Bye Bye Birdie (1963 film)

Last updated

Bye Bye Birdie
Bye Bye Birdie Film Poster.jpg
Theatrical release poster
Directed by George Sidney
Screenplay by Irving Brecher
Based on Bye Bye Birdie
by Michael Stewart
Produced by Fred Kohlmar
Starring
Cinematography Joseph Biroc
Edited byCharles Nelson
Music by
Production
company
The Kohlmar-Sidney Company
Distributed by Columbia Pictures
Release dates
  • April 4, 1963 (1963-04-04)
(Radio City Music Hall, New York City) [1] [2]
Running time
112 minutes
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Budget$5 million [3]
Box office$13.1 million

Bye Bye Birdie is a 1963 American musical romantic comedy film directed by George Sidney from a screenplay by Irving Brecher, based on Michael Stewart's book of the 1960 musical of the same name. It also features songs by composer Charles Strouse and lyricist Lee Adams, and a score by Johnny Green. Produced by Fred Kohlmar, the film stars Janet Leigh, Dick Van Dyke, Ann-Margret, Maureen Stapleton, Bobby Rydell, Jesse Pearson, and Ed Sullivan. Van Dyke and featured player Paul Lynde reprised their roles from the original Broadway production.

Contents

The story was inspired by Elvis Presley being drafted into the United States Army in 1957. Jesse Pearson plays the role of teen idol Conrad Birdie, whose character name is a word play on country singer Conway Twitty, who was, at that time, a teen idol pop artist. [4]

The film was Van Dyke's feature film debut and helped make Ann-Margret a superstar during the mid-1960s. Her performance earned a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actress and her next role was with Presley in Viva Las Vegas .

In 2006, the film was ranked number 38 on Entertainment Weekly 's list of the 50 Best High School Movies. [5]

Plot

In 1962, popular rock and roll superstar Conrad Birdie receives an Army draft notice, devastating his teenage fans nationwide. Despite his doctorate in biochemistry, unsuccessful songwriter Albert Peterson schemes with his secretary and long-suffering girlfriend Rosie DeLeon to have Conrad sing a song Albert will write. Rosie convinces Ed Sullivan to have Conrad perform Albert's song "One Last Kiss" on The Ed Sullivan Show and then kiss a randomly chosen high school girl goodbye before joining the Army. After this succeeds, Albert will feel free to marry Rosie, despite his widowed, meddlesome mother Mae's long history of interfering with her son's life.

Columbus, Ohio, is chosen as the location for Conrad's farewell performance. The random lucky girl chosen, Kim MacAfee, is thrilled, unlike her high school sweetheart, Hugo Peabody. The teenagers of nearby Sweet Apple, blissfully unaware of their town's impending fame, are spending the "Telephone Hour" discussing the latest gossip: Kim and Hugo have just gotten pinned (a tradition where a boy gives a girl his fraternity pin, indicating a serious commitment to each other) [6] and Kim feels grown up ("How Lovely to Be a Woman").

Upon Conrad's arrival, the teenage girls sing their anthem, "We Love You Conrad", while the boys express their dislike of him ("We Hate You Conrad!"). Sweet Apple becomes very popular, but some local adults are unhappy with the sudden celebrity, especially after Conrad's song "Honestly Sincere" and his hip-thrusting moves cause every woman, including the mayor's wife, to faint.

Pressured by the town's leading citizens, Kim's father Harry declines to allow her to kiss Conrad on television, until Albert placates him by promising that his "whole family" will be on Sullivan's TV show ("Hymn for a Sunday Evening"). Albert reveals to Harry that he is actually a biochemist who has developed a miracle supplement for domestic animals that will make a hen lay three eggs a day; they test it on the family's pet tortoise, which speeds out the door. Harry, a fertilizer salesman, sees a great future for himself marketing this pill with Albert.

Hugo feels threatened by Conrad, but Kim reassures him that he is the "One Boy" for her. Rosie, meanwhile, feels unappreciated by Albert, who persuades her to "Put on a Happy Face". Albert's mother Mae shows up, distressed to find the pair together; Harry is also agitated about Conrad's monopoly of his house and Kim's behavioral changes. Both lament the problems with "Kids" today.

