Buff-tailed coronet

Buff-tailed coronet
Boissonneaua flavescens flavescens, Colombia
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) [1]
CITES Appendix II (CITES) [2]
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Clade:	Strisores
Order:	Apodiformes
Family:	Trochilidae
Genus:	Boissonneaua
Species:	B. flavescens
Binomial name
Boissonneaua flavescens (Loddiges, 1832)

The buff-tailed coronet (Boissonneaua flavescens) is a species of hummingbird in the "brilliants", tribe Heliantheini in subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela. ^{[3] [4]}

Taxonomy and systematics

The buff-tailed coronet shares genus Boissonneaua with two other coronets, the chestnut-breasted (B. matthewsii) and velvet-purple (B. jardini). It has two subspecies, the nominate B. f. flavescens and B. f. tinochlora. ^[3]

• 
  B. f. flavescens
  Colombia
• 
  B. f. flavescens
  Colombia
• 
  B. f. flavescens
  Colombia
• 
  B. f. tinochlora
  Ecuador

Description

The buff-tailed coronet is 11 to 12 cm (4.3 to 4.7 in) long and weighs 7.3 to 8.8 g (0.26 to 0.31 oz). Both sexes have a short, straight, black bill and a small white spot behind the eye. Males of the nominate subspecies are mostly shining green, with a buff belly spotted with green. The underwing coverts are cinnamon and show in flight. The central tail feathers are bronzy and the rest buff with bronze tips and edges. It has small white tufts on the legs. The nominate female has more buff on the underparts and the bronze of the tail is less extensive. The buff parts of both sexes of B. f. tinochlora have a cinnamon cast and there is more bronze on the tail feathers' tips. ^[5]

Distribution and habitat

The nominate subspecies of buff-tailed coronet is found from the Andes of western Venezuela's Mérida state south and west through all three Andean ranges of Colombia. B. f. tinochlora is found from southwestern Colombia south along the west slope of the Andes as far as Cotopaxi Province in central Ecuador and also in a few places on Ecuador's eastern Andean slope. The species inhabits the interior and edges of humid to wet montane forest, cloudforest, and elfin forest. It also occurs in more open shrubby landscapes. In elevation it ranges from 2,000 to 3,500 m (6,600 to 11,500 ft). ^[5]

Behavior

Movement

The buff-tailed coronet is sedentary. ^[5]

Feeding

The buff-tailed coronet is highly territorial, though it may share feeding at a flowering tree with other hummingbirds. It typically forages in the mid-story but also feeds in the canopy. Its main nectar sources are in genera Cavendishia, Palicourea, Disterigma, and Huilaea. It feeds by clinging to the flower, holding its wings open for a second or two after landing. In addition to nectar it captures small insects by hawking from a perch. ^{[5] [6]}

Breeding

Buff-tailed coronet breeding behavior has been recorded between November and March. It builds a cup nest of moss and lichen that is usually attached to a branch between 3 and 10 m (10 and 30 ft) above the ground. The female incubates the clutch of two eggs. ^[5]

Songs and calls Listen to buff-tailed coronet on xeno-canto

Vocalization

What is thought to be the buff-tailed coronet's song is "a continuous series of single high-pitched 'tsit' notes". It sometimes sings with several others of its species nearby. It also makes a "squeaky twittering, with rising piping notes and stuttering rattles", especially when interacting with other hummingbirds. ^{[5] [6]}

Status

The IUCN has assessed the buff-tailed coronet as being of Least Concern, though its population size and trend are not known. No immediate threats have been identified. ^[1] It is considered rare to locally common in different parts of its large range. It occurs in at least one protected area in Colombia. ^[5]

References

1. BirdLife International (2016). "Buff-tailed Coronet Boissonneaua flavescens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22687868A93172791. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22687868A93172791.en . Retrieved 3 May 2022.
2. "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
3. Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P., eds. (January 2022). "Hummingbirds". IOC World Bird List. v 12.1. Retrieved January 15, 2022.
4. HBW and BirdLife International (2020) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world Version 5. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v5_Dec20.zip [.xls zipped 1 MB] retrieved 27 May 2021
5. Heynen, I. and P. F. D. Boesman (2020). Buff-tailed Coronet (Boissonneaua flavescens), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.butcor1.01 retrieved 3 May 2022
6. Ridgley, Robert; Greenfield, Paul J. (2001). The Birds of Ecuador Field Guide. Vol. II. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. p. 277. ISBN   978-0-8014-8721-7.