Species of the order Baerida are leuconoid calcareous sponges with the skeleton either composed exclusively of micro-diactines, or in which microdiactines constitute exclusively or predominantly a specific sector of the skeleton, such as choano-skeleton or atrial skeleton. Large or giant spicules are frequently present in the cortical skeleton, from which they can partially or fully invade the choanoderm. In sponges with a reinforced cortex, the inhalant pores can be restricted to a sieve-like ostia-bearing region. Dagger-shaped small tetractines (pugioles) are frequently the sole skeleton of the exhalant aquiferous system. Although the skeleton may be highly reinforced by the presence of dense layers of microdiactines in a specific region, an aspicular calcareous skeleton is not.[citation needed]
Demosponges are the most diverse class in the phylum Porifera. They include 76.2% of all species of sponges with nearly 8,800 species worldwide. They are sponges with a soft body that covers a hard, often massive skeleton made of calcium carbonate, either aragonite or calcite. They are predominantly leuconoid in structure. Their "skeletons" are made of spicules consisting of fibers of the protein spongin, the mineral silica, or both. Where spicules of silica are present, they have a different shape from those in the otherwise similar glass sponges.
The Clathrinida are an order of calcareous sponges found in marine environments. These sponges have an asconoid structure and lack a true dermal membrane or cortex. The spongocoel is lined with choanocytes.
Clathrina is a genus of calcareous sponge in the family Clathrinidae. Several species formerly in Clathrina were transferred to the newly erected genera Arturia, Ernstia, Borojevia, and Brattegardia in 2013. The name is derived from the Latin word "clathratus" meaning "latticed".
The Murrayonida are an order of sea sponges in the sublass Calcinea.
Levinellidae is a family of calcareous sponges in the order Clathrinida. It contains the following genera and species:
Achramorphidae is a family of calcareous sponges in the order Leucosolenida.
Jenkinidae is a family of sea sponges in the order Leucosolenida.
Homosclerophorida is an order of marine sponges. It is the only order in the monotypic class Homoscleromorpha. The order is composed of two families: Plakinidae and Oscarellidae.
Clathrina aurea is a species of calcareous sponge from Brazil. Specimens of this species were previously misidentified with Clathrina clathrus
Ascandra izuensis is a species of ssea sponge in the family Clathrinidae. The species is named after the Izu peninsula where the holotype was collected.
Trichogypsia is a genus of calcareous sponges in the order Baerida.
Ascute asconoides is a species of calcareous sponge found in Australia.
Ascute uteoides is a species of calcareous sponge found in Australia.
Homaxinella is a genus of sea sponges in the family Suberitidae. The type species is Homaxinella balfourensis.
Dictyoceratida is an order of sponges in the subclass Ceractinomorpha containing five families. Along with the Dendroceratida, it is one of the two orders of demosponges that make up the keratose or "horny" sponges, in which a mineral skeleton is minimal or absent and a skeleton of organic fibers containing spongin, a collagen-like material, is present instead.
Borojevia is a genus of calcareous sponge in the family Clathrinidae. The genus is named after sponge researcher Radovan Borojevic.
Baeriidae is a family of calcareous sponges in the class Calcarea. It was named by Borojevic, Boury-Esnault, and Vacelet in 2000. The type genus is BaeriaMiklucho-Maclay, 1870, by original designation, though Baeria is now considered a junior synonym of LeuconiaGrant, 1833.
Trichogypsiidae is a family of sponges in the class Calcarea.
Nicole Boury-Esnault is a retired French researcher of marine sponges, formerly at Centre d'Océanologie de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University.
Soleneiscus is a genus of calcareous sponges in the family Dendyidae.
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