| Blennothallia | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Blennothallia crispa | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Peltigerales |
| Family: | Collemataceae |
| Genus: | Blennothallia Trevis. (1853) |
| Type species | |
| Blennothallia crispa | |
| Species | |
B. crispa Contents | |
Blennothallia is a genus of jelly lichens in the family Collemataceae. It has four species, which collectively have a cosmopolitan distribution. [1]
The genus was circumscribed in 1853 by Italian botanist Vittore Trevisan de Saint-Léon. [2] Although Trevisan did not select a type species for the genus, Lichen crispus was selected as lectotype in 2013. [3] The genus corresponds to the Colema crispum species group recognized in 1954 by Gunnar Degelius. [4] Molecular phylogenetic analysis shows that Blennothallia forms a well-supported lineage together with Scytinium and Lethagrium in the family Collemataceae. [3]
Blennothallia species have a dark olive-green to black thallus that typically measures 2–5 cm (0.8–2.0 in) in diameter, comprising rounded lobes that are 0.5 mm (0.02 in) wide. The thallus lacks a cortex, and the medulla is paraplectenchymatous (fungal tissue with a cellular structure superficially like the parenchyma of vascular plants). The photobiont partner is a member of the cyanobacteriaa genus Nostoc , which occurs in clusters. Ascospores, which number eight per ascus, are either in the size range 15–20 by 7–9 μm or 26–40 by 10–18 μm. [3]
Blennothallia lichens grow on the ground and on rocks, but rarely on bark. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution, but is most frequently encountered in temperate regions. [3]
The Cladoniaceae are a family of lichenized fungi in the order Lecanorales. It is one of the largest families of lichen-forming fungi, with about 560 species distributed amongst 17 genera. The reindeer moss and cup lichens (Cladonia) belong to this family. The latter genus, which comprises about 500 species, forms a major part of the diet of large mammals in taiga and tundra ecosystems. Many Cladoniaceae lichens grow on soil, but other can use decaying wood, tree trunks, and, in a few instances, rocks as their substrate. They grow in places with high humidity, and cannot tolerate aridity.
Collema is a genus of lichens in the family Collemataceae. The photobiont is the cyanobacterium genus Nostoc.
The Pannariaceae are a family of lichens in the order Peltigerales. Species from this family have a widespread distribution, but are especially prevalent in southern temperate regions.
The Collemataceae are a lichenized family of fungi in the order Peltigerales. The family contains ten genera and about 325 species. The family has a widespread distribution.
The Baeomycetales are an order of mostly lichen-forming fungi in the subclass Ostropomycetidae, in the class Lecanoromycetes. It contains 8 families, 33 genera and about 170 species. As a result of molecular phylogenetics research published in the late 2010s, several orders were folded into the Baeomycetales, resulting in a substantial increase in the number of taxa.
The Mycocaliciaceae are a family of seven genera and about 90 species of fungi in the order Mycocaliciales.
Everniopsis is a fungal genus in the family Parmeliaceae. It consists of a single species, the bark-dwelling lichen Everniopsis trulla, which occurs in Africa and South America.
Xanthopyreniaceae is a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Collemopsidiales. The family was circumscribed by lichenologist Alexander Zahlbruckner in 1926.
Leptogium is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Collemataceae. It has about 110 species.
Staurolemma is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Pannariaceae. The genus was circumscribed by German lichenologist Gustav Wilhelm Körber in 1867, with Staurolemma dalmaticum as the type species.
Arctomia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Arctomiaceae. The genus was originally circumscribed by Theodor Magnus Fries in 1861. Arctomia has a circumpolar distribution.
The Caliciaceae are a family of mostly lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes in the division Ascomycota. Although the family has had its classification changed several times throughout its taxonomic history, the use of modern molecular phylogenetic methods have helped to establish its current placement in the order Caliciales. Caliciaceae contains 36 genera and about 600 species. The largest genus is Buellia, with around 300 species; there are more than a dozen genera that contain only a single species.
Vahliella is a genus of nine species of lichenized fungi in the order Peltigerales. It is the only member of the Vahliellaceae, a family circumscribed in 2011 to contain this genus. Vahliella was formerly placed in the family Pannariaceae until molecular phylogenetics showed that it did not belong there. Vahliella species are found in the Northern Hemisphere – mainly in North America, but also in Europe and India.
Allocalicium is a lichen genus in the family Caliciaceae. It is monotypic, containing the single pin lichen species Allocalicium adaequatum.
Pseudothelomma is a genus of crustose pin lichens in the family Caliciaceae. It currently contains two species. The genus was circumscribed in 2016 by lichenologists Maria Prieto and Mats Wedin. The generic name Pseudothelomma refers to its resemblance to genus Thelomma, where the two species used to be classified. Both species grow on dry exposed wood, particularly fence posts.
Enchylium is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Collemataceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution.
Scytinium is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Collemataceae. It has 49 species.
Lathagrium is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Collemataceae. It has 10 species.
Calycidium is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Sphaerophoraceae. It has two species. It is one of the few lichen genera containing foliose (leafy) species that produce a mazaedium – a powdery mass of spores. Both species occur in Australasia and South America, where they grow on tree bark or on mosses.
Lepidocollema marianum is a species of cyanolichen in the family Pannariaceae. It was first scientifically described by Elias Fries in 1825 as Parmelia mariana. Per Magnus Jørgensen transferred it to the genus Lepidocollema in 2014 following a molecular phylogenetics-guided revision of the Pannariaceae.