Stichaeus

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Stichaeus
Arctic shanny, Sticheus punctatus, in Newfoundland (7273715176).jpg
Arctic shanny (Sticheus punctatus)
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Scorpaeniformes
Family: Stichaeidae
Subfamily: Stichaeinae
Genus: Stichaeus
Reinhardt, 1836
Type species
Gobius punctatus
Fabricius, 1780 [1]
Synonyms [1]

Stichaeus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Stichaeidae, the pricklebacks or shannies. These fishes are mainly found in the North Pacific Ocean with one species in the Arctic and western North Atlantic Oceans.

Contents

Taxonomy

Stichaeus was first proposed as a monospecific genus in 1836 by the Danish zoologist Johan Reinhardt with Blennius punctatus, which was described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1780 from western Greenland, designated as the type species. [1] [2] This genus is classified within the subfamily Stichaeinae of the Zoarcoid family Stichaeidae. [3]

Species

Stichaeus contains 6 extant species and 2 known extinct species, as follows: [4] [5] [6]

† means extinct

Etymology

The genus name, Stichaeus means "to set in a row", and is presumed to refer to the row of 5 or 6 circular spots on the dorsal fin. [7]

Characteristics

Stichaeus species have moderately elongated, laterally compressed bodies which are covered in tiny cycloid scales, although the head is scaleless. There are teeth on the jaws, vomer and palatine. The teeth on the upper jaw are arranged in between two and four rows while those in the lower jaw form a single row. The jaws are equal in length or the lower jaw may just protrude beyond the upper jaw. The head has a number of sensory canals which are made up of pores and are used to sense vibrations. The single lateral line does not reach the caudal fin and appears to be an extension of the post orbital sensory canal. The anal fin has no rear spines. [8] These fishes vary in length from a maximum published standard length of 7.9 cm (3.1 in) in S. fuscus while the largest species are S. grigorjewi and S. nozawae which have maximum published total lengths of 60 cm (24 in). [4]

Distribution and habitat

Stichaeus fishes are largely found in the northwestern Pacific vut one species, S. punctatus extends into the western Arctic Ocean and the north western Atlantic Ocean. These are coastal fishes but can be found to depths of 300 m (980 ft). [3]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pholidae</span> Family of fishes

Pholidae is a family of marine ray-finned fishes, known as gunnels, in the scorpaeniform suborder Zoarcoidei. These are fishes of the littoral zone and are mainly found in North Pacific Ocean, with two species found in the North Atlantic Ocean and Arctic Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stichaeidae</span> Family of fishes

Stichaeidae, the pricklebacks or shannies, are a family of marine ray-finned fishes in the suborder Zoarcoidei of the order Scorpaeniformes. Most species are found in the North Pacific Ocean with a few in the North Atlantic Ocean.

<i>Anarhichas</i> Genus of fishes

Anarhichas is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Anarhichadidae, the wolffishes or sea wolves. These fishes are found in the northern North Atlantic and North Pacific oceans.

<i>Ernogrammus</i> Genus of fishes

Ernogrammus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Stichaeidae, the pricklebacks or shannies. These fishes are found in the North Pacific Ocean.

The blackspotted hawkfish is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a hawkfish belonging to the family Cirrhitidae. It is native to rocky shores of the western Indian Ocean. This species grows to 17 cm (6.7 in) in total length. This species is the only known member of its genus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stichaeinae</span> Subfamily of fishes

Stichaeinae is a subfamily of marine ray-finned fishes, classified within the family Stichaeidae, the pricklebacks or shannies. These fishes are found in the North Pacific, Arctic and North Atlantic Oceans.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fourline snakeblenny</span>

The fourline snakeblenny is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Stichaeidae, the pricklebacks and shannies. It is the only species in the monotypic genus Eumesogrammus. This fish is found in the Western North Atlantic, Arctic and North Pacific Oceans.

The crisscross prickleback is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Stichaeidae, the pricklebacks and shannies. It is the only species in the monotypic genus Plagiogrammus. This fish is found in the eastern Pacific Ocean off California.

The radiated shanny is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Stichaeidae, the pricklebacks and shannies. It is the only species in the monotypic genus Ulvaria. This fish is found in the northwestern Atlantic Ocean.

Stichaeopsis is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Stichaeidae, the pricklebacks or shannies. These fishes are found in the western North Pacific Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arctic shanny</span>

The Arctic shanny is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Stichaeidae, the pricklebacks and shannies. This species occurs in the North Pacific, Arctic and western North Atlantic Oceans.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Opisthocentrinae</span> Subfamily of fishes

Opisthocentrinae is a subfamily of marine ray-finned fishes, classified within the family Stichaeidae, the pricklebacks or shannies. These fishes are found in the North Pacific Occean.

Askoldia is a monotypic genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Stichaeidae, the pricklebacks and shannies. Its only species is Askoldia variegata which is found in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.

<i>Kasatkia</i> Genus of fishes

Kasatkia is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Stichaeidae, the pricklebacks or shannies. These fishes are found in the North Pacific Ocean.

Lumpenopsis is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Stichaeidae, the pricklebacks or shannies. These fishes are found in the North Pacific Ocean.

<i>Opisthocentrus</i>

Opisthocentrus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Stichaeidae, the pricklebacks or shannies. These fishes are found in the North Pacific Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Six-spot prickleback</span>

The six-spot prickelback is a species of marine ray-finned fish of belonging to the family Stichaeidae, the pricklebacks and shannies. It is found in the eastern North Pacific Ocean.

<i>Pholidapus</i>

Pholidapus is a monotypic genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Stichaeidae, the pricklebacks and shannies. Its only species is Pholidapus dybowskii which is found in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.

Xiphisterinae is a subfamily of marine ray-finned fishes, classified within the family Stichaeidae, the pricklebacks or shannies. These fishes are found in the North Pacific Ocean.

The bearded eelpout is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Zoarcidae, the eelpouts. This species is the only species in the monospecific genus Lyconema. It is found in the eastern Pacific Ocean.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Stichaeinae". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 8 August 2022.
  2. ↑ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Stichaeopsis". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 25 August 2022.
  3. 1 2 Mecklenburg, C. W. and B. A. Sheiko (2004). "Family Stichaeidae Gill 1864 — pricklebacks" (PDF). California Academy of Sciences Annotated Checklists of Fishes. 35.
  4. 1 2 Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2022). Species of Stichaeus in FishBase . February 2022 version.
  5. ↑ Mikhail Valerievich Nazarkin (1998). "New Stichaeid Fishes (Stichaeidae, Perciformes) from Miocene of Sakhalin". Journal of Ichthyology. 38 (4): 279–291.
  6. ↑ Niino, H. (1951). "Description of Some Fossil Fishes and Prawns from Japan" (PDF). Journal of the Tokyo University of Fisheries. 38 (1): 47–58.
  7. ↑ Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (4 July 2021). "Order Perciformes (Part 11): Suborder Cottoidea: Infraorder Zoarcales: Families: Anarhichadidae, Neozoarcidae, Eulophias, Stichaeidae, Lumpenidae, Ophistocentridae, Pholidae, Ptilichthyidae, Zaproridae, Cryptacanthodidae, Cebidichthyidae, Scytalinidae and Bathymasteridae". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
  8. ↑ G.U. Lindberg (1989). Fishes of the Sea of Japan and the Adjacent Areas of the Sea of Okhotsk and the Yellow Sea Part 4. Smithsonian Institution Libraries and National Science Foundation.
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