During rehearsal for the broadcast, an impatient Conrad kisses Kim (who swoons). Hugo is hurt and Kim breaks up with him. Later that night, at the local malt shop, Conrad, Kim, Hugo, and many of their friends assert that they have "A Lot of Livin' to Do". Meanwhile, after being informed the Russian Ballet has switched to a different dance requiring extra time, therefore eliminating Conrad's song and farewell kiss to Kim, Albert unsuccessfully attempts to convince the Ballet's manager to shorten its performance. Afterwards, he dejectedly decides to drown his sorrows at Maude's Madcap Café, a local bar.

Surprisingly, he finds Mae there, playing canasta with the owner Mr. Maude, also a widower. Rosie, fed up with Albert and his mother, also goes to the café for "a night to remember". After ordering three drinks (but only gulping down one), Rosie goes into another room where the Shriners convention is taking place. She starts dancing and flirting with the men ("Sultans' Ballet"), but when the scene becomes too wild, Albert rescues her from the crazed Shriners.

The next day, Rosie formulates how to get back Conrad's spot on The Ed Sullivan Show that evening. She slips one of Albert's pills into the orchestra conductor's milk, which speeds up the ballet, amusing the audience, offending the Russians and placing Conrad back on the show to sing "One Last Kiss". However, just as Conrad is about to kiss Kim, Hugo runs onstage and punches Conrad, knocking him out on the live telecast, which shocks Albert and Rosie.

Kim and Hugo reunite. Albert is free to marry now ("Rosie") and his mother agrees, revealing her own marriage to Mr. Maude. All three couples live happily ever after. Kim, now wiser, bids Conrad a fond goodbye in "Bye Bye Birdie (Reprise)".

Cast

In addition, in uncredited cameo appearances as themselves, are two CBS personalities: former ABC News anchor turned CBS game show host John Daly, doing a live news report from in front of the United States Capitol; and The Ed Sullivan Show orchestra leader Ray Bloch, reprising that role.

Musical numbers

  1. "Bye Bye Birdie" – Kim
  2. "The Telephone Hour" – Ursula and Sweet Apple Kids
  3. "How Lovely to Be a Woman" – Kim
  4. "We Love/Hate You Conrad" - Kim, Ursula, Hugo and Sweet Apple Kids
  5. "Honestly Sincere" – Conrad
  6. "Hymn for a Sunday Evening" – Harry, Doris, Kim and Randolph
  7. "One Boy" – Kim, Hugo and Rosie
  8. "Put on a Happy Face" – Albert and Rosie
  9. "Kids" – Harry, Mae, Albert and Randolph
  10. "One Last Kiss (Gym Rehearsal)" – Conrad
  11. "A Lot of Livin' to Do" – Conrad, Kim, Hugo and Sweet Apple Kids
  12. "Shriner's Ballet" – Rosie (non-vocal dance number)
  13. "One Last Kiss" – Conrad
  14. "Rosie" – Albert, Rosie, Kim and Hugo
  15. "Bye Bye Birdie (Reprise)" – Kim

Differences from stage musical

Several significant changes were made in the plot and character relationships in the film from the stage version. The film was rewritten to showcase the talents of rising star Ann-Margret, adding the title song for her and dropping songs by certain other characters.

Production

According to Ann-Margret, she was cast when director George Sidney saw her dancing while on a date at the Sands Casino on New Year's Eve 1961. [7]

Sidney was so smitten with the rising new star that Janet Leigh was "very upset that all the close-ups were going to Ann-Margret", as Leigh herself was the lead star of the film. [8]

Sidney says originally he was only going to produce and Gower Champion would direct, but Champion told Sidney he could not see it as a film, so Sidney stepped in. "That was a great deal of fun," said Sidney. "It was a young people's picture, with a lot of bright, gay noisy cast members yelling and screaming." [9]

Ann-Margret was paid $3,500 a week and earned $85,000 in all. [10]

Reception

Bye Bye Birdie grossed $233,825 in its opening week at Radio City Music Hall in New York, a house record at that time. [11] It was the 8th highest-grossing film of 1963, grossing $13.1 million domestically, [12] of which distributor Columbia Pictures received $6.2 million in rentals. [13]

