Bona Malwal

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It is necessary for the Government of Southern Sudan, therefore, led by the SPLM/SPLA that was largely responsible for the war atrocities within Southern Sudan, to now establish a truth and reconciliation commission, to lay to rest the ghosts of war and to enable the society to reconcile and to move on

Bona Malwa, during the 15th anniversary commemoration of the death of Joseph Oduhow [58]

In October 2008, Malwal voiced concerns about the potential arrest warrant for al-Bashir by the International Criminal Court (ICC). He dismissed the ICC's move as a politically motivated and defended al-Bashir, claiming that indicting him would target Sudan as a sovereign nation and could negatively impact existing peace agreements. He emphasises that al-Bashir, as a leader, could not be able to order the extermination of any group. [56] On 4 March 2009, al-Bashir became the first sitting head of state to be indicted by the ICC, for directing a campaign of mass killing, rape, and pillage against civilians in Darfur. [59] [1]

Malwal was the co-director for the al-Bashir campaign for April 2010 Sudanese general election which al-Bashir won. [19] Malwal accompanied al-Bashir during his South Sudan campaign visit to Juba, Yambio, Rumbek, Tonj, and Kuacjok. [60] Malwal also stood for election for National Legislature in Warrap but later withdrew his candidacy citing "detention and harassment" by the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA), [61] which the SPLA denies. [62] Malwal facilitated the reconciliation between 23 southern political parties and armed factions, and the SPLA. [7] [11]

In June 2011, after South Sudan was declared and recognised following the 2011 South Sudanese independence referendum, Malwal announced that he was retiring from politics. [3] In his retirement statement, Malwal warned against "tribal politics", and, reflecting on his time working with al-Bashir, he praised al-Bashir saying that "I commend his [al-Bashir] wisdom, fortitude, perseverance and statesmanship and applaud him and thank him for this." [63]

Political views

Malwal has been known for his strong political stances, which have sparked controversies as evidenced by his disagreement with Hassan al-Turabi [37] :167 [64] and Sadiq al-Mahdi [19] for their role in imposing Islam and Arabic language on the south. Following the National Reconciliation in 1977 which brought al-Mahdi and al-Turabi back to politics, Malwal criticised the Arab countries, saying that they talk about Arab-Muslim Sudan as if the south were without people. He also stated that "the Arabs are biased towards the north, and call for the unity of Sudanese soil without regard for the southerners," noting that "the timing of the Arab contribution to development in the south raises doubts about their intentions." Regarding the situation of southerners in Sudan, he said, "During the colonial era, we were second-class citizens, but now we are fourth-class citizens." [65]

Since the inception of the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) was founded in 1983, [66] Malwal has had long held sharp opinions against the group and its leader John Garang. Malwal accused the northern government and John Garang's movement of not being serious about achieving peace in South Sudan. [58] [65] In letters shared by the two that later became public, Malwal also urged Garang's deputy, Salva Kiir Mayardit, to oppose Garang. [7] In 2001, Malwal filled a defamation lawsuit and an injunction to restrain against Garang and Michael George Garang Deng. [67] Leaked diplomatic cables described him as a sworn enemy of Garang. [68] Following Garang death in 2005, in an official press release from the Chairman of Dinka Caucus of Mainstream Democratic Forum in the US, they alleged that Malwal attended Garang's funeral "to laugh at his dead body". [69] However, Malwal later reconciled with Garang's widow in 2019. [66]

Malwal has advocated for self-determination and secession of South Sudan. [25] [70] Malwal has faced criticism from political analysts and individuals who questioned his intentions and divisive politics. [71] These criticisms highlight concerns about the impact of his divisive political rhetoric and actions in fuelling conflicts. [72] [73] [74] [71] [75] For example, he has been accused of spreading hate messages against certain ethnic groups, such as the Nuer people. [76] In an article published in the Sudan Tribune in 2007, the Dinka members of the South Sudan Democratic Forum (SSDF) voiced their strong disapproval of Malwal, a prominent figure in the SSDF. They attributed the split within the party to Malwal's actions. The Dinka members accuse him of potentially jeopardising the party's electoral chances due to his association with a controversial government and making statements that could alienate Southerners. They further condemn Malwal for his past "racist" and "tribalistic" views towards other ethnic groups, particularly the Nuer and Equatorians. [69]

Malwal is also a member of the Jieng Council of Elders, [74] which is accused of widening the division between the Dinka and Nuer, [77] [78] [79] [80] [81] and undermining the United Nations Mission in South Sudan. [82]

Furthermore, a report suggested that Malwal and Francis Deng fuelled the Abyei conflict, between the Twic Mayardit Dinka of Warrap state and the Ngok Dinka, through their publications. [83] [84] In December 2017, Malwal stated in a press conference in Khartoum that Abyei, a region claimed by both Sudan and South Sudan, is part of Sudan. [85] The statement angered South Sudanese politicians. [74] [86] [87] [88]

Personal life

Malwal is Catholic. [19] [7] He is married to Salwa Gabriel Berberi, [89] an international law expert [90] and diplomat in the South Sudanese government. [7] His son, Akuei, is a South Sudanese diplomat [19] and served as the Permanent Representative of South Sudan to the United Nations from 2016 [91] to 2023. [92] His other son, Makol, is a trustee of the Sudanese Programme. [93] [94] His daughter, Sandra, is the Secretary General of the Sudan People's Liberation Movement-Democratic Change Party (Lam Akol faction). [95] His other daughter, Natalina, is an Executive Board Member and President of the Southern Sudanese Community in Montgomery County, Maryland, US. [96]

According to Malwal, his sister, who was a nurse, was captured into slavery. [97]

In the memory of the British anthropologist Godfrey Lienhardt (1921–1993), who extensively studied and wrote about the Dinka in southern Sudan, Malwal translated three Dinka songs about Lienhardt into English. [98]

Books

See also

Notes

  1. 1938, [3] 1937, [4] and 1935 [5] [6] were also mentioned as Malwal year of birth.
  2. Other sources mention that Malwal did his bachelor's at St. John's University (New York City) [10] [4]

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Bona Malwal
Born
Bona Malwal Madut Ring

1928 (age 9596)
Education Indiana University (1963)
Columbia University (BA & MA, 1969)
Occupations
  • Journalist
  • Politician
Organization(s) St Antony's College, Oxford
Columbia University
Political party Jieng Council of Elders
Southern Sudan Democratic Forum
Southern Front
Movement South Sudanese self-determination
Opponents
Board member of
  • Sudan Democratic Gazette (1989–2001)
  • The Sudan Times (1986–1989)
  • Sudanow Magazine (1976–1978)
  • Al Sahafa (1974)
  • The Vigilant (1965–1969)
  • Sudan Daily (1961)
SpouseSalwa Gabriel Berberi
Parent
  • Madut Ring (father)
Minister of Culture and Information
In office
May 1973 July 1978