Bona Malwal

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It is necessary for the Government of Southern Sudan, therefore, led by the SPLM/SPLA that was largely responsible for the war atrocities within Southern Sudan, to now establish a truth and reconciliation commission, to lay to rest the ghosts of war and to enable the society to reconcile and to move on

— Bona Malwa, during the 15th anniversary commemoration of the death of Joseph Oduhow [58]

In October 2008, Malwal voiced concerns about the potential arrest warrant for al-Bashir by the International Criminal Court (ICC). He dismissed the ICC's move as a politically motivated and defended al-Bashir, claiming that indicting him would target Sudan as a sovereign nation and could negatively impact existing peace agreements. He emphasises that al-Bashir, as a leader, could not be able to order the extermination of any group. [56] On 4 March 2009, al-Bashir became the first sitting head of state to be indicted by the ICC, for directing a campaign of mass killing, rape, and pillage against civilians in Darfur. [59] [1]

Malwal was the co-director for the al-Bashir campaign for April 2010 Sudanese general election which al-Bashir won. [19] Malwal accompanied al-Bashir during his South Sudan campaign visit to Juba, Yambio, Rumbek, Tonj, and Kuacjok. [60] Malwal also stood for election for National Legislature in Warrap but later withdrew his candidacy citing "detention and harassment" by the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA), [61] which the SPLA denies. [62] Malwal facilitated the reconciliation between 23 southern political parties and armed factions, and the SPLA. [7] [11]

In June 2011, after South Sudan was declared and recognised following the 2011 South Sudanese independence referendum, Malwal announced that he was retiring from politics. [3] In his retirement statement, Malwal warned against "tribal politics", and, reflecting on his time working with al-Bashir, he praised al-Bashir saying that "I commend his [al-Bashir] wisdom, fortitude, perseverance and statesmanship and applaud him and thank him for this." [63]

Political views

Malwal has been known for his strong political stances, which have sparked controversies as evidenced by his disagreement with Hassan al-Turabi [37] : 167  [64] and Sadiq al-Mahdi [19] for their role in imposing Islam and Arabic language on the south. Following the National Reconciliation in 1977 which brought al-Mahdi and al-Turabi back to politics, Malwal criticised the Arab countries, saying that they talk about Arab-Muslim Sudan as if the south were without people. He also stated that "the Arabs are biased towards the north, and call for the unity of Sudanese soil without regard for the southerners," noting that "the timing of the Arab contribution to development in the south raises doubts about their intentions." Regarding the situation of southerners in Sudan, he said, "During the colonial era, we were second-class citizens, but now we are fourth-class citizens." [65]

Since the inception of the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) was founded in 1983, [66] Malwal has had long held sharp opinions against the group and its leader John Garang. Malwal accused the northern government and John Garang's movement of not being serious about achieving peace in South Sudan. [58] [65] In letters shared by the two that later became public, Malwal also urged Garang's deputy, Salva Kiir Mayardit, to oppose Garang. [7] In 2001, Malwal filled a defamation lawsuit and an injunction to restrain against Garang and Michael George Garang Deng. [67] Leaked diplomatic cables described him as a sworn enemy of Garang. [68] Following Garang death in 2005, in an official press release from the Chairman of Dinka Caucus of Mainstream Democratic Forum in the US, they alleged that Malwal attended Garang's funeral "to laugh at his dead body". [69] However, Malwal later reconciled with Garang's widow in 2019. [66]

Malwal has advocated for self-determination and secession of South Sudan. [25] [70] Malwal has faced criticism from political analysts and individuals who questioned his intentions and divisive politics. [71] These criticisms highlight concerns about the impact of his divisive political rhetoric and actions in fuelling conflicts. [72] [73] [74] [71] [75] For example, he has been accused of spreading hate messages against certain ethnic groups, such as the Nuer people. [76] In an article published in the Sudan Tribune in 2007, the Dinka members of the South Sudan Democratic Forum (SSDF) voiced their strong disapproval of Malwal, a prominent figure in the SSDF. They attributed the split within the party to Malwal's actions. The Dinka members accuse him of potentially jeopardising the party's electoral chances due to his association with a controversial government and making statements that could alienate Southerners. They further condemn Malwal for his past "racist" and "tribalistic" views towards other ethnic groups, particularly the Nuer and Equatorians. [69]

Malwal is also a member of the Jieng Council of Elders, [74] which is accused of widening the division between the Dinka and Nuer, [77] [78] [79] [80] [81] and undermining the United Nations Mission in South Sudan. [82]