On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes , 86% of 29 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 6.7/10.The website's consensus reads: "A poppy satire on pop music, Bye Bye Birdie is silly, light, and very, very pink." [14] According to Filmink Ann-Margret "stole the show". [15] Wanda Hale of the New York Daily News gave the comedy a full four-star rating and said it "bubbles over with the vitality of youth and the fun of farce as it creates a teenage furor over a hip-twisting, leering rock 'n' roll male singer." [2] Philip K. Scheuer of the Los Angeles Times said it "should repeat the success It scored on the stage and is in the smash class with 'West Side Story' and 'The Music Man.'" [16] A user of the Mae Tinee pseudonym in the Chicago Tribune said "the music is pleasant, the dances are spritely, and it's all amiable, light entertainment." [17] Ken Barnard of the Detroit Free Press stated that it "offers an attractive and tuneful means of saying bye, bye to the summer doldrums for a couple of hours." [18] Margo Miller of The Boston Globe called the film "fantasy as Hollywood can best serve up, slick and funny." [19] Harold Whitehead of the Montreal Gazette said it was "a quite handsome film with not too many drawbacks" but noted that Ann-Margret "is much too frenetic for our taste. When she calms down a little, she will probably be really something for the musical screen." [20] Michael P. Feiner of the Montreal Star called it "a gay musical—sometimes farcical, sometimes mildly satirical, sometimes merely entertaining, but most of the time fun to watch." [21] A critic for the Buffalo Evening News called it a "hilarious song-and-dance show" that "exaggerates youth's exuberance and carries its infectious exhilaration to the audience." [22]

The film received generally mixed-to-positive reviews in the state of Ohio itself. Brainard Platt of the Dayton Journal-Herald said it was "an excellent follow-up to the hit stage play of the same name" and a "real fun show for the whole family". [23] E.B. Radcliffe of The Cincinnati Enquirer said the film "should be on your list of planned holiday fun" and called it a "good farce". [24] Dale Stevens of The Cincinnati Post criticized the film for lacking the satirical edge of the musical, but said "this is unquestionably among the smash films of the year" and "should be the teenage sensation of the century". [25]

A more mixed review of the film was offered by David Cobb of the Toronto Daily Star , who liked Ann-Margret's and Leigh's performances, its humor and the musical numbers; as for everything else, he said "it is professionally, smoothly accomplished [but not] very engaging or dramatically interesting". [26] Richard Roud of The Guardian said, "I wonder if anyone will remember any scenes from Bye Bye Birdie (Odeon, Marble Arch) in 20 years. I doubt it. Birdie is no On the Town , no Singing in the Rain , no Funny Face . But in a year as barren of American musicals as 1963 (and 1962 for that matter) it looks pretty good [...] and it makes quite a pleasant evening out." [27] Bosley Crowther of The New York Times praised several of the musical numbers but wrote that "unfortunately, Mr. Sidney and his scriptwriter, Irving Brecher, have allowed the essence of this spirited musical comedy of Michael Stewart to get away from them. Not only do they lose Conrad Birdie in the mazes of their rearranged plot, but they lose the essential idea of satire and the pace and sparkle of the show." [1] Les Wedman of the Vancouver Sun was more negative in his remarks, saying that the musical "as served up In the movie version, is a bit of a turkey, well-dressed but flavored with chestnuts and overdone to the point where it fell apart to reveal a pretty flimsy skeleton." [28] Dickson Terry of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch said it "starts out to be a hilarious satire on the Elvis-type rock and roll singers and their swooning teen-age audiences but somewhere along the way it loses its bearings and turns into just another musical." [29] Stanley Eichelbaum of the San Francisco Examiner wrote that "producer Fred Kohlmar has clumsily transformed 'Bye Bye Birdie' from a clever musical satire on American teenagers into a comic-strip movie for adolescents. It's true that certain vestiges of the stage work's devastating humor and vitality have crept Into the film at the Fox Warfield and Mission Drive-In. But on the whole, director George Sidney and screenwriter Irving Brecher have bludgeoned the original into semiconsciousness. Happily, no one tried too hard to spoil the bouncy score by Charles Strouse and Lee Adams. The musical numbers are the best part of the film and Onna White's choreography, which brightens most of the songs, is fresh and attractively original. And since the cast is generally young and eager—with Ann-Margret doing a surprisingly competent job as a nimble Ohio 15-year-old—the movie isn't exactly a total loss. But what it misses most is Gower Champion's sleek, galvanic direction, which kept the stage musical moving like a fine Swiss watch." [30]

Accolades

AwardCategoryNominee(s)Result
Academy Awards [31] Best Scoring of Music – Adaptation or Treatment Johnny Green Nominated
Best Sound Charles Rice Nominated
Golden Globe Awards [32] Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy Nominated
Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy Ann-Margret Nominated
Laurel Awards Top Comedy4th Place
Top MusicalNominated
Top Female Comedy PerformanceAnn-MargretNominated

In addition, the film was given a Royal Charity Premiere when released in the U.K. on 7 November 1963, at the Odeon Marble Arch, in the presence of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ann-Margret</span> Swedish actress, singer, and dancer (born 1941)

Ann-Margret Olsson, credited as Ann-Margret, is a Swedish-American actress and singer. She has won five Golden Globe Awards and been nominated for two Academy Awards, two Grammy Awards, a Screen Actors Guild Award, and six Emmy Awards, winning in 2010 for a guest role in Law & Order: Special Victims Unit.

