Calonarius osloensis | |
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Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Fungi |
Division: | Basidiomycota |
Class: | Agaricomycetes |
Order: | Agaricales |
Family: | Cortinariaceae |
Genus: | Calonarius |
Species: | C. osloensis |
Binomial name | |
Calonarius osloensis (Brandrud, T.S. Jeppesen & Frøslev) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022) | |
Synonyms | |
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Calonarius osloensis | |
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Gills on hymenium | |
Cap is convex | |
Stipe has a cortina | |
Ecology is mycorrhizal |
Calonarius osloensis is a species of fungus in the family Cortinariaceae. [2]
The species was described in 2014 and classified as Cortinarius osloensis. [1]
In 2022 the species was transferred from Cortinarius and reclassified as Calonarius osloensis based on genomic data. [3]
The cap of Calonarius osloensis is 3-7 cm, first convex, then flattening out with age. The surface of the cap is sticky, glossy and smooth, though the centre sometimes has dense, matted hairs. The colour of the cap changes little with age, other than the margin darkening from white to ochre, the rest of the cap staying ochre yellow to brown. [4]
The flesh is white when young, with spots on the stipe that stain yellowish-gray when wet. When damaged by a snail bite, the flesh can turn yellow.It does not change colour when stained with KOH. It has a radish- to dust-like earthy smell. Similarly, it tastes like radishes. [4]
The stipe measures 4-6 x .8-1.5 cm and has a marginate bulb at its bottom that is up to 3 cm wide. It has a universal veil that can vary in prominence, and is yellow when young, later turning brown, and slightly sticky. The stipe has a white, abundant cortina. [4]
Calonarius osloensis has crowded, 3-6 mm wide, yellowish gills, with slightly scalloped to serrated edges. [4]
The spores measure 11-12.5 x 6.5-7.5 μm, and are lemon-shaped, with distinct warts, and a suprahilar plage (smooth part of spore next to hilar appendix). The basidia are 9 x 11 μm wide, and bear 4 spores each. The trama of the gills measure 3-20 μm wide. [4]
It is native to south east Norway, specifically the Oslofjord area. [1] It forms mycorrhiza with small-leaved linden trees, in calcareous (calcium-carbonate rich), shallow, soils with little leaf litter or humus.
The IUCN estimates there are 260 mature individuals of this species left, with a continuing decline. It is therefore listed as endangered. Threats to the species include the decline of calcareous linden forests due to the land being developed for residential areas, or limestone quarries. Additionally, the invasion of Picea abies (Norway spruce) trees from adjacent plantations, as well as increased thickets of Ash and Maple, cause the soils to become more humid and acidic. [1]
It can be distinguished from Cortinarius calochrous by its yellow gills. Cortinarius humolens, while having a similar odour to Calonarius osloensis, has larger fruiting bodies, and smaller spores, as well having an olive-greenish tint and a larger, flatter bulb. Cortinarius humolens is also found with holly oak rather than the small-leaved linden. The cap of Cortinarius langeorum is stained dark red by KOH, and its gills are gray rather than yellow, which distinguishes it from Calonarius osloensis. [4]
Cortinarius mucosus, commonly known as the orange webcap or the slimy cortinarius, is a species of mushroom in the family Cortinariaceae. In North America, the species is more commonly associated with northern coniferous forests. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin word mucosus, meaning mucus.
Phlegmacium triumphans, also known as the birch webcap, or yellow girdled webcap is a basidiomycete mushroom in the family Cortinariaceae. It is found in Europe and regarded as edible by some authorities, although others call it suspect and it resembles inedible species.
Cortinarius varius, also known as the contrary webcap, is a basidiomycete mushroom of the genus Cortinarius. The mushroom has orangish-yellow caps that reach up to 10 cm (3.9 in) in diameter, and thick club-shaped stems up to 10 cm (3.9 in) long.
Cortinarius badiolaevis is a fungus in the family Cortinariaceae. The species produces mushrooms with smooth, red-brown caps up to 5 centimetres (2.0 in) in diameter, after which it is named. It has a white stem, and yellow-brown gills. It was first described in 2011, based on specimens collected in the 1990s and 2000s. C. badiolaevis is part of the subgenus Telamonia, but is not part of any known section, and does not have any close relatives within the genus. The rare species is known from Sweden and Spain, where it grows from soil in coniferous woodland.
Cortinarius camphoratus, commonly known as the goatcheese webcap, is an agaric fungus in the family Cortinariaceae. The fungus is found in Europe and North America, where its fruit bodies (mushrooms) grow on the ground in a mycorrhizal association with spruce and firs in coniferous forests. Mushrooms are characterized by pale blue lilac colors when young, and a strong distinctive odor. Sources disagree as to the edibility of the mushroom, but they are generally not recommended for eating.
Phlegmacium basorapulum is a species of truffle-like fungus in the family Cortinariaceae. Found in New South Wales, Australia, the species was described as new to science in 2010.
Thaxterogaster nebulobrunneus is a species of truffle-like fungus in the family Cortinariaceae. Found in New South Wales, Australia, the species was described as new to science in 2010.
Cortinarius bovarius is an agaric fungus in the family Cortinariaceae. Described as new to science in 2013, it is found in western North America. The specific epithet bovarius refers to the similarity to the European lookalike Cortinarius bovinus.
Austrocortinarius australiensis, commonly known as the skirt webcap, is a species of mushroom in the family Cortinariaceae which is native to Australia and New Zealand. The white mushrooms appear in autumn and can grow very large, with their caps reaching 30 cm (12 in) in diameter.
Calonarius flavipallens is a species of agaric fungus in the family Cortinariaceae.
Calonarius luteicolor is a species of fungus in the family Cortinariaceae.
Calonarius pseudocupreorufus is a species of fungus in the family Cortinariaceae.
Phlegmacium boreicyanites is a species of fungus in the family Cortinariaceae
Thaxterogaster caesiophylloides is a species of fungus in family Cortinariaceae.
Calonarius xanthodryophilus is a species of fungus in the family Cortinariaceae.
Phlegmacium glaucopus is a species of fungus in the family Cortinariaceae. It is commonly known as the blue-foot webcap.
Calonarius verrucisporus is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Cortinariaceae.
Calonarius cupreorufus is a species of fungus in the family Cortinariaceae.
Calonarius is a genus of fungi in the family Cortinariaceae.
Calonarius viridirubescens is a species of gilled mushroom. First described to science in 1997, this species was previously classified as Cortinarius viridirubescens, and is thus commonly known as the yellow-green cort.