can reach a length of 19.8 centimetres (7.8 in) SL.
Stenogobius polyzona, the Chinestripe goby, is a species of goby native to streams and rivers on Madagascar and Réunion. Males of this species can reach a length of 15 centimetres (5.9 in) SL while females can reach 6.6 centimetres (2.6 in) SL.
The two-spotted goby is a species of goby native to marine and brackish waters of the eastern Atlantic Ocean where it can be found from the Faeroes and Norway to the northwestern coast of Spain. It has also been recorded from Estonia though records from the Mediterranean Sea are uncertain. They are common on all coasts of the United Kingdom. This species can reach a length of 6 centimetres (2.4 in) TL.
Awaous acritosus, the Roman nose goby, is a species of goby that is native to fresh water rivers and streams of Queensland, Australia and the Laloki River drainage of New Guinea.
Awaous banana, the river goby, is a species of goby native to fresh and brackish water stream and rivers from the southern United States through Central America to Venezuela and Peru. This species can reach a length of 30 centimetres (12 in) SL. It is important to local commercial fisheries.
Awaous ocellaris is a species of goby native to fresh, marine and brackish waters of southern Asia from India to the Philippines, and eastern Asia to Japan as well as the islands of Oceania. This species can reach a length of 13 centimetres (5.1 in) TL. It is of minor importance to local commercial fisheries.
Awaous tajasica, the sand fish or sandfish, is a species of goby native to fresh and brackish waters of Brazil in South America with reports outside of Brazil considered to be questionable. This species can reach a length of 16.3 cm (6.4 in) SL.
Pomatoschistus marmoratus, the marbled goby, is a species of goby native to the eastern Atlantic from the Bay of Biscay down around the Iberian Peninsula through the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. It is also found in the Suez Canal in Egypt. It occurs in marine and brackish waters on sandy substrates in shallow waters, typically down to 20 m (66 ft), but occasionally to 70 m (230 ft) in the winter. It can reach a length of 8 cm (3.1 in) TL though most do not exceed 5 centimetres (2.0 in) TL.
Stenogobius hawaiiensis, the Naniha goby, is a species of goby endemic to the Hawaiian Islands where it can be found in marine, brackish and fresh waters. This species is not as adept a climber as are many other Hawaiian gobies and thus is not found in the upper reaches of streams. This species can reach a length of 11.4 centimetres (4.5 in) SL. In the Hawaiian language, it is also known as O'opu naniha. It feeds on invertebrates such as worms, crustaceans and insects as well as algae. It is preyed upon by birds such as the black-crowned night-heron as well as native fishes such as Caranx spp., Polydactylus sexfilis and Sphyraena barracuda. Invasive alien fish such as mosquito fish and game species threaten the populations of S. hawaiiensis by bringing new diseases and parasites and by predating on their eggs and fry. They may also be threatened by alteration of their habitat by humans such as abstraction, pollution and damming but not to as great an extent as these factors affect other native Hawaiian freshwater fish, there is also some fishing for this species.
Awaous melanocephalus, the largesnout goby, is a species of goby that is native to fresh water rivers and streams of India, Sri Lanka, Ryukyu Islands, China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Thailand, Philippines, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands. Some suggestions has been recorded from Fiji islands and Mauritius, but not confirmed yet.
Chlorurus spilurus, known commonly as the Pacific daisy parrotfish or Pacific bullethead parrotfish and in Hawaiian called uhu, is a species of marine fish in the family Scaridae. The Pacific daisy parrotfish is widespread throughout the tropical waters of the Pacific.