<i>Bye Bye Birdie</i> 1960 musical

Bye Bye Birdie is a stage musical with music by Charles Strouse and lyrics by Lee Adams, based upon a book by Michael Stewart.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dick Van Dyke</span> American actor and comedian (born 1925)

Richard Wayne Van Dyke is an American actor and comedian. His career has spanned over seven decades in film, television, and stage. Van Dyke is the recipient of a Golden Globe, Tony, Grammy, a Daytime Emmy, and four Primetime Emmys. He was inducted into the Television Hall of Fame in 1995 and the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2012. He was honored with the Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award in 2013, the Kennedy Center Honors in 2021, and was recognized as a Disney Legend.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chita Rivera</span> American actress, dancer and singer (1933–2024)

Dolores Conchita Figueroa del Rivero, known professionally as Chita Rivera, was an American actress, singer, and dancer. Rivera received numerous accolades including two Tony Awards, two Drama Desk Awards, and a Drama League Award. She was the first Latina and the first Latino American to receive a Kennedy Center Honor in 2002, and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2009. She won the Tony Award for Lifetime Achievement in 2018.

<i>Viva Las Vegas</i> 1964 film by George Sidney

Viva Las Vegas is a 1964 American rock and roll musical film, with auto racing thrown in, directed by George Sidney, choreographed by David Winters, and starring Elvis Presley, Ann-Margret, Cesare Danova, William Demarest. Set in Las Vegas, Nevada, the film tells about two competing race car drivers who also compete for the same girl.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bobby Rydell</span> American singer and teen idol (1942–2022)

Robert Louis Ridarelli, known by the stage name Bobby Rydell, was an American singer and actor who mainly performed rock and roll and traditional pop music. In the early 1960s, he was considered a teen idol. His most well-known songs include "Wildwood Days", "Wild One" and "Volare" ; in 1963 he appeared in the musical film Bye Bye Birdie.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">George Sidney</span> American film director and producer (1916–2002)

George Sidney was an American film director and producer who worked primarily at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. His work includes cult classics Bye Bye Birdie (1963) and Viva Las Vegas (1964). With an extensive background in acting, stage direction, film editing, and music, Sidney created many of post-war Hollywood's big budget musicals, such as Annie Get Your Gun (1950), Show Boat (1951), Kiss Me Kate (1953); Jupiter's Darling (1955), and Pal Joey (1957). He was also a president of the Screen Directors Guild for 16 years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marty Wilde</span> British rock and roll singer (born 1939)

Marty Wilde, is a British singer and actor. He was among the first generation of British pop stars to emulate American rock and roll, scoring several 1950s and 1960s hit singles including "Endless Sleep", "Sea of Love" and "Bad Boy". During the late 1960s to early 1980s, Wilde continued to record and, with Ronnie Scott, co-wrote hit singles for others including the Casuals' "Jesamine" and Status Quo's "Ice in the Sun". He is the father of pop singer Kim Wilde and co-wrote many of her hit singles including "Kids in America" with his son Ricky. He continues to perform and record.

Forbidden Hollywood is a parody show that opened Off-Off-Broadway and was taped live in Hollywood. It was created by Gerard Alessandrini, who also created the popular series of Off-Broadway parodies of Broadway theatre, Forbidden Broadway. But this production, instead of spoofing Broadway, lampooned popular films such as Forrest Gump, Sense and Sensibility, Pulp Fiction, Casablanca, The Wizard of Oz and Disney's Aladdin, and songs featured in them, although most of the score consists of songs from musicals used to comment on the films. It also spoofs movie stars like Tom Hanks, Keanu Reeves, Barbra Streisand, Ann-Margret and Whoopi Goldberg. A New York Times reviewer wrote that although the production had funny moments, "the tone that defines the show is a glib disaffection for Hollywood", lamenting that the show missed the opportunity to use more songs from films, and concluding: "It's fine if Mr. Alessandrini wants to see Hollywood as the enemy, but you have to know your enemy to take good aim at it."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kim Darby</span> American actress

Kim Darby is an American actress best known for her roles as Mattie Ross in True Grit (1969) and Jenny Meyer in Better Off Dead (1985).

