| Industry | Shipbuilding |
|---|---|
| Founded | 1861 |
| Defunct | 2003 |
| Fate | Absorbed |
| Successor | Azimut-Benetti |
| Headquarters | Livorno, Italy |
Cantiere navale fratelli Orlando (Orlando Brothers Shipyard) is an historical Italian shipyard in Livorno.
| Industry | Shipbuilding |
|---|---|
| Founded | 1861 |
| Defunct | 2003 |
| Fate | Absorbed |
| Successor | Azimut-Benetti |
| Headquarters | Livorno, Italy |
Cantiere navale fratelli Orlando (Orlando Brothers Shipyard) is an historical Italian shipyard in Livorno.
It was founded by Luigi Orlando and his brothers Giuseppe, Paolo and Salvatore who moved to Livorno from Genoa where in 1858 they had the management of Ansaldo which produced marine machines and cannons, in 1861 they directed the factory to the construction of ships. [1]
Luigi Orlando on August 31, 1865 signed a thirty years concession for the buildings and the area of the former Lazzaretto di San Rocco (Saint Roch lazaret) which was transformed in an arsenal by Tommaso Mati in 1852. [2] The shipyard entered into works the following year, and on July 29, 1867, the first ship was launched, the ironclad Conte Verde for the Regia Marina . The shipyard developed and built the gunboats Alfredo Cappellini (1868) and Faa di Bruno (1869) for the Regia Marina and on March 17, 1883 the most difficult launch was that of the ironclad Lepanto, on project by Benedetto Brin, because of the inadequacy of the dock. The Lepanto was entirely built by the shipyard in each part including the machineries and the armament. It was then decided to build the new Scalo Morosini (Morosini slipway) toward the entrance of the harbour in open sea to ease the launch of greater ships. The shipyard had 1,140 workers employed in 1886 and other 600 workers were occupied by Metallurgica Italiana founded by the Orlando Brothers and connected to the shipbuilding. [3]
Luigi Orlando died on June 14, 1896, and the new management had to face a decrease in the production due to the markets. In 1904 the shipyard merged into the group Società degli Alti Forni, Fonderie e Acciaierie di Terni changing the denomination in “Cantiere Navale Fratelli Orlando & C.”. Until World War I, only few ships were built for the Regia Marina, among these the armored cruiser Varese (1899) and the Pisa (1907); the most part of the naval production was for the foreigner navy as the Argentinean General Belgrano (1896) and the armored cruiser Georgios Averof of the Royal Hellenic Navy built in 1911. Following the failure of the Cantieri Gallinari (Gallinari yard), the Orlando shipyard acquired the structures and the machineries enclosed the motor yacht Makook III for the Khedive of Egypt, which was modified respect to the Gallinari project. During World War I the shipyard built submarines, cruisers, destroyers and torpedo armed motorboats, and in 1925 the name was transformed in “Cantieri Navali Orlando Società Anonima”. With the advent of the Fascism the government launched a plan to develop and renew the fleet ordering to the shipyard the construction of the heavy cruiser Trento launched on October 4, 1927; the cruiser Veinticinco de Mayo was built in 1929 for the Argentine Navy. [4]
Orlando shipyard was integrated in 1929 by the company “Odero Terni Orlando” abbreviated “OTO”, which reunited the Cantieri navali Odero , Cantiere navale del Muggiano and Vickers Terni [1] with the management transferred to Genova; OTO was incorporated in the IRI in 1933. The shipyard received numerous orders from the Regia Marina for cruisers as Gorizia (1930), Pola (1931) and the destroyers of the Oriani-class and Soldati-class while in 1937 was built the destroyer Tashkent for the Soviet Navy. The shipyard during the World War II continued to build ships as Attilio Regolo, Scipione Africano, Legionario, Velite, Corsario, Antilope, Gazzella and Camoscio all finished, while others were never completed since May 28, 1943, the allied bombings over Livorno practically destroyed the shipyard, though some mechanical workshops had been transferred in another factory and by the Naval Academy. The Armistice took effect on September 8, 1943, and the German troops occupied the shipyard until July 1944, when the Allied troops arrived. In the post-war period the Genoa management thought that the Livorno plant had to be closed, but the workers and the population decided to restore the facility, which was the main industry in town. The new director, Marcello Orlando, grandson of Luigi, projected the reconstruction according to the system of prefabrication, and the IRI disposed in February 1949 the repairing of the Morosini slipway. [4]
