| Caloplaca cerina | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Teloschistales |
| Family: | Teloschistaceae |
| Genus: | Caloplaca |
| Species: | C. cerina |
| Binomial name | |
| Caloplaca cerina Ehrh. ex Hedwig | |
Caloplaca cerina, also known as the gray-rimmed firedot lichen, is a species of lichen. It is part of the monophyletic Caloplaca cerina species group and is the type species of the genus Caloplaca . [1]
Caloplaca cerina has a crustose thallus, typically dark grey to white. [1] It has a thalline margin , although this is sometimes thin and difficult to note. [2] However its appearance can be very variable; as a result, many specimens that have been identified as Caloplaca cerina are actually other species. One study that examined 3,000 specimens of Caloplaca cerina found that roughly 1,000 were other species. [2]
It is very common on tree bark, particularly on poplar and elm trees. [3]
The Cladoniaceae are a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Lecanorales, comprising about 560 species distributed amongst 18 genera. This family is one of the largest among lichen-forming fungi and is globally distributed, from Arctic tundra to tropical rainforests, favouring humid environments while being intolerant of arid conditions. Molecular phylogenetics has significantly advanced the understanding of their complex taxonomic history, revealing intricate evolutionary relationships and leading to a refined classification. Notable members include reindeer moss and cup lichens of the genus Cladonia, which consist of about 500 species and forms a significant part of the diet for large mammals in taiga and tundra ecosystems.
Physcia stellaris is a species of lichen. It is pale grey, but darker in the centre, and lacks isidia, lobules, soredia and pruina.It tests positive K+ yellow upper cortex with a 10% potassium hydroxide solution. In North America, it is known colloquially as the fringed rosette lichen.
Hypogymnia is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. They are commonly known as tube lichens, bone lichens, or pillow lichens. Most species lack rhizines that are otherwise common in members of the Parmeliaceae, and have swollen lobes that are usually hollow. Other common characteristics are relatively small spores and the presence of physodic acid and related lichen products. The lichens usually grow on the bark and wood of coniferous trees.
Candelariella is a genus of bright yellow, ocher, or greenish yellow crustose or squamulose lichens in the family Candelariaceae. Members of the genus are commonly called eggyolk lichens, goldspeck lichens, or yolk lichens. The genus was circumscribed in 1894 by Swiss lichenologist Johannes Müller Argoviensis, with Candelariella vitellina assigned as the type species.
Aino Marjatta Henssen, was a German lichenologist and systematist. Her father, Gottfried Henssen, was a folklorist and her mother was Finnish.
Caloplaca vainioi is a species of crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is based on the name Placodium brebissonii var. microspora, collected by Friedrich Welwitsch in Angola and described by Edvard August Vainio in 1901. In 1979, lichenologists Josef Hafellner and Josef Poelt renamed this taxon to Caloplaca vainioi. Thorsten Lumbsch and colleagues indicated that this species is the same as Caloplaca cateileoides, and proposed placing the two in synonymy. However, Clifford Wetmore questioned the synonymy of these species, noting that their lichen spot tests and hymenium colour were different, and suggested that "further collections and study are necessary".
John Walter Thomson Jr. (1913–2009) was a Scottish-born American botanist and lichenologist, sometimes referred to as the "Dean of North American Lichens".
Robert "Bob" Shaw Egan is a botanist and lichenologist, specializing in the family Parmeliaceae. He was the president of the American Bryological and Lichenological Society from 1999 to 2001.
Candelariella antennaria, or the pussytoes eggyolk lichen, is a lichen commonly distributed in North America, and has been observed in South America, Asia, Australia, and Europe. It is characterized by its gray thallus and bright yellow apothecia, as well as its very small size.
Punctelia bolliana, the eastern speckled shield lichen, is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is found in North America, with a distribution extending from the Canadian province of Ontario south to the central and northeastern United States and Mexico. It grows on the bark of both deciduous trees and coniferous trees. The combination of characteristics that distinguishes this species from others in genus Punctelia are the absence of the vegetative propagules isidia and soralia, a pale brown lower thallus surface, and the presence of the secondary chemical protolichesterinic acid in the medulla.
Punctelia graminicola is a species of foliose (leafy) lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It grows on rocks, and, less frequently, on bark in North America, South America, and East Africa. It has a blue-grey thallus measuring up to about 15 cm (6 in), covered with tiny pores called pseudocyphellae. Sometimes the lichen forms small lobes that project out from the surface. Fruiting bodies are uncommon in this species; if present, they resemble small cups with a brown internal disc measuring 3–10 mm (0.1–0.4 in) in diameter. A lookalike species, Punctelia hypoleucites, is not readily distinguishable from Punctelia graminicola by appearance or habitat alone; these species can only be reliably differentiated by examining the length of their conidia.
Hypogymnia krogiae, commonly known as the freckled tube lichen, is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in North America, it was described as a new species in 1973 by Karl Ohlsson. The type specimen was collected near Cheat Bridge, West Virginia by Mason Hale in 1956.
Apatoplaca is a fungal genus in the family Teloschistaceae. It is monotypic, containing a single species, the rare crustose lichen Apatoplaca oblongula, found in the United States.
Ramalina americana, commonly known as the sinewed ramalina, is a pale green fruticose lichen that is found across the Northern US Midwest, extending into Southern Canada and the Eastern Seaboard. It is characterized morphologically by the presence of pseudocyphellae, straight spores, and its unique chemical diversity.
Amazonotrema is a monotypic genus of lichenised fungi in the family Graphidaceae. It was circumscribed in 2009 by Klaus Kalb and Robert Lücking for the species Amazonotrema nigrum. The type specimen of A. nigrum was collected from virgin rainforest along the Rio Negro in the Brazilian state of Amazonas.
Fuscopannaria leucosticta, commonly known as the rimmed shingle lichen, is a species of lichen in the family Pannariaceae. It has a squamulose (scaley) thallus that lacks soredia and isidia, but has abundant apothecia with distinct white rims. Although its main centres of distribution are eastern North America and southeast Asia, where it grows in damp forests, it has been reported from various other high-altitude, humid locations.
Verseghya thysanophora, commonly known as the mapledust lichen, is a species of mostly corticolous (bark-dwelling), leprose lichen in the family Pertusariaceae. This common species is widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. The thallus of the lichen is a thin patchy layer of granular soredia, pale green to yellowish green in colour. The main characteristics of the lichen include the presence of lichen products known as thysanophora unknowns, and the conspicuous white, fibrous prothallus that encircles the thallus.
Caloplaca cupulifera is a widely distributed species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It has a chrome-yellow thallus with bright yellow cup-shaped soredia. Although originally described as a new species in 1915 and placed in the large genus Caloplaca in 1931, modern molecular phylogenetics suggests that its classification requires an update.
Gallowayella galericulata is a species of corticolous and lignicolous lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. This species has small, orange, foliose (leafy), loosely adnate thalli that form either compact colonies or spread extensively. The lobes of the thallus are typically curved inward, and often form a characteristic helmet- or hood-like shape. Found in dry regions of the western United States, it colonises bark and wood, particularly favouring dry twigs of various shrubs and trees.
Caloplaca edwardiana is a species of lichen-forming fungus in the family Teloschistaceae. It was described as new to science in 2019 by Jordan Hoffman and James Lendemer. It has been found in the southern Appalachian Mountains of eastern North America; more specifically, Alabama, Georgia, and Tennessee.