<i>Kitten with a Whip</i> 1964 US crime drama film by Douglas Heyes

Kitten with a Whip is a 1964 American crime drama film directed by Douglas Heyes, who co-wrote the screenplay with Whit Masterson, a pseudonym for writers Robert Allison “Bob” Wade and H. Bill Miller, who also wrote the novel on which the film is based under the name Wade Miller. The film stars John Forsythe, Ann-Margret, Peter Brown, Patricia Barry and Richard Anderson.

The 21st Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best in film and television for 1963, were held on March 11, 1964.

<i>Bring Back Birdie</i> 1981 Broadway musical

Bring Back Birdie is a 1981 musical with music by Charles Strouse, lyrics by Lee Adams, and a book by Michael Stewart. It is a sequel to the 1960 musical Bye Bye Birdie, which was written by the same team.

<i>State Fair</i> (1962 film) 1962 film

State Fair is a 1962 American musical film directed by José Ferrer and starring Pat Boone, Bobby Darin, Ann-Margret, Tom Ewell, Pamela Tiffin and Alice Faye. A remake of the 1933 film State Fair and the 1945 film State Fair, it was considered to be a financially and critically unsuccessful film. Richard Rodgers, whose collaborator Oscar Hammerstein had died in 1960, wrote additional songs, both music and lyrics, for this film adaptation of the 1932 novel by Phil Stong.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nolan Gerard Funk</span> Canadian actor, singer and model

Nolan Gerard Funk is a Canadian actor and singer, known for portraying Hunter Clarington in the musical comedy-drama television series Glee, Collin Jennings in the comedy-drama television series Awkward, "Angel Eyes" in the drama series Counterpart and Conrad Birdie in the 2009 Broadway revival of the musical Bye Bye Birdie.

<i>The Swinger</i> 1966 film by George Sidney

The Swinger is a 1966 American sex comedy film directed by George Sidney and starring Ann-Margret and Anthony Franciosa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jesse Pearson (actor)</span> American actor (1930-1979)

Jesse Pearson was an American actor, singer, director, and writer.

Bye Bye Birdie is a 1960 Broadway musical.

Mallory Bechtel is an American musical theatre actress based in New York City. She has performed as lead and understudy in several musicals including the Tony Award-winning musical, Dear Evan Hansen on Broadway. She has also appeared in multiple television shows and films. In 2022, she starred as twins Karen and Kelly Beasley on Pretty Little Liars: Original Sin.

Bye Bye Birdie is a 1995 musical comedy television film directed by Gene Saks with a screenplay by Michael Stewart based on his book of the 1960 stage musical of the same name. It features music and lyrics by Charles Strouse and Lee Adams respectively. It stars Jason Alexander and Vanessa Williams and features Chynna Phillips, Tyne Daly, Marc Kudisch, George Wendt, and Sally Mayes. It was produced by RHI Entertainment and released by ABC on December 3, 1995. It is the second film adaptation of the musical, the first being in 1963.

