 Hmar shawl | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
|---|---|
| India [1] | |
| Languages | |
| Hmar language | |
| Religion | |
| Christianity | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Mizo people |
Hmar people are a scheduled tribe ethnic group [2] [3] from the states of Manipur, [4] [5] Mizoram, [6] Assam, [7] and Meghalaya [8] in Northeast India. They use the Hmar language as their primary language.
According to the 2011 Indian Census, there were 98,988 Hmar speakers (as first language). [9] The Hmar population itself (including, Hmar people who speak Mizo language as their first language) roughly stands at 200,000-300,000. [10] Several critics and scholars point out that a significant population of the Hmar people are fully 'Mizonised' in Mizoram, hence do not reflect as "Hmar tribe" population, rather as "Any Mizo tribes" in Census reports.
Hmar people use the Hmar language, which closely resembles the Mizo language and uses the Roman script. [11] The script was introduced by British missionaries, including 'Pu Buanga' (James Herbert Lorrain), during the colonial era in India and is locally known as the 'A Aw B.' [12] Hmar language is within the Tibeto-Burman stock of languages. [13]
The majority of the Hmar people practice Christianity. [14] They were Christianized by Welsh missionaries in the 1910s (specifically at Senvawn village).
The Hmar people believe Sinlung to be their ancestral origin. [15]
| Name | Notes |
|---|---|
| HT Sangliana | Indian Cop and former Lok Sabha MP. A South Indian movie, Sangliyana, was made in honor of him. |
| Robert Romawia Royte | MLA from Mizoram and owner of Aizawl FC. |
| Ngurdinglien Sanate | Former Minister from Manipur. |
| Lalnghinglova Hmar | Current Minister of State (Sports) and MLA from Mizoram. |
| Ngursanglur Sanate | Current MLA from Manipur. |
| Bijoy Kumar Hrangkhawl | Politician from Tripura. |
| Pachhunga | First President of the Mizo Union. |
| Chaltonlien Amo | Former Minister from Manipur. [16] [17] |
| Lalmuanpuia Punte | Current Political Advisor [18] [19] to Lalduhoma and MLA, Mizoram. |
| K. Sapdanga | Current Deputy Chief minister, Mizoram. |
| M Keivom | an Ambassador of India. |
| Name | Contribution(s) |
|---|---|
| Lalremsiami | India women's national field hockey team player |
| Marina Lalramnghaki Hmar | India women's national field hockey team player |
| David Lalhlansanga | India national football team member |
| Alfred Lalroutsang | youngest ever player to play in the Indian Super League at the age of 16 years. |
| Lalrinliana Hnamte | Indian professional footballer. |
| Lalvarmoi Hmar | Indian professional footballer. |
| Lalram Luaha | Indian professional footballer |
| Hmar Zothanchhunga | Indian professional cricketer. |
| Name | Notes |
|---|---|
| Rochunga Pudaite | Included the Hmar people, Anāl people, and many others as one of the Schedule Tribes of India, 1956, and the founder of Bibles for the World. [20] |
| Lal Dena | Manipur historian. |
| Lalthlamuong Keivom | Former Indian diplomat and writer of Zoram Khawvel series. |
| Zirsangzela Hnamte | Author. |
| Lallukhum Fimate | Former Director, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences [21] and Zoram Medical College. [22] |
| Name | Notes |
|---|---|
| Mami Varte | Singer |
| Esther Hnamte | Singer |
| Lalruotmawi | Singer |
| Buonglienkung | Composer |
| Thangngur | Composer |
| Lienrum | Composer |
| Ruolngul | Faiheng | Tlau | Fatlei |
| Banzang | Sinate | Famhawite (Famhoite) | Chonghmunte |
| Lamchangte | Sanate |
| Saivate | Khawral | Khawkheng | Tuollai |
| Tuimuol | Bapui | Tusing | Khawlum |
| Sekong | Seling | Thlangnung | Salhmar |
| Dulien | Aimuol | Khawhrang | Sote |
| Thanghnieng |
| Sanate | Saingur | Zallien | Bungran |
| Chiluon | Singa | Tuolthla | Para Thla |
