| Bolivian earthcreeper | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Furnariidae |
| Genus: | Tarphonomus |
| Species: | T. harterti |
| Binomial name | |
| Tarphonomus harterti (Berlepsch, 1892) | |
 | |
| Synonyms | |
Ochetorhynchus harterti | |
The Bolivian earthcreeper (Tarphonomus harterti) is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Argentina and Bolivia. [2]
The Bolivian earthcreeper has at times been placed in genera Ochetorhynchus and Upucerthia but since the early 2000s has been placed in its current Tarphonomus. [3] It has at times been considered conspecific with the other member of Tarphonomus, the Chaco earthcreeper (T. certhioides). The two of them are sisters to the rusty-winged barbtail (Premnornis guttuliger), and these three are in turn sisters to the tuftedcheeks of genus Pseudocolaptes . [3] [2]
The Bolivian earthcreeper is about 16 cm (6.3 in) long and weighs 22 to 26 g (0.78 to 0.92 oz). It is a small earthcreeper with a long and very slightly decurved bill. The sexes' plumages are alike. Adults have a wide buff supercilium on a mostly dark brownish face. Their crown is dark brown, their back and rump rich brown, and their uppertail coverts reddish brown. Most of their tail feathers have rufous-chestnut bases that blend to fuscous brown ends; the outermost pair are entirely rufous-chestnut. Their wings are rich brown with dark rufous bases on the flight feathers. Their throat and cheeks are white. Their breast and belly are pale cinnamon-buff, their flanks rufescent brown, and their undertail coverts dull rufous. Their iris is brown, their maxilla blackish, their mandible pale with a blackish tip, and their legs and feet brownish-olive or gray. [4]
The Clements taxonomy places the Bolivian earthcreeper only in the Andes of the southern Bolivian departments of Cochabamba, Santa Cruz, and Chuquisaca. [5] The IUCN also places it only in Bolivia. [1] The International Ornithological Committee and the South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society extend its range in northern Argentina. [2] [6]
The Bolivian earthcreeper inhabits arid montane scrublands that include short deciduous woodland. In elevation it ranges between 1,400 and 3,000 m (4,600 and 9,800 ft). [4]
The Bolivian earthcreeper is a year-round resident throughout its range. [4]
The Bolivian earthcreeper's diet is almost entirely arthropods but it has also been recorded feeding on tiny molluscs. It usually forages alone as it gleans and probes for prey on the ground and in rock crevices. [4]
Nothing is known about the Bolivian earthcreeper's breeding biology, though it is assumed to nest during the austral summer.
The Bolivian earthcreeper's song is "a series of 7–15 loud, dry, clear, penetrating 'zeet' notes that increase in intensity, descend in pitch, ending in chatter". Its call is "a sharp 'bzeeeeeep' or 'dzyoot', repeated frequently". It also makes a "rodent-like, wheezy, piercing whistle, 'dzeea' ". [4]
The IUCN has assessed the Bolivian Earthcreeper as being of Least Concern, though it has a somewhat limited range and an unknown population size that is believed to be decreasing. No immediate threats have been identified. [1] It is considered uncommon. It is "subject to overgrazing and clearance for firewood possibly throughout its small geographical range. Nevertheless, this species appears to tolerate moderate to severe disturbance by humans." [4]
The speckled chachalaca is a species of bird in the family Cracidae, the chachalacas, guans, and curassows. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
The semicollared puffbird is a species of near-passerine bird in the family Bucconidae, the puffbirds, nunlets, and nunbirds. It is one of seven species of the genus Malacoptila. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, and Peru.
The blackish nightjar is a species of bird in the family Caprimulgidae. It is found in Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.
The rufous-bellied nighthawk, sometimes also Taczanowski's nighthawk, is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
The rufous-banded owl is a species of owl in the family Strigidae. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
The rufous-sided crake is a species of bird in subfamily Rallinae of family Rallidae, the rails, gallinules, and coots. It is found in every mainland South American country except Chile.
Hoffmanns's woodcreeper is a Vulnerable species of bird in the subfamily Dendrocolaptinae of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is endemic to Brazil.
The planalto woodcreeper is a sub-oscine passerine bird in subfamily Dendrocolaptinae of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay.
The band-tailed earthcreeper is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Argentina and Chile.
The puna miner is a passerine bird in the subfamily Sclerurinae, the leaftossers and miners, of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Peru.
The bar-bellied woodcreeper is a species of bird in the subfamily Dendrocolaptinae of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
The uniform woodcreeper is a species of bird in the subfamily Dendrocolaptinae of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Bolivia and Brazil.
The rock earthcreeper is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Argentina and Bolivia, and as a vagrant in Chile.
The Chaco earthcreeper is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, and Paraguay, and as a vagrant in Brazil.
The straight-billed earthcreeper is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Peru.
The rufous-tailed xenops is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela, and possibly French Guiana.
Zimmer's woodcreeper is a Near Threatened species of bird in the subfamily Dendrocolaptinae of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, and Peru.
The Duida woodcreeper is a species of bird in the subfamily Dendrocolaptinae of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela, and possibly Colombia.
The dusky-capped woodcreeper is a species of bird in the subfamily Dendrocolaptinae of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Bolivia and Brazil.
The western striolated puffbird is a species of bird in the family Bucconidae, the puffbirds, nunlets, and nunbirds. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
