Cabinets of the State of East Indonesia Kabinet Negara Indonesia Timur | |
---|---|
1st-8th Cabinet of East Indonesia | |
1947–1950 | |
Date formed | 13 January 1947 |
Date dissolved | 16 August 1950 |
People and organisations | |
Head of state | Tjokorda Gde Raka Soekawati |
Head of government |
|
No. of ministers | 6 ministers (eighth and final cabinet) |
History | |
Successor | Natsir Cabinet |
The Cabinet of the State of East Indonesia (Indonesian : Kabinet Negara Indonesia Timur) served as the central government apparatus of the State of East Indonesia (Indonesian : Negara Indonesia Timur), headed by a prime minister who were appointed by the head of state. During the three-year lifetime of the state between 24 December 1946 and 27 December 1949, there were eight cabinets in total, headed by six different prime ministers.
At the Denpasar Conference (18-24 December 1946) organized by Acting Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies Hubertus van Mook, the State of East Indonesia was established with Balinese noble Tjokorda Gde Raka Soekawati was elected head of state designated as president, and Nadjamuddin Daeng Malewa was appointed as prime minister-designate. [1] Following discussions between the two men in Jakarta, the cabinet was announced and inaugurated on 13 January 1947 with the composition as follows: [2]
Portfolio | Holder | Prior position | |
---|---|---|---|
Prime Minister | Nadjamuddin Daeng Malewa | Trade Commissioner in Makassar | |
Economic Affairs | |||
Home Affairs | Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung | Raja of Gianyar | |
Justice | Tjia Kok Tjiang | Head of Law Department of the Residents' Office in Makassar | |
Finance | Mathijs Hamelink | Agent of the Bank of Java in Makassar | |
Education | Elvianus Katoppo | Superintendent of Elementary Education in Manado | |
Information | G. R. Pantouw | Businessman in Makassar | |
Health | Semuel Jusof Warouw | Public physician with the government health bureau in Manado | |
Public Works and Transportation | Elias Dumais Dengah | Chairman of the Minahasa Council in Manado | |
Social Affairs | Julius Tahija | Military officer, adjutant to the commander of Dutch forces in Jakarta |
As the provisional legislature had achieved very little in its first session, a number of its members proposed giving the cabinet unlimited powers to pass laws pending their later approval by the legislature. The cabinet would resign to allow the prime minister a free rein to make new appointments and form a cabinet with majority political support. Nadjamuddin Daeng Malewa held a series of meetings with political supporters and opponents in late May 1947 to decide on the composition of his revised cabinet. [3]
The second cabinet, also headed by Nadjamuddin Daeng Malewa was announced on 31 May 1947. its composition was: [4]
Portfolio | Holder | |
---|---|---|
Prime Minister | Nadjamuddin Daeng Malewa | |
Economy (Minister) | ||
Deputy Prime Minister | Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung | |
Home Affairs | ||
Justice | Christiaan Robbert Steven Soumokil | |
Finance | Mathijs Hamelink | |
Economy (Vice Minister) | ||
Finance (Vice Minister) | Rudolf Julianus 'Dolf' Matekohy/Metekohy | |
Education | Elvianus Katoppo | |
Information | Julius Tahija | |
Transportation and Public Works | Antonius Maximilian Semawi | |
Health | Semuel Jusof Warouw | |
Social Affairs | G. R. Pantouw | |
Minister of State (Islamic affairs) | Achmad Sjehan Bachmid | |
Minister of State (Citizenship affairs) | Robert Cornelis Claproth | |
Minister of State (Judiciary affairs) | Tjia Kok Tjiang |
In December 1947, Prime Minister Nadjamuddin Daeng Malewa was charged with corruption while he and president Soekawati were on an overseas visit, ending his term of office and his second cabinet. [5]
The Warouw Cabinet was formed on 10 October 1947 and sworn in the following day. Its composition was: [6]
Portfolio | Holder | |
---|---|---|
Prime Minister | Semuel Jusof Warouw | |
Health | ||
Deputy Prime Minister | Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung | |
Home Affairs | ||
Justice | Christiaan Robbert Steven Soumokil | |
Finance | Mathijs Hamelink (Minister) | |
Rudolf Julianus 'Dolf' Matekohy/Metekohy (Vice Minister) | ||
Transportation and Public Works | Antonius Maximilian Semawi | |
Education | Elvianus Katoppo | |
Information | Sonda Daeng Mattajang | |
Economy | Julius Tahija (Minister) | |
Hoesain Poeang Limboro (Vice Minister) | ||
Social Affairs | Abdoellah Daeng Mappoedji (Minister) | |
Tan Tek Heng (Vice Minister) |