Furthermore, a report suggested that Malwal and Francis Deng fuelled the Abyei conflict, between the Twic Mayardit Dinka of Warrap state and the Ngok Dinka, through their publications. [83] [84] In December 2017, Malwal stated in a press conference in Khartoum that Abyei, a region claimed by both Sudan and South Sudan, is part of Sudan. [85] The statement angered South Sudanese politicians. [74] [86] [87] [88]

Personal life

Malwal is Catholic. [19] [7] He is married to Salwa Gabriel Berberi, [89] an international law expert [90] and diplomat in the South Sudanese government. [7] His son, Akuei, is a South Sudanese diplomat [19] and served as the Permanent Representative of South Sudan to the United Nations from 2016 [91] to 2023. [92] His other son, Makol, is a trustee of the Sudanese Programme. [93] [94] His daughter, Sandra, is the Secretary General of the Sudan People's Liberation Movement-Democratic Change Party (Lam Akol faction). [95] His other daughter, Natalina, is an Executive Board Member and President of the Southern Sudanese Community in Montgomery County, Maryland, US. [96]

According to Malwal, his sister, who was a nurse, was captured into slavery. [97]

In the memory of the British anthropologist Godfrey Lienhardt (1921–1993), who extensively studied and wrote about the Dinka in southern Sudan, Malwal translated three Dinka songs about Lienhardt into English. [98]

Books

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ 1938, [3] 1937, [4] and 1935 [5] [6] were also mentioned as Malwal year of birth.
  2. ↑ Other sources mention that Malwal did his bachelor's at St. John's University (New York City) [10] [4]

