Banksia anatona

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Cactus dryandra
Banksia anatona.jpg
Banksia anatona in Royal Botanic Gardens, Cranbourne
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Proteales
Family: Proteaceae
Genus: Banksia
Subgenus: Banksia subg. Banksia
Series: Banksia ser. Dryandra
Species:
B. anatona
Binomial name
Banksia anatona
Synonyms [2]
  • Dryandra anatonaA.S.George
  • Dryandra sp. 48 (A.S.George 16886)

Banksia anatona, commonly known as the cactus dryandra, [1] is a flowering plant in the family, Proteaceae and is endemic to Western Australia. It is a tall, spindly shrub with unusually large fruiting follicles. It is only known from a single location and has been classified as Critically Endangered nationally under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. [1] The only known population is in danger of extinction from dieback disease.

Contents

Description

Banksia anatona is a shrub with a single stem and short side branches, sometimes growing to a height of 5 m (20 ft). Unlike many others in the Banksia genus, it does not have a lignotuber. The branches are covered with a layer of matted hairs. The leaves are wedge-shaped with the narrow end towards the base, have a hairy stalk 3–7 mm (0.1–0.3 in) long and a leaf blade 30–70 mm (1–3 in) long and 12–22 mm (0.5–0.9 in) wide. The upper surface of the leaf blade is hairy at first, but becomes glabrous with age and the lower surface is covered with a layer of matted hairs. The leaf surface is wavy and there are 10 to 12 serrations on each side. [3] [4] [5]

The flower spike develops on the ends of the main branch or on the side branches and is composed of about 170 individual flowers. The pollen presenter is 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) long. Flowers appear between January and June and the fruits which appear after flowering are egg-shaped with the narrow end towards the base and are about 24 mm (0.9 in) long and hairy. [3] [4] [5]

Taxonomy and naming

The species was first formally described in 1996 by Alex George who gave it the name Dryandra anatona. The description was published in Nuytsia . [6] In 2007, Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele transferred all the dryandras to the genus Banksia and this species became Banksia anatona. [7] [8] The specific epithet (anatona) is derived from the Ancient Greek words τόνος (tónos) meaning "rope" or "chord" [9] : 667  and ἀνα- (ana-) meaning "up" or "upwards" [9] : 657  referring to the tall, spindly habit of this species. [3]

Distribution and habitat

Banksia anatona is only known from a restricted area in the Stirling Range National Park in the Esperance Plains biogeographic region. [10] It is threatened by dieback disease caused by the fungus Phytophthora cinnamomi , although a small population has been established on private property elsewhere. It grows in sandy soil on slopes with dense kwongan vegetation. [3] [4] [5]

Conservation

This species has been classified as "Threatened Flora (Declared Rare Flora — Extant)" by the Department of Environment and Conservation (Western Australia) [10] and as "critically endangered" by the Australian Government Department of the Environment under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. [5]

Related Research Articles

<i>Banksia acanthopoda</i> Species of shrub in Western Australia

Banksia acanthopoda is a species of shrub in the family Proteaceae. It grows as a small spreading shrub to 2 m high and has prickly leaves and yellow composite flower heads, called inflorescences, composed of 50 to 60 individual yellow flowers. Flowering takes place in the southern hemisphere winter. Endemic to Western Australia, it occurs only in a few populations in the vicinities of Woodanilling, Katanning and Darkan. Because of its rarity, it is classed as "Priority Two" conservation flora by Western Australia's Department of Environment and Conservation.

<i>Banksia aurantia</i> Species of shrub in the genus Banksia native to Western Australia

Banksia aurantia, commonly known as the orange dryandra, is a shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has underground stems, deeply divided leaves with 18 to 28 lobes on each sides, about eighty pale orange-pink flowers in each inflorescence, and egg-shaped follicles.

Banksia borealis is a species of sprawling shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has leaves with sharply pointed lobes on each side, between thirty and fifty flowers in a gold-coloured spike and egg-shaped fruit. There are two subspecies occurring in two disjunct areas.

Banksia concinna is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has elliptical leaves with between five and twenty triangular teeth on each side, hairy heads of yellow flowers and hairy, egg-shaped fruit.

Banksia idiogenes is a species of tufted shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has hairy stems, deeply pinnatifid leaves, distinctive, scented, red and white flowers in heads of about eighty, later several glabrous, egg-shaped follicles in each head.

Banksia ionthocarpa is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has short, hairy, prostrate stems, pinnatifid leaves, pinkish purple to orange flower in heads of between forty and sixty at the base of leaves, and egg-shaped follicles with a distinctive tuft of hairs on the end.