The politically inexperienced Prime Minister Warouw and his cabinet was accused of being overly supportive of the Dutch military offensive launched against the areas controlled by the Republicans in July 1947 during Operation Product, and was brought down by the Provisional Representative Body. [7]
The first Gde Agung cabinet was sworn in on 15 December 1947. Its composition was as follows: [8]
Portfolio | Holder | |
---|---|---|
Prime Minister | Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung | |
Home Affairs | Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung (Minister) | |
Sulaiman Binol (Vice Minister) | ||
Justice | Christiaan Robbert Steven Soumokil (Minister) | |
Robert Cornelis Claproth (Vice Minister) | ||
Economy | Hoesain Poeang Limboro (Minister) | |
Tan Tek Heng (Vice Minister) | ||
Finance | Mathijs Hamelink (Minister) | |
Rudolf Julianus 'Dolf' Matekohy/Metekohy (Vice Minister) | ||
Education | Elvianus Katoppo (Minister) | |
Jan Engelbert Tatengkeng (Vice Minister) | ||
Health | Semuel Jusof Warouw | |
Transportation and Public Works | Patuan Doli Diapari | |
Social Affairs | S.S. Palenkahoe (Minister) | |
Mohammad Sjafei (Vice Minister) | ||
Information | Andi Burhanuddin (Minister) | |
Izaak Huru Doko (Vice Minister) |
This was the first cabinet to include supporters of the Indonesian Republic, and on 23 December 1947, it toned down the government's support for the July 1947 Dutch military action. [5] At midnight on 19 December 1948, the Dutch launched another military attack against the Republic of Indonesia, codenamed Operation Kraai, and the First Gde Agung cabinet resigned in protest. [9] [10]
The second Gde Agung cabinet was formed and sworn in on 12 January 1949. Its composition was as follows: [11]
Portfolio | Holder | |
---|---|---|
Prime Minister | Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung | |
Home Affairs | ||
Justice | Christiaan Robbert Steven Soumokil | |
Economy | Tan Tek Heng (interim until 12 March 1949) | |
Abdul Rajab Daeng Massiki (from 12 March 1949) | ||
Finance | Mathijs Hamelink | |
Education | Jan Engelbert Tatengkeng | |
Social Affairs | Sulaiman Binol | |
Health | Jan Willem Grootings | |
Public Works and Transportation | Patuan Doli Diapari | |
Information | Izaak Huru Doko | |
Minister of State (Budget Planning) | Tan Tek Heng (from 12 March 1949) |
Following the transfer of sovereignty from the Netherlands to the United States of Indonesia (RUSI) a result of the Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference, prime minister Gde Agung was appointed foreign minister in the RUSI cabinet, and submitted his resignation as prime minister of East Indonesia. [12] [13]
The Tatengkeng cabinet was sworn in on 27 December 1949. Its composition was as follows: [14]
Portfolio | Holder | |
---|---|---|
Prime Minister | Jan Engelbert Tatengkeng | |
Education | ||
Home Affairs | Iskandar Muhammad Jabir Syah of Ternate | |
Finance | Tan Tek Heng | |
Economy | Abdul Rajab Daeng Massiki | |
Information | Izaak Huru Doko | |
Social Affairs | Sulaiman Binol | |
Health (interim) | ||
Public Works | Patuan Doli Diapari | |
Justice | Christiaan Robbert Steven Soumokil |
Following elections, the provisional legislature was disbanded on 20 February 1950, and the cabinet also resigned. The following day, the elected representatives took their seats, while the Justice minister Chris Soumokil subsequently fled to Ambon and proclaimed the establishment of the Republic of South Maluku (RMS). [15] [16]
The Diapari cabinet was sworn in on 14 March 1950 in the middle of the RMS Crisis. Its composition was as follows: [17]
Portfolio | Holder | |
---|---|---|
Prime Minister | Patuan Doli Diapari | |
Public Works and Transportation | ||
Finance | Tan Tek Heng | |
Home Affairs | Abdul Rajab Daeng Massiki | |
Justice | Robert Cornelis Claproth | |
Economy | Achmad Ponsen Daeng Posanre | |
Education | Izaak Huru Doko | |
Social Affairs and Health | Daniel P. Tahitoe | |
Information | Willem Jozias Ratulangi |
Since the elected parliament convened, it had been sharply divided between federalists, who supported the government of East Indonesia and the concept of the federal United States of Indonesia, and the opposition unitarians, who wanted a return to a unitary Indonesian republic. [18] The two main federalist factions repeatedly called for the government to dismantle the State of East Indonesia, and subsequently one of the factions supporting the government called for the cabinet to resign and be replaced by one that was more broadly representative of the legislature. [19] The motion was passed on 25 April, and the cabinet resigned. [20] [21] They remained in office as caretaker government until a new government could be formed.
