Cardueae

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Cardueae
Chateau d'Hutaud - Cynara cardunculus - Gaillac.jpg
Artichoke flower head
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Subfamily: Carduoideae
Tribe: Cardueae
Cass. (1819) [1] [2]
Subtribes

Cardopatiinae [3]
Carduinae
Carlininae
Centaureinae
Echinopsidinae

Contents

Synonyms [1]

The Cardueae are a tribe of flowering plants in the daisy family (Asteraceae) and the subfamily Carduoideae. [5] Most of them are commonly known as thistles; [6] four of the best known genera are Carduus , [7] Cynara (containing the widely eaten artichoke), Cirsium , [7] and Onopordum . [7]

They are annual, biennial, or perennial herbs. Many species are thorny on leaves, stems, or involucre, and some have laticifers or resin conduits. Almost 80 genera comprising 2500 species are assigned to this tribe, [8] native of temperate regions of Europe and Asia (especially the Mediterranean region and Minor Asia), Australia and tropical Africa; only three [9] genera contain species native to the Americas. [10]

Taxonomy

The correct name for the tribe has been disputed. In 1806, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and Augustin Pyramus de Candolle published the name Cynarocephalae. This is a descriptive name, referring to the bluish colour of the flower heads. Such descriptive names for tribes are not valid under the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, which requires them to be based on a generic name. The name has been corrected by some authors to Cynareae, but this was not the name that was published in 1806. Christian Friedrich Lessing published Cynareae in 1830, but Henri Cassini had already published Cardueae in 1819, and as Lessing included Carduus in Cynareae, his name was superfluous. [4] [2]

Some authors have divided the plants traditionally held to be in this tribe into three tribes: Cynareae in the narrow sense, Carlineae, and Echinopeae. However, other authors have retained the traditional broader classification. [11]

Subtribes and genera

Related Research Articles

<i>Cirsium</i> Genus of flowering plants in the daisy family Asteraceae

Cirsium is a genus of perennial and biennial flowering plants in the Asteraceae, one of several genera known commonly as thistles. They are more precisely known as plume thistles. These differ from other thistle genera in having a seed with a pappus of feathered hairs on their achenes. The other genera have a pappus of simple unbranched hairs.

<i>Carduus</i> Genus of flowering plants in the daisy family

Carduus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, and the tribe Cardueae, one of two genera considered to be true thistles, the other being Cirsium. Plants of the genus are known commonly as plumeless thistles. They are native to temperate Eurasia and North Africa, and several are known elsewhere as introduced species. This genus is noted for its disproportionately high number of noxious weeds compared to other flowering plant genera.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thistle</span> Common name of a group of flowering plants

Thistle is the common name of a group of flowering plants characterized by leaves with sharp spikes on the margins, mostly in the family Asteraceae. Prickles can also occur all over the plant – on the stem and on the flat parts of the leaves. These prickles protect the plant from herbivores. Typically, an involucre with a clasping shape similar to a cup or urn subtends each of a thistle's flower heads. The typically feathery pappus of a ripe thistle flower is known as thistle-down.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Heliantheae</span> Tribe of sunflower plants

The Heliantheae are the third-largest tribe in the sunflower family (Asteraceae). With some 190 genera and nearly 2500 recognized species, only the tribes Senecioneae and Astereae are larger. The name is derived from the genus Helianthus, which is Greek for sun flower. Most genera and species are found in North America and South America. A few genera are pantropical.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eupatorieae</span> Tribe of plants

Eupatorieae is a tribe of over 2000 species of plants in the family Asteraceae. Most of the species are native to tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate areas of the Americas, but some are found elsewhere. Well-known members are Stevia rebaudiana, a number of medicinal plants (Eupatorium), and a variety of late summer to autumn blooming garden flowers, including Ageratum (flossflower), Conoclinium (mistflower), and Liatris.

<i>Rhaponticum</i> Genus of flowering plants in the daisy family Asteraceae

Rhaponticum is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe Cardueae within the family Asteraceae. As of November 2023, it is accepted by Plants of the World Online, but rejected by the Global Compositae Database in favour of Leuzea.

