Cabezon (fish)

Last updated

Cabezon
Scorpaenichthys marmoratus.jpg
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Scorpaeniformes
Superfamily: Cottoidea
Family: Scorpaenichthyidae
Jordan & Evermann, 1898 [1]
Genus: Scorpaenichthys
Girard, 1854 [2]
Species:
S. marmoratus
Binomial name
Scorpaenichthys marmoratus
(Ayres, 1854)
Synonyms [3]
  • Hemitripterus marmoratus Ayres, 1854
  • Scorpaenichthys marmoratus Girard, 1854

The cabezon (Scorpaenichthys marmoratus) is a large species of sculpin native to the Pacific coast of North America. Although the genus name translates literally as "scorpion fish", true scorpionfish (such as lionfish) belong to the related family Scorpaenidae. The cabezon is the only known member of its genus.

Contents

Taxonomy

The cabezon was first formally described as Hemitripterus marmoratus in 1854 by the American physician and ichthyologist William Orville Ayres with its type locality given as California. [4] Both Ayres and the French biologist Charles Frédéric Girard published the specific name marmoratus for this taxon in 1854, Ayres published his name on 8 September in The Pacific, a San Francisco-based journal in which the California Academy of Sciences published its meeting reports and the name was published once more on 22 September in the Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences . Girard's name was deemed to have been published on 6 October and authorship was confirmed in favour of Ayres in the ICZN Opinion 1583 in 1990. [5] Girard classified this species in the monospecific genus Scorpaenichthys. [2] the cabezon is classified as belonging to the monotypic family Scorpaenichthyidae in the 5th edition of Fishes of the World. [6] but subsequent authorities have placed the taxon within the Jordaniidae. [2] In either case the cabezon is regarded as one of the more basal members of the superfamily Cottoidea. [7]

Description

The cabezon is a scaleless fish with a broad bony support extending from the eye across the cheek just under the skin. It has 11 spines on the dorsal fin. The cabezon also has a stout spine before the eye, an anal fin of soft rays, and a fleshy flap on the middle of the snout. A pair of longer flaps are just behind the eyes. The mouth is broad with many small teeth. The coloring varies, but is generally mottled with browns, greens and reds. >90% of red fish are males, whereas >90% of green fish are females.[ citation needed ] The flesh is blue in color as are the internal organs. [8] [9] It reaches up to 99 cm (3 ft 3 in) in length and 14 kg (31 lb) in weight, [3] while the largest ever Cabezon caught was 25 lb (11 kg) in weight and longest being 39 in (99 cm). [10] As the Spanish-origin name implies, the fish has a very large head relative to its body.

Distribution and habitat

Cabezon are found in the northeast Pacific Ocean from Alaska to Baja California. [3]

They are found in a wide range of habitats at depths of 0–200 m (0–656 ft), including rocky, muddy and sandy bottoms, and kelp beds. [3]

Fishing technique

Cabezon feed on crustaceans, mollusks, fish and fish eggs. Cabezon are taken as a game fish, but their roe is toxic to humans, [3] because of the occurrence of a toxic phospholipid (Dinogunellin). Cabezon inhabit the tops of rocky ledges as opposed to rockfish and lingcod, which usually inhabit the sheer faces of these features.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sculpin</span> Fish of the superfamily Cottoidea

A sculpin is a type of fish that belongs to the superfamily Cottoidea in the order Scorpaeniformes. As of 2006, this superfamily contains 7 families, 94 genera, and 387 species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cottidae</span> Family of fishes

The Cottidae are a family of fish in the superfamily Cottoidea, the sculpins. It is the largest sculpin family, with about 275 species in 70 genera. They are referred to simply as cottids to avoid confusion with sculpins of other families.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Agonidae</span> Family of fishes

Agonidae is a family of small, bottom-dwelling, cold-water marine fish. Common names for members of this family include poachers, Irish lords, sea ravens, alligatorfishes, starsnouts, hooknoses, and rockheads. They are notable for having elongated bodies covered by scales modified into bony plates, and for using their large pectoral fins to move in short bursts. The family includes about 59 species in some 25 genera, some of which are quite widespread.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rhamphocottidae</span>

Rhamphocottidae is a family of ray-finned fishes belonging to the superfamily Cottoidea, the sculpins. The species in this family occur in the North Pacific Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stichaeidae</span> Family of fishes

Stichaeidae, the pricklebacks or shannies, are a family of marine ray-finned fishes in the suborder Zoarcoidei of the order Scorpaeniformes. Most species are found in the North Pacific Ocean with a few in the North Atlantic Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Scaled sculpin</span> Group of fishes

The scaled sculpins, Icelus, are a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. Most of the fishes in this genus are found in the northern Pacific Ocean but they also occur in the North Atlantic Ocean.