<i>Banksia kippistiana</i> Shrub endemic to Western Australia

Banksia kippistiana is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has linear, pinnatifid leaves with ten to twenty lobes on each side, heads of up to eighty yellow and cream-coloured flowers, and elliptical follicles.

<i>Banksia mimica</i> Species of shrub in Western Australia

Banksia mimica, commonly known as summer honeypot, is a species of prostrate shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has wedge-shaped leaves with sharply-pointed teeth on the sides, yellow flowers in heads of up to fifty and oblong, hairy follicles.

Banksia montana, commonly known as the Stirling Range dryandra, is a species of shrub that is endemic to the Stirling Range in Western Australia. It has hairy stems, linear pinnatisect leaves with twisted, triangular lobes, yellow flowers in heads of about sixty and reddish-brown follicles.

<i>Banksia mucronulata</i> Species of shrub in Western Australia

Banksia mucronulata, commonly known as swordfish dryandra, is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has spreading, hairy stems, linear, deeply pinnatifid leaves with sharply-pointed lobes, pale yellow to cream-coloured flowers in heads of between 80 and 180, and egg-shaped follicles.

<i>Banksia octotriginta</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to the south-west of Western Australia

Banksia octotriginta is a species of shrub that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has erect stems with bluish-green, deeply pinnatipartite leaves, heads of up to eighty or more golden-yellow flowers and egg-shaped follicles.

Banksia pallida is a species of column-shaped shrub that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has densely hairy stems, linear leaves with three to five serrations on each side, pale yellow flowers in heads of up to eighty and egg-shaped to elliptical follicles.

Banksia porrecta is a species of prostrate shrub that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has hairy, underground stems, pinnatipartite leaves with up to forty narrow triangular lobes on each side, yellow flowers in heads of between twenty and thirty, and one or two egg-shaped follicles in each head.

Banksia prionophylla is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. Known only from a single population of around 70 plants in a remote part of Western Australia, it is considered rare but not endangered. It was first discovered in 2001, and published under the genus Dryandra in 2005, before being transferred into Banksia in 2007.

Banksia pseudoplumosa, commonly known as false plumed-banksia, is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has hairy stems, broadly linear, pinnatipartite leaves with sharply-pointed triangular lobes on the sides, yellow flowers in heads of about one hundred, and densely woolly-hairy follicles.

<i>Banksia bella</i> Species of shrub endemic to Western Australia

Banksia bella, commonly known as the Wongan dryandra, is a species of dense shrub that is endemic to a restricted area of Western Australia. It has narrow, deeply serrated leaves covered with white hairs on the lower surface, heads of yellow flowers and few follicles in the fruiting head.

<i>Banksia serratuloides</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia serratuloides is a species of small shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has linear, pinnatipartite leaves, yellow and pink flowers in heads of about forty and hairy, wrinkled follicles.

<i>Banksia splendida</i> Species of shrub in the genus Banksia native to Western Australia

Banksia splendida, commonly known as shaggy dryandra, is a species of shrub that is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It has sharply-pointed linear leaves that are woolly on the lower surface, cream-coloured and maroon or yellow flowers in heads of between 65 and 115, and later up to eight egg-shaped follicles in each head.

<i>Banksia stuposa</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia stuposa is a species of shrub that is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It has hairy stems, broadly linear pinnatifid leaves, golden yellow and white flowers in heads of one hundred or more, and hairy, egg-shaped follicles.

Banksia trifontinalis is a species of openly-branched shrub that is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It has broadly linear, coarsely serrated, sharply pointed leaves, pale yellow flowers in heads of about sixty, and oblong to egg-shaped follicles.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Banksia anatona — Cactus Dryandra". Species Profile and Threats Database. Department of the Environment and Water Resources . Retrieved 2 January 2016.
  2. 1 2 "Banksia anatona". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 26 March 2020.
  3. 1 2 3 4 George, Alex S. (1996). "New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra R.Br". Nuytsia. 10 (3): 353–354.
  4. 1 2 3 "Approved Conservation Advice for Dryandra anatona (Cactus Dryandra)" (PDF). Australian Government Department of the Environment. Retrieved 11 February 2016.
  5. 1 2 3 4 "Advice to the Minister for Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities" (PDF). Australian Government Department of the Environment. Retrieved 11 February 2016.
  6. ↑ "Dryandra anatona". APNI. Retrieved 11 February 2016.
  7. ↑ "Banksia anatona". APNI. Retrieved 11 February 2016.
  8. ↑ Mast, Austin R.; Thiele, Kevin (2013). "The transfer of Dryandra R.Br. to Banksia L.f. (Proteaceae)". Australian Systematic Botany. 20 (1): 63–71. doi:10.1071/SB06016.
  9. 1 2 Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
  10. 1 2 "Banksia anatona". FloraBase . Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
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