Bathudi Tribe

Last updated
Bathudi
Bathudi House 01.jpg
House of Bathudi tribes at Adivasi Mela, Bhubaneswar
Total population
220,859 (2011) [1]
Regions with significant populations
Odisha217,395 [1]
Jharkhand3461 [1]
Languages
Odia, Regional languages (Hindi, Bengali, Kurmali, Ho)
Religion
Hinduism

The Bathudi or Bathuri is a community found mainly in the north western part of Odisha. Some Bathudis, however migrated to neighbouring states of Jharkhand and West Bengal. [2] The 2011 census showed their population to be around 220,859. They are classified as a Scheduled Tribe by the Indian government. [1]

Contents

History

The Bathudis' origin is uncertain. However they could be traced back the Panchpaidh (Panchpir) plateau of Mayurbhanj District and simlipal forest range. They migrated to neighbouring areas over time. [2]

Culture

The Bathudis believe that they are originated from arms of Brahma. [3] A section of Bathudi society have embraced Hinduism and worship Hindu gods and goddesses. While they observe some of the Hindu festivals and rituals, they have kept their animist beliefs. [4]

They are an endogamous society with separate exogamous sections. [5] Each exogamous section is called a khilli. More than 50 such sections have been recorded. Marriage within the same khilli is proscribed. Cousin marriage both from the paternal or maternal side is also taboo. Sororate marriage is practised but not strictly sanctioned by the society. Wedding ceremony takes place either in the house of the groom or the bride. Similar to a Hindu wedding, a Brahmin priest usually officiates in the ceremony. Marriage by service [6] and the system of Gharjuain is prevalent among them.[ citation needed ]

Karna Guru is an important figure in a Bathudi society. A Karna guru is a Baishnab Guru who initiates them with specific chants both before the start of important events such as education and weddings.

Birth pollution [7] is practised for nine days. But the mother is not allowed to enter the kitchen and touch the cooking pots for twenty one days. Naming ceremony of the child can happen on the ninth day or on twenty-first-day. The mother is prohibited from eating fish, sweets and ripe jackfruit for about two years after birth of child. She is, however, allowed to eat meat and leafy vegetables. [8]

Tradition of both burial and cremation are practised.

Most of the Bathudis speak a dialect of Odia; a few have taken to Ho language as their mother tongue. Bathudis of Jharkhand speak a dialect of Hindi and use Devnagari script. Some of them also speak Bengali and Kudmali. [2]

There houses are mainly made of mud walls and thatched roofs. Frequently decoration of multi-coloured floral designs are found on their walls. Typical household holds goods like stringed Charpoys; aluminium, bell metal and earthen utensils; bow and arrow, fishing tools, mats, etc. Male attire include cotton dhoti and the women wear sari. Women and girls use coloured ribbons, fresh flowers, paper/plastic flowers to style their hair. For ornaments prefer silver to gold. Tattooing known as Khada among them, is popular with the women. Bathudi girl tattoo one or two floral designs on their forehead or arm before marriage. [8]

A model of a Bathudi house Bathudi House 01.jpg
A model of a Bathudi house

The main source of income in the society is farming or related work. They mostly work as farm labourers. Women weave mats out of date palm leaves and prepare leaf cups and plates both for domestic use and sale. Making and selling rice products such as Chuda and Mudi is also another occupation for lean months. [8]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Santal people</span> Ethnic group of India, Nepal and Bangladesh

The Santal people are an Austroasiatic-speaking Munda ethnic group of the Indian subcontinent. Santals are the largest tribe in the Jharkhand and West Bengal in terms of population and are also found in the states of Odisha, Bihar and Assam. They are the largest ethnic minority in northern Bangladesh's Rajshahi Division and Rangpur Division. They have a sizeable population in Nepal. The Santals speak Santali, the most widely spoken Munda languages of Austro-asiatic language family.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Adivasi</span> Collective term for the tribes of India who are considered indigenous people of India

The Adivasi refers to heterogeneous tribal groups across the Indian subcontinent. The term is a Sanskrit word coined in the 1930s by political activists to give the tribal people an indigenous identity by claiming an indigenous origin. The term is also used for ethnic minorities, such as Chakmas of Bangladesh, Bhumiputara Khasas of Nepal, and Vedda of Sri Lanka. The Constitution of India does not use the word Adivasi, instead referring to Scheduled Tribes and Janjati. The government of India does not officially recognise tribes as indigenous people. The country ratified the International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention 107 on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples of the United Nations (1957) and refused to sign the ILO Convention 169. Most of these groups are included in the Scheduled Tribe category under constitutional provisions in India.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kurukh people</span> Indigenous (scheduled) tribe from India

The Kurukh or Oraon, also spelt Uraon or Dhangar, are a Dravidian speaking ethnolinguistic group inhabiting Chhotanagpur Plateau and adjoining areas - mainly the Indian states of Jharkhand, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, and West Bengal. They predominantly speak Kurukh as their native language, which belongs to the Dravidian language family. In Maharashtra, Oraon people are also known as Dhangad or Dhangar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Munda people</span> Ethnic group of India, Bangladesh and Nepal

The Munda people are an Austroasiatic-speaking ethnic group of the Indian subcontinent. They speak Mundari as their native language, which belongs to the Munda subgroup of Austroasiatic languages. The Munda are found mainly concentrated in the south and East Chhotanagpur Plateau region of Jharkhand, Odisha and West Bengal. The Munda also reside in adjacent areas of Madhya Pradesh as well as in portions of Bangladesh, Nepal, and the state of Tripura. They are one of India's largest scheduled tribes. Munda people in Tripura are also known as Mura.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kendujhar district</span> District of Odisha in India