<i>Percilia</i> Genus of fishes

Percilia is a genus of perch-like fish in the monogeneric family Perciliidae.

<i>Clinocottus</i> Genus of fishes

Clinocottus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. They are nearshore benthic fishes native to the northeastern Pacific Ocean. They are mentioned as sharpnose sculpins.

<i>Bothragonus</i> Genus of fishes

Bothragonus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Agonidae, the poachers and related fishes. It is the only genus in monotypic subfamily Bothragoninae. These fishes are found in the northern Pacific Ocean.

<i>Artedius</i> Genus of fishes

Artedius is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. These fishes are found in the northern Pacific Ocean.

<i>Hemilepidotus</i> Genus of fishes

Hemilepidotus, the Irish lords, is a genus of ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Agonidae, the poachers and sea ravens. These fishes are found in northern Pacific, northern Atlantic and the Arctic Oceans.

<i>Icelinus</i> Genus of fishes

Icelinusis a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. These fishes are found in the northern and eastern Pacific Ocean.

<i>Ereunias</i> Species of fish

Ereunias is a monotypic genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Rhamphocottidae, the grunt sculpins. Its only species is Ereunias grallator which is a bathydemersal species found at depths of around 500 m (1,600 ft) in the northwestern Pacific Ocean off Japan. This species attains a maximum published total length of 30 cm (12 in). This species was first formally described in 1901 by the American ichthyologists David Starr Jordan and John Otterbein Snyder from Misaki, Sagami in Japan. Jordan and Snyder proposed the new genus Ereunias for the new species. The genus name is derived from ereunao, meaning "to explore" which may refer how it uses elongated pectoral-fin rays as feelers or “feet” to explore the substrate; suffixed with ias which is used in some Greek names for fishes. The specific name grallator is "stiltwalker" in Latin and is an allusion to the elongated pectoral fin rays. Along with the genus Marukawichthys this taxon was classified in the family Ereunidae but this was synonymised with the Rhamphocottidae in 2014.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cottoidei</span>

Cottoidei is a suborder of ray-finned fishes which, according to the 5th edition of Fishes of the World, is placed within the order Scorpaeniformes, alongside the scorpionfishes, flatheads, eelpouts, sticklebacks and related fishes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Porichthyinae</span> Subfamily of fishes

Porichthyinae is a subfamily of toadfish in the family Batrachoididae. They are found in the eastern Pacific Ocean and western Atlantic from Canada to Argentina. The species of this subfamily have no venom glands or subopercular spines, they have canine like teeth and two solid spines in the dorsal fin.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jordaniidae</span>

Jordaniidae is a small family of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the order Scorpaeniformes. These fishes are found in the eastern North Pacific Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hypsagoninae</span>

Hypsagoninae is a subfamily of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Agonidae, part of the sculpin superfamily Cottoidea. These fishes are found in the North Pacific Ocean.

Anoplagoninae is a subfamily of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Agonidae, part of the sculpin superfamily Cottoidea. These fishes are found in the North Pacific Ocean.

Bathyagoninae is a subfamily of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Agonidae, part of the sculpin superfamily Cottoidea. These fishes are found in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cottinae</span>

Cottinae is a subfamily of ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. The subfamily has species throughout the northern hemisphere in both marine and freshwater habitats.

References

  1. ↑ Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014). "Family-group names of Recent fishes". Zootaxa. 3882 (2): 001–230. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1 . PMID   25543675.
  2. 1 2 3 Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Jordaniidae". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 21 December 2022.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2022). "Scorpaenichthys marmoratus" in FishBase. August 2022 version.
  4. ↑ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Scorpaenichthys". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 21 December 2022.
  5. ↑ "Opinion 1583 Scorpaenichthys marmoratus (Osteichthyes, Scorpaeniformes): Ayres 1854 to be taken as the author of the specific name". The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature. 47 (1): 79–80. 1990.
  6. ↑ J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 467–495. ISBN   978-1-118-34233-6.
  7. ↑ W. Leo Smith & Morgan S. Busby (2014). "Phylogeny and taxonomy of sculpins, sandfishes, and snailfishes (Perciformes: Cottoidei) with comments on the phylogenetic significance of their early-life-history specializations". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 79: 332–352. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.06.028. PMID   25014569.
  8. ↑ "Cabezon | California Sea Grant". caseagrant.ucsd.edu. 23 August 2017. Retrieved 2019-09-25.
  9. ↑ Bland, Alastair (17 June 2014). "Red Fish, Blue Fish: Where The Fish Flesh Rainbow Comes From". NPR. Retrieved 2019-09-25.
  10. ↑ "California Marine Sportfish Identification: Other Fishes". California Department of Fish and Wildlife . October 17, 2013. Retrieved March 21, 2018.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.