<i>Serratula</i> Genus of plants

Serratula is a genus of plants in the tribe Cardueae within the family Asteraceae native to Eurasia. Plumeless saw-wort is a common name for plants in this genus. Serratula as traditionally defined contains at least two groups: one of which is basal within the subtribe Centaureinae and one of which is derived; the former group can be moved to the genus Klasea.

<i>Cousinia</i> Genus of flowering plants

The genus Cousinia of the tribe Cardueae is in its current circumscription one of the larger genera in the Asteraceae, with approximately 650-700 described species distributed in central and western Asia.

Oligochaeta is a genus of Asian flowering plants in the tribe Cardueae within the family Asteraceae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anthemideae</span> Tribe of flowering plants in Asteraceae family

Anthemideae is a tribe of flowering plants in the subfamily Asteroideae, which is part of the family Asteraceae. They are distributed worldwide, with concentrations in central Asia, the Mediterranean Basin, and southern Africa. Most species of plant known as chamomile belong to genera of this tribe.

<i>Jurinea</i> Genus of flowering plants

Jurinea is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.

<i>Olgaea</i> Genus of flowering plants

Olgaea is a genus of Asian plants in the tribe Cardueae within the family Asteraceae, having a typical thistle appearance.

Hirtellina is a genus of flowering plants in the thistle tribe Cardueae within the daisy family Asteraceae.

<i>Larinus turbinatus</i> Species of beetle

Larinus turbinatus is a species of true weevil in the family of beetles known as Curculionidae.

Vernonioideae is a subfamily of the sunflower family, Asteraceae. It includes seven or more tribes, some of which contain subtribes.

<i>Afrocarduus</i> Genus of flowering plants

Afrocarduus is a genus of flowering plants in the sunflower family, Asteraceae. It includes ten species of thistles native to the mountains of tropical Africa, ranging from Nigeria to Ethiopia and Zimbabwe.

Afrocirsium is a genus of flowering plants in the sunflower family, Asteraceae. It includes three species of thistles native to the mountains of eastern tropical Africa.

Nuriaea is a genus of flowering plants in the sunflower family, Asteraceae. It includes two species of thistles, Nuriaea dender and Nuriaea engleriana, which are endemic to Ethiopia.

References

  1. 1 2 Compositae Working Group (CWG), "Cardueae Cass.", Global Compositae Database, retrieved 2023-05-12
  2. 1 2 3 "trib. Cynareae Less." The International Plant Names Index . Retrieved 2023-05-12.
  3. ↑ Susanna, Alfonso.; Garcia-Jacas, Núria; Hidalgo, Oriane; Vilatersana, Roser; Garnatje, Teresa (2006). "THE CARDUEAE (COMPOSITAE) REVISITED: INSIGHTS FROM ITS, trnL-trnF, AND matK NUCLEAR AND CHLOROPLAST DNA ANALYSIS1, 2" (PDF). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 93: 150–171. doi:10.3417/0026-6493(2006)93[150:TCCRIF]2.0.CO;2. hdl: 10261/29764 .
  4. 1 2 "trib. Cynarocephalae Lam. & DC." The International Plant Names Index . Retrieved 2023-05-12.
  5. ↑ Panero, JL; VA Funk (2002-12-30). "Toward a phylogenetic subfamilial classification for the Compositae (Asteraceae)" (PDF). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 115 (4). Biological Society of Washington: 909–922. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-09-14. Retrieved 2007-08-12.
  6. ↑ "Cardueae". Tree of Life webproject. Retrieved 2012-10-31.
  7. 1 2 3 "thistle". Merriam-Webster's online dictionary. Retrieved 2007-11-30.
  8. ↑ Dittrich, 1977, The Biology and Chemistry of the Compositae 2:1017-1038
  9. ↑ "Cirsium". Flora of North America.
  10. ↑ Bremer 1994 Asteraceae : Cladistic and Classification [Tribe Carduae: 112-156]
  11. ↑ "tribe Cynareae". Flora of North America. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
  12. 1 2 3 Moreyra, Lucía D., Núria Garcia-Jacas, Cristina Roquet, Jennifer R. Ackerfield, Turan Arabacı, Carme Blanco-Gavaldà, Christian Brochmann, Juan Antonio Calleja, Tuncay Dirmenci, Kazumi Fujikawa, and et al. 2023. African Mountain Thistles: Three New Genera in the Carduus-Cirsium Group. Plants 12, no. 17: 3083. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12173083


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