Buellia stellulata

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Buellia stellulata
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes
Order: Caliciales
Family: Caliciaceae
Genus: Buellia
Species:
B. stellulata
Binomial name
Buellia stellulata
(Taylor) Mudd

Buellia stellulata, commonly known as the disc lichen [1] ) is a species of crustose lichen that is widely distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere. [2]

Morphology

Thallus

The thallus is crustose, areolate, and thin to moderately thickened, often forming a continuous layer. The prothallus is conspicuous and black, strongly developed in most specimens, growing between the areoles to form a hypothallus. The thallus surface is usually white to whitish gray, rarely dark gray, and can be dull or slightly shiny. The thallus is epruinose and phenocorticate, and lacks soredia. [3] [4]

Medulla

The medulla is white and lacks calcium oxalate. [3]

Apothecia

The apothecia exhibit a lecideine structure, with a diameter ranging from (0.2-)0.3-0.4(-0.5) mm. They are typically immersed to adnate, occasionally found in a sessile form. The margin may appear black or masked by grayish remnants of necrotic thalline material, forming a thin and usually persistent boundary, occasionally excluded as they mature. The disc is characterized by a black, epruinose surface, typically flat but occasionally developing a slight convexity over time. Within the apothecia, the proper exciple appears narrow and lacks differentiation, resembling the aethalea-type. The inner excipular hyphae are narrow, hyaline, and often prosoplectenchymatous, exhibiting structural and orientational similarities to the paraphyses. The hypothecium is characterized by a deep reddish-brown color, described as leptoclinos-brown with a textura intricata. Outer excipular hyphae are arranged parallelly, moderately swollen (textura oblita), and heavily carbonized, displaying a range of brown shades and aeruginose pigments. [4] [3]

Epihymenium

The epihymenium is brown, with pigmentation continuous with the outer exciple. [3]

Hymenium

The hymenium is hyaline and not inspersed with oil droplets. The paraphyses are simple to moderately branched, with apically swollen tips containing a brown pigment cap. [3]

Asci and ascospores

The asci are clavate, Bacidia-type, and 8-spored. The ascospores soon become brown, 1-septate, oblong to ellipsoid, usually not constricted, with obtuse ends, and not curved, measuring (8-)8.7-[9.9]-11.1(-13) x (4.5-)4.8-[5.5]-6.1(-7) μm. The proper septum is narrow and does not thicken during spore ontogeny (Buellia-type). The spore ornamentation is microrugulate. [3]

Chemistry

The lichen contains the secondary metabolites atranorin, 2'-O-methylperlatolic acid, [lower-alpha 1] and confluentic acid. Spot tests are K+ yellow (sometimes weak), P- or + faintly yellow, C-, KC-, and CK-. UV fluorescence is -(dark). [3]

Substrate and ecology

Buellia stellulata, an epilithic lichen, thrives on siliceous rock surfaces (typically HCl-) and is commonly found in coastal regions. However, its habitat is not restricted solely to seashore environments. [3]

Distribution

Buellia stellulata exhibits a broad distribution across the Northern Hemisphere. Within the Sonoran region, this species is notably present in coastal areas spanning from southern California to Baja California and Baja California Sur. [3] [2]

See also

Notes and references

Note

  1. ↑ Buellia stellulata is very similar to Buellia spuria , but differs in containing 2'-O-methylperlatolic acid rather than stictic or norstictic acid, and having a I- medulla. Specimens reported from inland localities as B. stellulata actually belong to B. spuria. [3]

Related Research Articles

<i>Buellia</i> Genus of lichens

Buellia is a genus of mostly lichen-forming fungi in the family Caliciaceae. The fungi are usually part of a crustose lichen. In this case, the lichen species is given the same name as the fungus. But members may also grow as parasites on lichens (lichenicolous). The algae in the lichen is always a member of the genus Trebouxia.

<i>Roccella</i> (lichen) Genus of lichens in the family Roccellaceae

Roccella is a genus of 23 species of lichens in the family Roccellaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Swiss botanist Augustin Pyramus de Candolle in 1805, with Roccella fuciformis as the type species.