The Livorno shipyard and the Cantiere navale del Muggiano were incorporated by Ansaldo in 1949 and was renamed to “Ansaldo S.p.A. Stabilimento Luigi Orlando”. The shipyard was equipped with new and powerful cranes able to move on rails along the docks and allowing the installation of large prefabricated elements. In that years about 2,000 workers were employed and were built ships like the tanker Mino d’Amico (1954), Adriana Fassio (1957), Antonietta Fassio (1960), the frigate Centauro (1954), the destroyers Indomito (1955) and Intrepido (1962) for the Italian Navy and the Almirante Clemente-class destroyer: Almirante Clemente (1954), General Jose J. Flores (1954), General Jose Moran (1955) and Almirante Brion (1955), General Juan de Austria (1956) and Almirante Garcia (1956) for the Venezuelan Navy. [4]
In 1964 Ansaldo decided to dispose of the shipyard and it was acquired by “Cantiere navale Luigi Orlando S.p.A.” which returned to its own autonomy. The shipyard built frigates and corvettes for the Indonesian Navy, fishing boats for the South Korea, ferries for Italy, tankers, gas carriers, bulk carriers. In 1967 was projected to build a new large dry dock capable of repairing ships up to 300,000 tons, it is the major in the Mediterranean region. The shipyard slowed the production utilizing the Umbria slipway launching 13 Espresso-class ferries for Traghetti del Mediterraneo, ro-ro cargo, gas carriers and tankers. [4]
The shipyard was merged into Fincantieri on January 1, 1984 with the denomination “Fincantieri Cantieri Navali Italiani S.p.A. Stabilimento di Livorno”. The shipyard built fourteen ships as ro-ro containers, tankers and ferries. In order to be economical Fincantieri understood that was not possible to compete in the international market with an unfit plant to manufacture fast ferries, in 1995 decided to close the Livorno shipyard. [4]
The "Cantiere navale fratelli Orlando s.c.r.l." was created on January 1, 1996 by a consortium of five cooperatives to start a society composed by the 360 employees of the shipyard. The new cooperative continued to produce and repair ships, were built: Monte Bello (1997), Giovanni Fagioli (1998), Mimmo Ievoli (1998), Ievoli Shine (1998), Isola Amaranto (1999), Montallegro (1999), Enrico Ievoli (1999), Isola Atlantica (2000), Mega Express (2001), Mega Express Two (2001), Gennaro Ievoli (2003) and the last one Pertinacia (2003). [5] Despite the sacrifices of the workers other factors influenced the survival of the shipyard as the market crisis, the Asian competitors, the absence of an entrepreneurial tradition of the management and the building of the two Mega Express for Corsica Ferries - Sardinia Ferries which caused heavy financial losses leading to the closure of the shipyard in 2002. The historical shipyard was acquired by Azimut-Benetti, builders of luxury yachts in 2003. [4]
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The Soldato class was a class of destroyers of the Italian Regia Marina built by Ansaldo of Genoa prior to the First World War. Ten were built for the Regia Marina between 1905 and 1910, while an eleventh ship was built for China but purchased by Italy before completion. They served during the First World War, where one was lost, with the remaining ships sold for scrap in the 1920s and early 1930s.
Etruria was a protected cruiser of the Italian Regia Marina built in the 1891 by Cantiere navale fratelli Orlando Livorno. She was the third of six vessels of the Regioni class, all of which were named for current, or in the case of Etruria, former regions of Italy. The ship was equipped with a main armament of four 15 cm (5.9 in) and six 12 cm (4.7 in) guns, and she could steam at a speed of 18 knots.