On 2 May 1950, Prime Minister Diapari and several members of the cabinet, as well as some members of the Provisional Representative Body, were arrested and charged with conspiracy for being involved with Makassar Uprising involving Capt. Andi Aziz. [22] None of them were charged any further and released from detention, as their involvement could not be proven. [23]
The pro-republican Putuhena (or Poetoehena in older spelling) cabinet was tasked with making preparations for the integration of East Indonesia into a unitary Republic of Indonesia. Unlike previous prime ministers who were politicians of within East Indonesia, Martinus Putuhena was an Ambon-born federal official who were later posted in Makassar, serving as the civilian chair of the Territorial Military Commission. He was asked by president Soekawati to form a government after prime minister-designate Eliza Urbanus Pupella failed to form a government, all while the Diapari caretaker government were brought to halt. [24]
Its composition was as follows: [1] [24]
Portfolio | Holder | |
---|---|---|
Prime Minister | Martinus Putuhena | |
Transportation | ||
Welfare | ||
Home Affairs | Lanto Daeng Pasewang | |
Justice | I Gusti Ketut Pudja | |
Social Affairs | Andi Burhanuddin | |
Information | Henk Rondonoewoe | |
Education | Freddy Jaques Ingkiriwang | |
Health | ||
Finance | Abdoel Razak |
On 19 May 1950, following negotiations between the United States of Indonesia (representing the State of East Indonesia and the State of East Sumatra) and the Republic of Indonesia, an agreement was reached to establish a unitary Indonesian state. [25] [26] This state was formed on 15 August 1950, and given that this meant the State of East Indonesia no longer existed, Putuhena and his cabinet resigned on 16 August. [27]
The Prime Minister of the Republic of Indonesia was a political office in Indonesia which existed from 1945 until 1966. During this period, the prime minister was in charge of the cabinet of Indonesia, one of the three branches of government along with the People's Representative Council and the president. Following his 1959 decree, President Sukarno assumed the role and powers of prime minister until his resignation in 1966.
The 1949 Federal Constitution of the United States of Indonesia replaced the 1945 Constitution of Indonesia when sovereignty was officially transferred from the Netherlands to Indonesia following the Dutch-Indonesian Round Table Conference. It came into force on 27 December 1949 and was replaced by the Provisional Constitution of 1950 on 17 August 1950.
Eliza Urbanus Pupella, or E.U. Pupella was an Indonesian journalist and nationalist leader from the island of Ambon during the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies that preceded the Indonesian National Revolution and the country's independence. A Christian, Pupella led the nationalist Ambonese League since 1938. During the Japanese occupation, he was appointed as head of the new administration on the island due to the internment of Dutch personnel for the duration of the war.
The State of East Indonesia was a post–World War II state formed in the eastern half of Dutch East Indies. Established in December 1946 by the Dutch, it was a puppet state formed during the Indonesian National Revolution that eventually became a part of the United States of Indonesia (USI) in 1949 at the end of the conflict and was dissolved in 1950 with the end of the USI. It comprised all the islands to the east of Borneo and of Java.
Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung, alternatively spelled too as Ida Anak Agung Gde Agung, was an Indonesian ethnic-Balinese politician, historian, and National Hero, who was the Raja of Gianyar, Bali, and served as the prime minister of the State of East Indonesia from 1947 to 1949, and the Foreign Affairs Minister of Indonesia from 1955 until 1956.
The Central Indonesian National Committee, also known as the Central National Committee, was a body appointed to assist the president of the newly independent Indonesia. Originally purely advisory, it later gained assumed legislative functions. The Working Committee of the KNIP became part of the People's Representative Council when Indonesia became a unitary state in 1950.
The Republic of the United States of Indonesia Cabinet was established as a result of the formation of the United States of Indonesia following the transfer of sovereignty from the Dutch colonial power. It lasted less than a year before Indonesia became a unitary state.
Tjokorda Gdé Raka Soekawati, was the only President of the State of East Indonesia from 1946 to its disestablishment in 1950. He served from 1946 until the dissolution of the East Indonesian State in 1950. His title, Tjokorda Gdé, signaled that Soekawati belonged to the highest ksatria. He had two wives, the first a Balinese, Gusti Agung Niang Putu, who gave him a son named Tjokorda Ngurah Wim Sukawati. In 1933, he married a French woman named Gilbert Vincent, who gave him two children.
The Makassar Uprising, also known as Andi Aziz rebellion, was a skirmish in Makassar, Sulawesi, between former Royal Dutch East Indies Army soldiers under Captain Andi Aziz and the Republic of the United States of Indonesia government. The purpose of the uprising was to revolt against the incorporation of the Indonesian federated "states" into the Indonesian Republic. However, the uprising was quashed in a little over two weeks when troops under Lieutenant Colonel Suharto and Colonel Alexander Evert Kawilarang arrived at Makassar to find only light resistance.
The State of Pasundan was a federal state (negara bagian) formed in the western part of the Indonesian island of Java by the Netherlands in 1948 following the Linggadjati Agreement. It was similar to the geographical area now encompassed by the current provinces of West Java, Banten and Jakarta.
The United States of Indonesia was a short-lived federal state to which the Netherlands formally transferred sovereignty of the Dutch East Indies on 27 December 1949 following the Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference. This transfer ended the four-year conflict between Indonesian nationalists and the Netherlands for control of Indonesia. It lasted less than a year, before being replaced by the unitary Republic of Indonesia.
The Denpasar Conference was held from 7–24 December 1946 at the Hotel Bali, Denpasar and resulted in the establishment of the State of East Indonesia, part of the United States of Indonesia.
Tadjuddin Noor was an Indonesian politician and nationalist. He was a deputy speaker of the Provisional People's Representative Council between 1950 and 1956, and chaired the legislature of the State of East Indonesia (NIT).
Djumhana Wiriaatmadja was a Sundanese aristocrat, regent, politician, and diplomat.
The Paruman Agung was the regional parliament of Bali from 1938 until 1950.
Muhammad Kaharuddin III was an Indonesian politician and royal who was the 16th Sultan of Sumbawa, a senator of the United States of Indonesia, and the regent of Sumbawa Regency between 1959 and 1960. He was also active in the politics of the State of East Indonesia, where he chaired its legislature between 1947 and its dissolution in 1950.
Nadjamuddin Daeng Malewa was an East Indonesian politician and bureaucrat who served as the first prime minister of the State of East Indonesia from January to September 1947. Prior to becoming prime minister, he briefly served as mayor of Makassar from August to September 1945 and was active in the Indonesian nationalist movement.
Semuel Jusof Warouw was an Indonesian physician who served as Prime Minister of the State of East Indonesia briefly in 1947, in addition to being Minister of Health within NIT between 1947 and 1949.
Martinus Putuhena was an Indonesian civil engineer and politician. He was the Minister of Public Works between 1945 and 1947 under Sutan Sjahrir during the Indonesian National Revolution, and in 1950 briefly served as the Prime Minister for the State of East Indonesia prior to its dissolution.
The Provisional Representative Body of East Indonesia was the lower house of the legislature of the State of East Indonesia, a constituent of the United States of Indonesia. It was formed at the Denpasar Conference in 1946, and dissolved in 1950.