| Pusingathla | Saidangthla |
| Ponatu | Phuoitong | Dumker | Cholkha |
| Lungen | Thlaute | Midang | Leidir |
| Suokling | Chunthang | Lozun | Pieltel |
| Milai | Rawlsim | Khintung | Zahrin |
| Fenate (Fente) | Pangamte | Pazamte | Riengsete |
| Laising | Muolphei | Phunte (Punte) | Bunglung |
| Sierthlang | Siersak |
| Hrangchal | Laiasung | Sielasung | Darasung |
| Tungte | Sungte | Suomte | Tlawmte |
| Chawnsim |
| Pieltu | Sawrte | Buite | Arro |
| Zate | Aite | Hnungte | Seldo |
| Pusiete | Chuonkhup | Singphun | Hriler |
| Chawnghau | Chawngvawr | Buonsuong | Chawngtuol |
| Barkhawlai | Tlangte | Parate | Saihmang (Saiate, Sailung, Saite) |
| Ngaiate | Chawnhnieng | Darte | Darkhawlai |
| Vaithang | Thangsuok | Maubuk | Hrangngam |
| Hrangdo | Hrangate | Chawngsieksim | Ngaite (Hauler, Tlurha, Saichawnkhup, Sailientuol) |
| Hmangte | Chante (Chamte) | Hrangsote | Parate (Bualthang, Khawtial, Rualngai, Zani) |
| Neingaite | Puruolte | Pudaite | Pulamte |
| Puhnuongte | Thlandar |
| Zilchung | Zilhmang | Ngulthuom | Ngaithuom |
| Hrawte | Hranhnieng | Chaileng | Thangngen |
| Kellu | Armei |
| Athu | Amaw (Amo) | Tuolor | Thilsong |
| Buhril | Hekte | Ralsun | Chawnghekte |
| Thluchung (TC) | Kungate | Selate | Tuolte |
| Ṭaite | Hnamte | Kangbur | Khawzawl |
| Lalum | Laldau | Saibung | Vankal |
| Pangote | Pangulte | Khawbuol | Pakhumate |
| Khumthur | Khumsen | Thlihran | Tamte |
| Hmante | Chawnnel | Zate |
| Mihriemate | Songate | Infimate (Fimate) | Nungate |
| Intoate | Lungchuong | Inbuon | Pasulate |
| Keivawm (Keivom) | Tamhrang | Sielhnam | Theisiekate |
| Thlawngate | Khumsen | Khumthur | Sunate |
| Name | Picture | Original Designer |
|---|---|---|
| Hmarpuon | | Fimneizo |
| Thangsuopuon | ||
| Ngoteker | ||
| Puonlaisen | ||
| Hmaram |
The Hmar language(Northern Mizo) belongs to the Mizo language branch of the Sino-Tibetan family of languages. The speakers of this language use Mizo language as their second language (L2).
The Mizo people, historically known as the Lushais, are a Tibeto-Burman ethnic group native to the state of Mizoram in India and neighbouring states of Northeast India. They speak the Tibeto-Burman language of Mizo, the official language and lingua franca of Mizoram. The state is the second most literate state in India, at more than a rate of 90%.
The Hmar Students' Association (HSA), established in Imphal, Manipur, India, is a large student organisation among the indigenous Hmar people.
Tipaimukh Sub-Division is located in south-western hilly region of Manipur bordering the Indian state of Mizoram. It is one of the six tribal development blocks of Churachandpur district in Manipur state. Parbung is the sub-divisional block headquarters. The total geographic area of the sub-division block is 789.48 km², having 55 villages with the total population of 23,995 approx. The total number of voters is 18,848. The total distance from the Parbung to the district headquarters town of Churachandpur is 247 km through the Tipaimukh Road, also known as NH 150.
Sinlung is the supposed 'ancestral origin' of the Hmar people, the Chin people, etc. The exact location is unknown, but it is believed somewhere in southern China. Several narratives of Sinlung have been 'enshrined' largely in Hmar folklore, such as the Sikpui Hla.
Rochunga Pudaite was an Indian minister of Hmar descent. He translated the Bible into the Hmar language and founded Bibles for the World. He was a renowned speaker and an evangelist. His organisation, Bibles for the World, has allowed distribution of the Christian Bible to millions of people around the world, by mailing them Bibles in their languages.
Zo is a Northern Kuki-Chin-Mizo language originating in western Burma and spoken also in Mizoram and Manipur in northeastern India.