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  65. 1 2 "ونا ملوال وزير الإعلام السوداني السابق: العرب منحازون للشمال كأنما الجنوب بلا بشر" [Bona Malwal, former Sudanese Minister of Information: Arabs are biased toward the North, as if the South had no human beings]. Middle East. Archived from the original on 22 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  66. 1 2 "مصالحة تاريخية في الجنوب بين بونا ملوال وأرملة قرنق - النيلين" [Historic reconciliation in the south between Bona Malwal and Garang's widow] (in Arabic). 9 September 2019. Archived from the original on 2 May 2022. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
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  68. ↑ Wël, PaanLuel (5 September 2011). "Wikileak on Bona Malwal". PaanLuel Wël Media Ltd - South Sudan. Archived from the original on 27 January 2022. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  69. 1 2 SudanTribune (21 June 2007). "Dinka caucus of Democratic Forum condemn Bona Malwal". Sudan Tribune. Retrieved 20 July 2023.
  70. ↑ زكي, بحيري، (2010). مشكلة جنوب السودان: بين التراث التاريخي والتطورات السياسية، 1955-2011 (in Arabic). ركائز المعرفة للدراسات والبحوث ؛. p. 184. ISBN   978-977-200-621-2. Archived from the original on 18 March 2024. Retrieved 18 March 2024.
  71. 1 2 SudanTribune (16 November 2005). "A moral case against Bona Malwal". Sudan Tribune. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
  72. ↑ SudanTribune (13 July 2007). "South Sudan: Bona Malwal takes over the SPLA". Sudan Tribune. Archived from the original on 3 December 2021. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
  73. ↑ "THE ARCHITECT OF A DIVIDED SOUTH SUDAN,BONA MALWAL, SPEW FIRES IN THE USA". southsudanliberty.com. Archived from the original on 18 March 2024. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
  74. 1 2 3 SudanTribune (6 January 2018). "Sayed Bona Malwal: A Sudanese Desperately Dreaming of Re-annexing South Sudan to Sudan". Sudan Tribune. Retrieved 20 July 2023.
  75. ↑ Allen, Tim (1989). "Full Circle?: An Overview of Sudan's 'Southern Problem' Since Independence". Northeast African Studies. 11 (2): 41–66. ISSN   0740-9133. JSTOR   43660274. Archived from the original on 18 March 2024. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
  76. ↑ southsudannews (26 March 2015). "The Architect of a Divided South Sudan, Bona Malwal". South Sudan News Agency. Archived from the original on 10 July 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
  77. ↑ "South Sudan experiencing ethnic cleansing, UN report says". Star Tribune. 7 March 2017. Archived from the original on 8 March 2017. Retrieved 9 March 2017.
  78. ↑ Post, Sudans (22 February 2021). "FULL-TEXT: Jieng Council of Elders statement on South Sudan crisis". Sudans Post. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
  79. ↑ "[southsudankob] Jieng Council of Elders reject IGAD proposal on S. Sudan". www.mail-archive.com. Archived from the original on 18 March 2024. Retrieved 18 March 2024.
  80. ↑ Thiong, Daniel Akech (22 July 2016). "Politics of fear in South Sudan". open Democracy.
  81. ↑ "Dinka council of elders welcomes Kiir's decision firing ministers allied to Machar". Radio Tamazuj. 4 August 2016. Archived from the original on 15 March 2017. Retrieved 9 March 2017.
  82. ↑ "Letter dated 19 September 2016 from the Panel of Experts on South Sudan established pursuant to Security Council resolution 2206 (2015) addressed to the President of the Security Council" (PDF). United Nations Security Council . 19 September 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 18 March 2024.
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  84. ↑ "A year of agreements dishonoured". Small Arms Survey. Archived from the original on 22 July 2023. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  85. ↑ SudanTribune (9 December 2017). "South Sudan's Bona Malwal maintains Abyei part of Sudan". Sudan Tribune. Retrieved 20 July 2023.
  86. ↑ SudanTribune (11 December 2017). "Response to Bona Malual statements on Abyei". Sudan Tribune. Archived from the original on 9 November 2022. Retrieved 20 July 2023.
  87. ↑ says, Gordon Buay (10 December 2017). "Abyei and Bona Malwal: Are South Sudanese Sacrificing the Abyei Dinka to Khartoum?". PaanLuel Wël Media Ltd - South Sudan. Archived from the original on 22 July 2023. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  88. ↑ الهامش, صوت (2 February 2018). "سيد بونا ملوال: السوداني الذى يحلم بإعادة ضم جنوب السودان للسودان(3-3)" [Sayed Bona Malwal: The Sudanese who dreams of re-annexing southern Sudan to Sudan]. صوت الهامش (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 22 July 2023. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  89. ↑ SudanTribune (15 April 2011). "S. Sudan: Why the regional cooperatio?n undersecre?tary was axed". Sudan Tribune. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
  90. ↑ Post, Sudans (15 July 2022). "Makuei clashes with experts during closing session of public consultation". Sudans Post. Archived from the original on 18 March 2024. Retrieved 18 March 2024.
  91. ↑ "United Nations Photo - H.E. Mr. Akuei Bona Malwal, PR, Republic of South Sudan". dam.media.un.org. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
  92. ↑ "New Permanent Representative of South Sudan Presents Credentials to the Director-General of the United Nations Office at Geneva | UN GENEVA". www.ungeneva.org. 13 June 2023. Archived from the original on 28 June 2023. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
  93. ↑ "News". sudanese-programme. Archived from the original on 17 March 2024. Retrieved 18 March 2024.
  94. ↑ "THE SUDANESE PROGRAMME - Charity 1177019". register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 18 March 2024. Retrieved 18 March 2024.
  95. ↑ SudanTribune (19 September 2011). "Three leading members resign from the opposition SPLM-DC". Sudan Tribune. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
  96. ↑ Wël, PaanLuel (7 September 2011). "Natalina Malwal awarded Pan African Diaspora Community Award". PaanLuel Wël Media Ltd - South Sudan. Archived from the original on 1 November 2020. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
  97. ↑ Bombay, Cal (13 April 2011). Let My People Go: A True Account of Present-Day Terrorism in Sudan. Crown Publishing Group. p. 99. ISBN   978-0-307-77822-2.
  98. ↑ Firth, Raymond (1999). "Special Issue of JASO in Memory of Godfrey Lienhardt". Anthropology Today. 15 (3): 14. ISSN   0268-540X. JSTOR   2678277. Archived from the original on 23 August 2023. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
Bona Malwal
Born
Bona Malwal Madut Ring

1928 (age 95–96)
Twic State, Bahr El Ghazal, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (now South Sudan)
Education Indiana University (1963)
Columbia University (BA & MA, 1969)
Occupations
  • Journalist
  • Politician
Organization(s) St Antony's College, Oxford
Columbia University
Political party Jieng Council of Elders
Southern Sudan Democratic Forum
Southern Front
Movement South Sudanese self-determination
Opponents
Board member of
  • Sudan Democratic Gazette (1989–2001)
  • The Sudan Times (1986–1989)
  • Sudanow Magazine (1976–1978)
  • Al Sahafa (1974)
  • The Vigilant (1965–1969)
  • Sudan Daily (1961)
SpouseSalwa Gabriel Berberi
Parent
  • Madut Ring (father)
Minister of Culture and Information
In office
May 1973 –July 1978
International
National
Academics
Other
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