Pertusaria cerroazulensis is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Pertusariaceae. Found on the Galápagos Islands, it was formally described as a new species in 2015 by Frank Bungartz, Alan W. Archer, Alba Yánez-Ayabaca, and John Elix. The type specimen was collected from the Cerro Azul volcano at an altitude of 1,038 m (3,406 ft), where in a small, shaded woodland, it was growing on twigs of Psidium galapageium. The species epithet refers to the type locality.

Buellia peregrina is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Caliciaceae. It is found in the Namib desert in Namibia.

Tetramelas flindersianus is a saxicolous (rock-dwelling) crustose lichen species in the family Physciaceae. First described scientifically in 2020, it is found in Australia.

Tetramelas gariwerdensis is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Physciaceae, described in 2020. It is found in the Grampian Mountains in western Victoria, Australia.

Buellia cravenii is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Caliciaceae. It is found in Australia. The lichen spreads up to 3.5 cm wide thick, forming a continuous, grey-white cracked pattern of areoles.

Buellia eldridgei is a rare species of terricolous (ground-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Caliciaceae, known to occur only in Queensland, Australia.

Buellia kowenensis is a rare species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Caliciaceae. It is only known to occur at its original collection site in the Australian Capital Territory of Australia.

Buellia lordhowensis is a little-known saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen species in the family Caliciaceae, first described in 2020. It is only known to occur on Lord Howe Island, Australia.

Buellia phillipensis is a little-known species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Caliciaceae, described in 2020. It is only known to occur on Phillip Island in the Southwest Pacific.

Amandinea pilbarensis is a little-known species of crustose lichen in the family Physciaceae, First described in 2020, it is found in Australia. It is similar to Amandinea polyxanthonica, but can be distinguished by its smaller ascospores and the presence of calcium oxalate and thiophanic acid in the medulla.

<i>Flavoplaca oasis</i> Species of lichen

Flavoplaca oasis is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is widely distributed across Europe, and has been reported in Western Asia, China, and North Africa.

<i>Glaucomaria carpinea</i> Species of lichen

Glaucomaria carpinea is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Lecanoraceae. It is a widely distributed species.

Buellia subalbula is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Caliciaceae. It occurs in coastal southern Africa, South America, and Australia, where it grows on calcareous rocks.

<i>Buellia oidalea</i> Species of crustose lichen

Buellia oidalea is a species of crustose lichen found along the Pacific coast of North America, from Coos County, Oregon to Baja California Sur.

Buellia nashii is a species of lichen characterized by its crustose thallus, typically found in the Sonoran Desert Region and adjacent areas. It was first described by Bungartz et al. The species is named in honor of Dr. Thomas H. Nash III, a notable lichenologist and the Ph.D. supervisor of the author.

<i>Buellia aethalea</i> Species of fungus

Buellia aethalea is a species of lichen that belongs to the family Caliciaceae. It is commonly known as darkened button lichen, and Buellie noircie in French. The lichen's familiar nickname is inspired by the appearance of its surface, adorned with small black spots reminiscent of buttons.

Buellia bahiana is a crustose-type lichen species that frequently grows on the bark and wood of trees found in coastal and inland forest habitats. This lichen species exhibits a broad geographic distribution, being documented in various pantropical and subtropical regions around the world. Specific areas where Buellia bahiana has been recorded include parts of Australia, Africa, North America, Central America, South America, and several Pacific Island chains.

<i>Myochroidea</i> Genus of lichens

Myochroidea is a genus of lichen-forming fungi of uncertain familial placement in the order Lecanorales. It has four species of grey or brown-grey crustose lichens.

References

  1. ↑ disc lichen - Encyclopedia of Life (eol.org)
  2. 1 2 Nash, T.H., Ryan, B.D., Gries, C., Bungartz, F., (eds.) 2004. Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region. Vol 2.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "Consortium of Lichen Herbaria - Buellia stellulata". lichenportal.org. Retrieved 2024-03-14.
  4. 1 2 Mudd, W. 1861: A manual of British lichens, description of all the species and varieties, five plates, with figures of the spores of one hundred and thirty species, illustrative of the genera. - Darlington. 1-309 pp. [Mattick Rec. # 33113] - (Recent Literature on Lichens - Mattick No.) (PDF file)
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