 | This article relies largely or entirely on a single source .(October 2023) |
| Barry Castle | |
|---|---|
| Barry, Wales | |
 Barry Castle | |
  Barry Castle | |
| Coordinates | 51°23′48″N3°17′38″W / 51.3967°N 3.2938°W |
| Site information | |
| Owner | Cadw |
| Open to the public | yes |
| Condition | Ruinous |
Barry Castle (Welsh : Castell y Barri) is a small Grade II* listed ruined two-storey gatehouse with the adjacent walls of a hall in the Romilly district of Barry, Vale of Glamorgan in south Wales.
The castle was established as a wooden ringwall in the 12th century by the de Barry (Barri) family. Its name is derived from the nearby island where the pre-Norman chapel of St. Barruca was founded. The castle played a significant role in the local landscape, and its construction was attributed to the knight William de Barry. [1]
Throughout the subsequent centuries, Barry Castle underwent various transformations and expansions. In the late 13th century, stone buildings were erected within the original castle, marking a transition from its earlier wooden structure. The castle's evolution continued under the ownership of John de Barry, who oversaw repairs and extensions, including the construction of a southern great hall and a distinctive gatehouse. [1]
The castle faced challenges and conflicts over the years. It endured an attack and severe damage during the revolt of Llywelyn Bren against King Edward II in 1316. Despite setbacks, the castle was repaired and extended, contributing to its continued prominence in the region. [1]
The castle originally consisted of wooden and earth fortifications, with a diameter of approximately 35 meters and a protective ditch. In the late 13th century, stone structures were added, including rectangular buildings on the north-east and north-west corners. These structures were connected by defensive walls, enclosing a small courtyard between them. [1]
During the 14th century, the castle underwent further expansion, incorporating a southern great hall connected to a gatehouse and a corner tower. The southern building housed a representative hall on its first floor, complete with a fireplace in the north wall. The entrance to this building led from the courtyard, with the possibility of direct access to the first floor via external wooden stairs. [1]
The gatehouse, a prominent feature of Barry Castle, included a pointed portal with a portcullis, double doors, and a drawbridge. Above the gate passage, a small room possibly served as a chapel. The gatehouse's upper floor was linked to the adjacent hall building and featured a curving passage connecting to the defensive wall-walk. [1]
Today, Barry Castle stands as a Grade II* listed ruined structure. [2] The castle's gatehouse, with its ogival portal and Gothic window, remains relatively well-preserved. Fragments of walls on the north and east sides, as well as an arrowslit, can still be observed. The castle site is open to the public. [1]
Caerlaverock Castle is a moated triangular castle first built in the 13th century. It is located on the southern coast of Scotland, eleven kilometres south of Dumfries, on the edge of the Caerlaverock National Nature Reserve. Caerlaverock was a stronghold of the Maxwell family from the 13th century until the 17th century, when the castle was abandoned. It was besieged by the English during the Wars of Scottish Independence, and underwent several partial demolitions and reconstructions over the 14th and 15th centuries. In the 17th century, the Maxwells were created Earls of Nithsdale, and built a new lodging within the walls, described as among "the most ambitious early classical domestic architecture in Scotland". In 1640 the castle was besieged for the last time by the Protestant Covenanter army and was subsequently abandoned. Although demolished and rebuilt several times, the castle retains the distinctive triangular plan first laid out in the 13th century. Caerlaverock Castle was built to control trade in early times.
Stokesay Castle is one of the finest surviving fortified manor houses in England, and situated at Stokesay in Shropshire. It was largely built in its present form in the late 13th century by Laurence of Ludlow, on the earlier castle founded by its original owners the de Lacy family, from whom it passed to their de Verdun heirs, who retained feudal overlordship of Stokesay until at least 1317. Laurence 'of' Ludlow was one of the leading wool merchants in England, who intended it to form a secure private house and generate income as a commercial estate. Laurence's descendants continued to own the castle until the 16th century, when it passed through various private owners. By the time of the outbreak of the First English Civil War in 1642, Stokesay was owned by William Craven, 1st Earl of Craven (1608–1697), a supporter of King Charles I. After the Royalist war effort collapsed in 1645, Parliamentary forces besieged the castle in June and quickly forced its garrison to surrender. Parliament ordered the property to be slighted, but only minor damage was done to the walls, allowing Stokesay to continue to be used as a house by the Baldwyn family until the end of the 17th century.
Harlech Castle in Harlech, Gwynedd, Wales, is a Grade I listed medieval fortification built onto a rocky knoll close to the Irish Sea. It was built by Edward I during his invasion of Wales between 1282 and 1289 at the relatively modest cost of £8,190. Over the next few centuries, the castle played an important part in several wars, withstanding the siege of Madog ap Llywelyn between 1294 and 1295, but falling to Prince Owain Glyndŵr in 1404. It then became Glyndŵr's residence and military headquarters for the remainder of the uprising until being recaptured by English forces in 1409. During the 15th century Wars of the Roses, Harlech was held by the Lancastrians for seven years, before Yorkist troops forced its surrender in 1468, a siege memorialised in the song "Men of Harlech". Following the outbreak of the English Civil War in 1642, the castle was held by forces loyal to Charles I, holding out until 1647 when it became the last fortification to surrender to the Parliamentary armies. In the 21st century the ruined castle is managed by Cadw, the Welsh Government's historic environment service, as a tourist attraction.
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Romanesque architecture is an architectural style of medieval Europe characterised by semi-circular arches. The term "Romanesque" is usually used for the period from the 10th to the 12th century with "Pre-Romanesque" and "First Romanesque" being applied to earlier buildings with Romanesque characteristics. Romanesque architecture can be found across the continent, diversified by regional materials and characteristics, but with an overall consistency that makes it the first pan-European architectural style since Imperial Roman Architecture. The Romanesque style in England is traditionally referred to as Norman architecture.
Northburgh Castle, also known as Green Castle or Greencastle Castle, is a ruined late 13th/early 14th-century castle in Greencastle, a village and fishing port in the north of Inishowen, County Donegal, on the north coast of Ireland. It was completed in 1305 by Richard Óg de Burgh, 2nd Earl of Ulster. Northburgh Castle was sited to control Lough Foyle, and to act as an enabler to de Burgh's plans for expansion. The rock outcrop/platform on which the castle is built was not big enough to incorporate the plans, so the gatehouse is below the main castle extents and has its first floor at the level of the main courtyard: the gate passage leads only to a small lower courtyard from which steps lead up to the main one. It was captured by Edward Bruce in 1316 who held the castle for two years until his death in 1318, after which it was recaptured by Richard. Walter Liath de Burgh was imprisoned in the castle in 1331 by his cousin William Donn de Burgh, 3rd Earl of Ulster, and died of starvation in February 1332. Anecdotally, that act is commemorated in the Derry City coat of arms as a skeleton. William's sister was found dead beneath the battlements. After William's death, the castle became a stronghold of the O'Doherty family.
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