References

  1. 1 2 Crowther, Bosley (April 5, 1963). "The Screen: 'Bye Bye Birdie' Arrives at Radio City Music Hall; George Sidney Directs Version of Comedy 'Glory of Easter' Show Presented on Stage". The New York Times . New York City, New York. Retrieved October 25, 2023.
  2. 1 2 Hale, Wanda (April 5, 1963). "Easter Comes Early To The Music Hall". New York Daily News . New York City, New York: News Syndicate Co., Inc. p. 73.
  3. "Columbia Pictures' Volume Indefinite". Variety. May 23, 1962. p. 6.
  4. Conway Twitty website biography Archived 2007-06-30 at the Wayback Machine
  5. AMC Filmsite - 50 Best High School Movies Archived 2008-12-29 at the Wayback Machine , filmsite.org; accessed October 18, 2016.
  6. Conklin, John E. (2008). Campus Life in the Movies: A Critical Survey from the Silent Era to the Present. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company. p. 102. ISBN   9780786452354. Archived from the original on March 28, 2017.
  7. King, Susan (April 25, 2011). "Hello, 'Birdie'". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on May 30, 2013. Retrieved January 26, 2013.
  8. Reynolds, Debbie (2013). Unsinkable: A Memoir. HarperCollins. p. 216. ISBN   978-0-06-221365-5.
  9. Davis, Ronald L. (2005). Just making movies . University Press of Mississippi. p.  79. ISBN   9781578066902.
  10. Meet Ann-Margret: Hard Work, Ambition Propel a Young Actress To the Top in Hollywood By DAVID H. KELSEY Wall Street Journal 7 Apr 1964: 1.
  11. "Alltime Music Hall, N.Y. Records". Variety . April 24, 1963. p. 4.
  12. "Bye Bye Birdie". The Numbers . Nash Information Services, LLC. Retrieved January 29, 2023.
  13. "Top 20 Films of 1963 by Domestic Revenue". boxofficereport.com. 2006. Archived from the original on July 26, 2008. Retrieved January 29, 2023.
  14. "Bye Bye Birdie". Rotten Tomatoes . Fandango Media . Retrieved January 29, 2023. OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
  15. Vagg, Stephen (September 6, 2021). "Surviving Cold Streaks: Ann-Margret". Filmink. Retrieved March 9, 2023.
  16. Scheuer, Philip K. (April 5, 1963). "'Ugly American', 'Birdie' Reviewed". Los Angeles Times . Los Angeles, California. pp. 18, Part V.
  17. Tinee, Mae (June 24, 1963). "Stage Play is Bubbly in Film, Too". Chicago Tribune . Chicago, Illinois: Tribune Company. pp. 10, Section 2. Retrieved October 25, 2023.
  18. Barnard, Ken (July 11, 1963). "'Birdie' Has a Happy Face". Detroit Free-Press . pp. 6–C. Retrieved October 25, 2023.
  19. Miller, Margo (June 27, 1963). "'Bye, Bye, Birdie': Fast, Fresh, Funny". The Boston Globe . Boston, Massachusetts. p. 13. Retrieved October 25, 2023.
  20. Whitehead, Harold (June 29, 1963). "French Picture Leads". The Gazette . Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Retrieved October 25, 2023.
  21. Feiner, Michael P. (June 29, 1963). "Wacky Musical Satire". Montreal Star . Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Retrieved October 25, 2023.
  22. "At the Century, 'Birdie' Says Bye Bye to the Blues". Buffalo Evening News . Buffalo, New York. July 13, 1963. Retrieved October 26, 2023.
  23. Platt, Brainard (July 13, 1963). "'Bye Bye Birdie' a Delightful Film". The Journal-Herald. Dayton, Ohio. Retrieved October 26, 2023.
  24. Radcliffe, E.B. (July 1, 1963). "A Swingin' Movie". The Cincinnati Enquirer . Retrieved October 26, 2023.
  25. Stevens, Dale (June 29, 1963). "'Bye Bye Birdie' Opens at Keith's". The Cincinnati Post . Retrieved October 26, 2023.
  26. Cobb, David (June 29, 1963). "David Cobb Reviews the New Movies". Toronto Star . Retrieved October 25, 2023.
  27. Roud, Richard (November 8, 1963). "Films in London". The Guardian . London, England, United Kingdom. Retrieved October 25, 2023.
  28. Wedman, Les (August 2, 1963). "At the Movies". Vancouver Sun . Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Retrieved October 25, 2023.
  29. Terry, Dickson (July 12, 1963). "The New Films". St. Louis Post-Dispatch . St. Louis, Missouri. Retrieved October 25, 2023.
  30. Eichelbaum, Stanley (July 4, 1963). "'Bye Bye Birdie' a Tepid Movie". San Francisco Examiner . San Francisco, California. p. 12. Retrieved October 25, 2023.
  31. "The 36th Academy Awards (1964) Nominees and Winners". oscars.org. Archived from the original on November 2, 2017. Retrieved August 23, 2011.
  32. "Bye Bye Birdie – Golden Globes". HFPA . Retrieved June 3, 2021.
  33. "Birdie's the Word: Mad Men's Pop Culture References". The Millions. September 11, 2009. Archived from the original on October 7, 2011. Retrieved September 25, 2011.
  34. Doyle, Larry (2007). The Simpsons: The Complete Tenth Season; DVD commentary for the episode "Wild Barts Can't Be Broken" (DVD). 20th Century Fox.

Further reading