Churachandpur, locally known as Lamka is the second largest town in the Indian state of Manipur and the district headquarters of the Churachandpur District. The name "Churachandpur" was transferred from the earlier headquarters of the district at Songpi to the present location, and honours Churachand Singh, former maharaja of the Manipur princely state. The local people reject the name as a colonial imposition and prefer using the native name "Lamka".
The Hmar People's Convention (HPC) was established as a political party in December 1986. The organisation was converted from the previous organisation Mizoram Hmar Association.
The Zo people is a term to denote the ethnolinguistically related speakers of the Kuki-Chin languages who primarily inhabit northeastern India, western Myanmar, and southeastern Bangladesh.
The Biates are an ethnic hill tribe of Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Tripura and Manipur. Their language belongs to the Tibeto-Burman family. Spread over many parts of North-East India, they have a unique identity with a rich and distinctive history, culture, dialect and religious heritages. They are one of the oldest hill tribes of North East India especially among the Chin-Kuki-Mizo people. The term Biate comes from the word Bia-te. The word ‘Bia’ or ‘Biak’ means ‘speak’ or ‘worship’. ‘Te’ is a suffix denoting plurality. Hence, the two words combine to form the word Biate, which means worshipper.
National Highway 2 is a national highway in India that runs from Dibrugarh in Assam to Tuipang in Mizoram. This national highway passes through the Indian states of Assam, Nagaland, Manipur and Mizoram. This national highway is 1,325.6 km (823.7 mi) long. Before renumbering of national highways, NH-2 was variously numbered as old national highways 37, 61, 39, 150 and 54.
Watkin R. Roberts was a Welsh missionary responsible for the initial Christian converts among the Hmar and other sister tribes in the Churachandpur district and Pherzawl districtof Southern Manipur, India. His ministry there touched the family of Rochunga Pudaite who ultimately developed a script for the tribal language with which Pudaite translated the New Testament.
The Anāl is a Naga tribe native to Manipur state in North-East India and part of Myanmar. They are listed as a Scheduled Tribe, in accordance with The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Orders (Amendment) Act, 1976 Indian Constitution. The Anāl tribe is one of the 'sixty six Naga tribes' of the Naga ancestral homeland. The members of this tribe are found both in India and Myanmar. In India, they are situated in the States of Manipur and Nagaland but mostly concentrated in the former. In the State of Manipur, the Anāl Naga population concentrated in Chandel and a few Anāl villages are located in its neighbouring districts, Churachandpur district has about three villages and Thoubal district has one or two.
Pherzawl district is located in the southern part of the state of Manipur. It is bounded on the east by Churachandpur District; on the north by Tamenglong District, Noney District and Jiribam district; on the west by the Cachar District of Assam and on the South by Sinlung Hills, Mizoram. Pherzawl District has approximately 200 villages.
Jiribam District is a district at the western periphery state of Manipur, India. It borders the Cachar district of Assam on the west, and serves as the western gateway for Manipur. Formerly a subdivision of the Imphal East district, it was made an independent district in December 2016.
Lal Dena is a historian of modern South Asia with special interest in Manipur and Mizoram. He is a retired professor of Manipur University and the former Vice Chancellor of Sangai International University, Churachandpur. He is from the Hmar tribe.
The hill tribes of Northeast India are hill people, mostly classified as Scheduled Tribes (STs), who live in the Northeast India region. This region has the largest proportion of scheduled tribes in the country.
Senvawn is a Hmar village in Pherzawl district, Northeast India and is attributed to be the 'birthplace' of Christianity in Southern Manipur. The initial Christian converts among the Hmar and other sister tribes was made by a Welsh missionary Watkin Roberts in 1910. Senvon is also the 8th District Council Constituency (DCC) in the Churachandpur Autonomous District Council. According to the 2011 census, Senvawn holds 498 households
Borobekra, also spelt Barabekra, is a village in the Jiribam district in Manipur, India, and the headquarters of an eponymous subdivision. It is about 30 km south of Jiribam, the headquarters of the district. The village is on the bank of the Barak River, near the confluence of a tributary that flows down from the Vangaitang range to the east. The Barak River flows north in this region, up to Jirimukh, where it turns northwest. The Barak River also forms the border with the Assam state of India.
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