Cantieri navali Odero is a defunct Italian shipyard. Founded in 1846 by the Westerman brothers in Genoa-Sestri Ponente, the company was taken over by Nicolò Odero in 1872. Together with the Ansaldo-San Giorgio shipyard at Muggiano and the armament works of Vickers-Terni, it was amalgamated into Odero-Terni by Attilio Odero, which, in turn, absorbed the Cantiere navale fratelli Orlando of Livorno two years later. The consolidated company became the Società per la Costruzione di Navi, Macchine ed Artiglierie Odero-Terni-Orlando (OTO). The shipyard was closed in 1949.
Cantiere navale del Muggiano is a defunct Italian shipbuilding company. Founded in 1883 in Muggiano, it was combined with the Cantiere navale di Ancona into the Officine e Cantieri Liguri-Anconetani in 1899 and then, together with the Cantiere navale di Palermo, amalgamated into Cantieri Navali Riuniti (CNR) on 31 January 1906. FIAT-San Giorgio, owners of the adjacent submarine shipyard, purchased the shipyard from CNR in 1913 to increase their production capacity. Gio. Ansaldo & C. bought out FIAT in 1918 and the company was renamed Ansaldo-San Giorgio. Ansaldo was forced to sell its half to Attilio Odero in 1921. Once Odero gained control of the Vickers-Terni armament works in 1927, he amalgamated the shipyard with his other facilities into Odero-Terni. He acquired the Cantiere navale fratelli Orlando in 1929 and renamed the company, Società per la Costruzione di Navi, Macchine ed Artiglierie Odero-Terni-Orlando (OTO). It was merged into Fincantieri in 1984.
Cantiere della Foce was an Italian shipyard founded around 1800 in the village of Foce at the mouth of the Bisagno River. It built its first warship in 1804, but shipbuilding was very intermittent until the Kingdom of Sardinia acquired Liguria in 1815.
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The Cantieri navali Tosi di Taranto is a defunct Italian shipyard founded in 1914 by engineering company Franco Tosi & C. Between World War I and World War II it specialized in building submarines. The company never really recovered from the devastation from World War II and it was one of the first acquisitions of the newly formed financial holding company, Fincantieri, on 29 December 1959. The shipyard closed on 31 December 1990.
Aretusa was a torpedo cruiser of the Partenope class built for the Italian Regia Marina in the 1880s. Laid down in June 1889 at the Cantiere navale fratelli Orlando shipyard, she was launched in March 1891 and was commissioned in September 1892. Her main armament were her six torpedo tubes, which were supported by a battery of ten small-caliber guns. Aretusa spent most of her career in the main Italian fleet, where she was primarily occupied with training exercises. At the start of the Italo-Turkish War in September 1911, she was assigned to the Red Sea Squadron in Italian Eritrea. She bombarded Ottoman positions in the Arabian Peninsula and took part in a blockade of the coast. Worn out by the end of the war in October 1912, Aretusa was sold for scrap that December and broken up.
Caprera was a torpedo cruiser of the Partenope class built for the Italian Regia Marina in the 1880s. She was built by the Cantiere navale fratelli Orlando shipyard; her keel was laid in July 1891, she was launched in May 1894, and was commissioned in December 1895. Her main armament were her five torpedo tubes, which were supported by a battery of eleven small-caliber guns. Caprera spent most of her career in the main Italian fleet, where she was primarily occupied with training exercises. She served in the Red Sea during the Italo-Turkish War of 1911–12, where she conducted shore bombardments and blockaded Ottoman ports in the area. Caprera did not remain in service long after the war, being sold for scrap in May 1913.
Calatafimi was a torpedo cruiser of the Partenope class built for the Italian Regia Marina in the 1880s. She was built by the Cantiere navale fratelli Orlando shipyard; her keel was laid in July 1891, she was launched in May 1894, and was commissioned in December 1895. Her main armament were her five torpedo tubes, which were supported by a battery of eleven small-caliber guns. Calatafimi spent most of her career in the main Italian fleet, where she was primarily occupied with training exercises. The ship was sold in March 1907 and broken up for scrap.
Antonio Pigafetta was one of a dozen Navigatori-class destroyers built for the Regia Marina in the late 1920s. Completed in 1931, she served in World War II.
Emanuele Pessagno was one of a dozen Navigatori-class destroyers built for the Regia Marina in the late 1920s. Completed in 1930, she served in World War II.
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