Kendujhar District, is an administrative district of Odisha. The district is one of the fifth Scheduled Areas of Odisha. The town of Kendujhar is the district headquarters. The district has three sub-divisions, Anandapur, Champua, and Kendujhar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Weddings in India</span>

Weddings in India vary according to the region, the religion, the community and the personal preferences of the bride and groom. They are festive occasions in India, and in most cases celebrated with extensive decorations, colour, dresses, music, dance, costumes and rituals that depend on the community, region and religion of the bride and the groom, as well as their preferences. India celebrates about 10 million weddings per year, of which about 80% are Hindu weddings.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kalbelia</span> Dance from Rajasthan, India

The Kalbelia are a snake charming tribe from the Thar Desert in Rajasthan, India. The dance is an integral part of their culture and performed by men and women.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Korwa people</span> Ethnic group of India

The Korwa people are a Munda, a Scheduled Tribe ethnic group of India. They live mainly on the border between Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand. A small number of Korwa are also found in the Mirzapur district of Uttar Pradesh.

Chik Baraik is a community found in Indian State of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Odisha. They were traditionally Weaver.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bhumij people</span> Ethnic group of India

Bhumij is a Munda ethnic group of India. They primarily live in the Indian states of West Bengal, Odisha, and Jharkhand, mostly in the old Singhbhum district. Also in states like Bihar and Assam. There is also a sizeable population found in Bangladesh. Bhumijas speak the Bhumij language, an Austroasiatic language, and use Ol Onal script for writing.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bhumij language</span> Endangered Austroasiatic language of India


Bhumij is an Austroasiatic language belonging to the Munda subfamily, related to Ho, Mundari, and Santali, primarily spoken by Bhumij peoples in the Indian states Jharkhand, Odisha and West Bengal. As per the 2011 census, only 27,506 people out of 9,11,349 Bhumij people spoke Bhumij as their mother tongue, as most Bhumijas have shifted to one of the regional dominant languages. Thus the language is considered an extremely endangered language.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bhuiya</span> Indigenous community in India

The Bhuiyan or Bhuiya are an indigenous community found in the Indian states of Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal. They are not only geographically disparate but also have many cultural variations and subgroups.

The Pano (Odia:ପାଣ) are a Dalit community of Odisha. They are recognized as Scheduled Caste in Bihar, West Bengal and Jharkhand officially. They speak Odia.

Kanwar or Kawar is a tribal community found in central India, mainly in the state of Chhattisgarh, with significant populations in neighbouring areas of Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh.

The Sounti are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group found mainly in the districts of Kendujhar and Mayurbhanj, Odisha. The 2011 census showed their population to be around 112,803. They are classified as a Scheduled Tribe by the Indian government.

The Kora are an ethnic group found in the Indian states of West Bengal, Odisha and Jharkhand and the Bangladeshi division of Rajshahi. The 2011 census showed their population to be around 260,000. They are classified as a Scheduled Tribe by the Indian government.

The Binjhal is an ethnic group and an offshoot of the Austroasiatic Baiga tribe, are found mainly in many districts of Odisha, Chhatishgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra. The 2011 census showed their population to be around 137,040. They are classified as a Scheduled Tribe by the Indian government.

The Binjhia is an ethnic group found in Odisha and Jharkhand. The 2011 census showed their population to be around 25,835. They are classified as a Scheduled Tribe by the Indian government.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bagal (caste)</span> Cattle herding caste of East India

Bagal is a cattle herding caste of East India. Bagal people are living in the state of West Bengal, Jharkhand and Odisha. They use Kudmali / Manbhumi dialect of Bengali as mother tongue and use Bengali, Hindi and Odia language to communicate with the society.

Rajwar or Rajuar is a shifting cultivation community. The people of this community mainly live in Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha and West Bengal. In Odisha, they are recognized as a Scheduled Tribe, while in Bihar, Jharkhand, and West Bengal, they are classified as Scheduled Caste. In other states, the community is considered part of the Other Backward Classes (OBC) or general population.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India". www.censusindia.gov.in. Government of India. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
  2. 1 2 3 Minz, D.; Hansda, D.M. (2010). Encyclopaedia of Scheduled Tribes in Jharkhand. Kalpaz Publications. p. 37. ISBN   978-81-7835-121-6 . Retrieved 2019-07-14.
  3. ↑ Tribes of Orissa. Harijan and Tribal Welfare Department, Government Of Orissa. 1990. pp. 36–37. Retrieved 2019-07-14.
  4. ↑ Pati, R.N.; Dash, J. (2002). Tribal and Indigenous People of India: Problems and Prospects. A.P.H. Publishing Corporation. p. 62. ISBN   978-81-7648-322-3 . Retrieved 2019-07-14.
  5. ↑ Anthropological Survey of India (1998). Anthropology of small populations. Anthropological Survey of India, Ministry of Human Resource Development, Dept. of Culture, Govt. of India. p. 150. ISBN   9788185579467 . Retrieved 2019-07-14.
  6. ↑ Dash, K.N. (2004). Invitation to Social and Cultural Anthropology. Atlantic Publishers & Distributors (P) Limited. p. 66. ISBN   978-81-269-0323-8 . Retrieved 2019-07-14.
  7. ↑ Kaphle, Sabitra; Hancock, Heather; Newman, Lareen A. (2013). "Childbirth traditions and cultural perceptions of safety in Nepal: Critical spaces to ensure the survival of mothers and newborns in remote mountain villages". Midwifery. Elsevier BV. 29 (10): 1173–1181. doi:10.1016/j.midw.2013.06.002. hdl: 2328/27074 . ISSN   0266-6138. PMID   23845450.
  8. 1 2 3 "Kendujhar district census data". 2019-07-14. Archived from the original on 2019-07-14. Retrieved 2019-07-14.

Further reading

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.