Capsicum rhomboideum

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Capsicum rhomboideum
Capsicum rhomboideum at flowering.jpg
Capsicum rhomboideum at flowering featuring yellow flowers.
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Solanales
Family: Solanaceae
Genus: Capsicum
Species:
C. rhomboideum
Binomial name
Capsicum rhomboideum
(Dunal) Kuntze
Synonyms [1]
  • Capsicum ciliatum(Kunth) Kuntze
  • Witheringia ciliata Kunth

Capsicum rhomboideum is a perennial member of the genus Capsicum with 2n=2x=26, and is considered a distant wild relative of the chili pepper. Its fruit do not have any pungency, and are a 0 on the Scoville Heat Unit scale. [2] [3] It gets its name from the rhomboidal to elliptical shape of its leaves. [4] It is native to Mexico, Central America, and Andean region of South America. [5] [6]

Contents

Plant description

Capsicum rhomboideum is typically a perennial shrub. It is densely covered in trichomes, making it pubescent. It is best identified by its rhomboidal to elliptically-shaped leaves. The flowers have a five-toothed calyx and yellow bell-shaped corolla. [5] [7] The pollen grains are extremely small, 15 μm. [8] Mature fruit of C. rhomboideum are pea-shaped and sized, bright red to black when fresh, and they darken as they dry. They typically bear 2-6 seed per fruit. The seeds are brown. [4]

Genome

The genome of C. rhomboideum is smaller than that of C. annuum. In the specific differentiation, C. rhomboideum likely underwent genome size reduction. Approximately 5% of the genome is heterochromatic. [6] The typical Capsicum has 2n=24, and since 2n=26 in C. rhomboideum , causing it to be reclassified from Capsicum ciliatum in 2001. [4]

References

  1. ↑ "Fatalii's Empire - C. Rhomboideum".
  2. ↑ Jarret, Robert L. (August 22, 2008). "DNA Barcoding in a Crop Genebank: The Capsicum annuum Species Complex". The Open Biology Journal. 1 (1): 35–42. doi: 10.2174/1874196700801010035 .
  3. ↑ Russo, V. M. (2012-01-01). Peppers: Botany, Production and Uses. CABI. ISBN   9781845937843.
  4. 1 2 3 Barboza, Gloria E. (2011-02-11). "Lectotypifications, synonymy, and a new name in Capsicum (Solanoideae, Solanaceae)". PhytoKeys (2): 23–38. doi: 10.3897/PhytoKeys.2.730 . ISSN   1314-2011. PMC   3174431 . PMID   22171173.
  5. 1 2 Scaldaferro, Marisel A.; da Cruz, M. Victoria Romero; Cecchini, Nicolás M.; Moscone, Eduardo A. (2015-11-18). "FISH and AgNor mapping of the 45S and 5S rRNA genes in wild and cultivated species of Capsicum (Solananceae)". Genome. 59 (2): 95–113. doi:10.1139/gen-2015-0099. hdl: 11336/113316 . ISSN   0831-2796. PMID   26853884.
  6. 1 2 Moscone, Eduardo (2007). Spooner (ed.). "The Evolution of Chili Peppers (Capsicum - Solanaceae): a Cytogenetic Perspective". Acta Hort (745): 137–170. doi:10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.745.5. Archived from the original on 2017-03-05. Retrieved 2016-02-20.
  7. ↑ Barboza, Gloria E.; Bianchetti, Luciano De Bem (2005). "Three New Species of Capsicum (Solanaceae) and a Key to the Wild Species from Brazil". Systematic Botany. 30 (4): 863–871. doi:10.1600/036364405775097905. hdl: 11336/38870 . S2CID   85972658.
  8. ↑ Bo, María Laura; García, Carolina Carrizo (2015-01-02). "Pollen phenotyping and performance in rocoto chili (Capsicum pubescens Ruiz et Pav., Solanaceae)". Grana. 54 (1): 37–44. doi:10.1080/00173134.2014.985606. hdl: 11336/12419 . ISSN   0017-3134. S2CID   85079130.
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