| Bronzy jacamar | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Piciformes |
| Family: | Galbulidae |
| Genus: | Galbula |
| Species: | G. leucogastra |
| Binomial name | |
| Galbula leucogastra Vieillot, 1817 | |
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The bronzy jacamar (Galbula leucogastra) is a species of bird in the family Galbulidae. It occurs in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela. [2] [3]
The bronzy jacamar is monotypic. It and purplish jacamar (Galbula chalcothorax) were formerly considered conspecific; they now form a superspecies. [4] Birds in eastern Brazil along the Tapajós River were suggested as a subspecies but were not accepted as such. In addition, the species is thought to have hybridized with green-tailed jacamar (G. galbula) in Suriname. [3]
The bronzy jacamar is 19 to 22 cm (7.5 to 8.7 in) long and weighs 15 to 18 g (0.53 to 0.63 oz). The male's crown and face are dark metallic greenish blue. The rest of the upper parts and the breast are metallic bronzy green and sometimes have a slight purple gloss. It has a black chin and white throat and belly; the latter appears speckled with black. The female differs by having the sides of the face dark gray and the throat and belly buff or yellowish. [3]
According to a 2016 map, the bronzy jacamar is found in southern Venezuela, far eastern Colombia, much of west-central Brazil, far northern Bolivia, and far southeastern Peru. [3] However, there are eBird reports across southern Colombia and one in Ecuador since then that have not been further evaluated. [5]
The bronzy jacamar is found in a wide variety of habitats. Cornell University's Birds of the World describes them as "Edges and clearings of primary and secondary terra firme and várzea ( igapó ) forests, white-sand campinarana in Amazonia, wooded savannas and (at least in coastal French Guiana) marshes scattered with woodlots, regularly along streams and rivers in lowlands; locally to 900 m [2950 ft]. Occurs locally in gallery forest, dry forest and cerrado in Brazil, where it occupies light undergrowth and open lower canopies." [3]
The bronzy jacamar's diet includes a wide variety of flying insects, but "perhaps fewer Lepidoptera or Odonata than do other Galbula species." It perches on exposed branches by itself or in small groups, typically between 2 and 10 m (6.6 and 32.8 ft) high, and sallies out to catch its prey. It sometimes joins mixed-species foraging flocks. [3]
Three bronzy jacamar nests have been described. Two of them were in arboreal termite nests and the third was in a epiphytic bromeliad on a tree trunk. At one in a termite nest both adults fed the nestling; at the bromeliad nest the female fed the nestlings. [3]
The bronzy jacamar apparently has two songs. One is "ascending and accelerating whistling notes" that end with a trill . The other is described as "weeee, weep-pip-pweeeeee, weep-pip-pweeeeee, weep-pip-pweeeeee" . A call is . [3]
The IUCN has assessed the bronzy jacamar as being of Least Concern. [1] It appears to be uncommon in most of its range and "may suffer to some extent from overall habitat loss." [3]
