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The Boletaceae are a family of mushroom-forming fungi, primarily characterised by small pores on the spore-bearing hymenial surface, instead of gills as are found in most agarics. Nearly as widely distributed as the agarics, the family is renowned for hosting some prime edible species highly sought after by mushroom hunters worldwide, such as the cep or king bolete . A number of rare or threatened species are also present in the family, that have become the focus of increasing conservation concerns. As a whole, the typical members of the family are commonly known as boletes.
The Amanitaceae is a family of mushroom-forming fungi. Amanita Pers. is one of the most specious and best-known fungal genera. The family, also commonly called the amanita family, is in order Agaricales, the gilled mushrooms. The family consists primarily of the large genus Amanita, but also includes the smaller genera Amarrendia, Catatrama, Limacella, Limacellopsis, Saproamanita, Torrendia and Zhuliangomyces. Both Amarrendia and Torrendia are considered to be synonymous with Amanita but appear quite different because they are secotioid.
Limacella is a genus of mushroom-forming fungi in the family Amanitaceae in order Agaricales. Some of the species have been classified as members of genus Lepiota. Limacella was described by mycologist Franklin Sumner Earle in 1909.
Macrolepiota is a genus of white spored, gilled mushrooms of the family Agaricaceae. The best-known member is the parasol mushroom (M. procera). The widespread genus contains about 40 species.
Acantholichen is a fungal genus in the family Hygrophoraceae. The genus was circumscribed by Norwegian lichenologist Per Magnus Jørgensen to contain the type, and at that time, only species, the basidiolichen Acantholichen pannarioides, discovered originally in Costa Rica in 1998. This species has a bluish, gelatinous thallus, and a fine, white powdery bloom covering the hairy upper surface; this surface is said to resemble "an unshaven chin". Five additional species, all basidiolichens, were added to the genus in 2016 following an in-depth analysis of specimens collected from the Galápagos, Costa Rica, Brazil and Colombia.
Exsudoporus frostii, commonly known as Frost's bolete or the apple bolete, is a bolete fungus first described scientifically in 1874. A member of the family Boletaceae, the mushrooms produced by the fungus have tubes and pores instead of gills on the underside of their caps. Exsudoporus frostii is distributed in the eastern United States from Maine to Georgia, and in the southwest from Arizona extending south to Mexico and Costa Rica. A mycorrhizal species, its fruit bodies are typically found growing near hardwood trees, especially oak.
Amanita rubrovolvata, commonly known as the red volva amanita, is a species of fungus in the family Amanitaceae. First described scientifically by the Japanese mycologist S. Imai in 1939, it is widely distributed in eastern Asia. The fungus produces small to medium-sized mushrooms, with reddish-orange caps up to 6.5 mm (0.26 in) wide. The stems are up to 100 mm (3.9 in) tall, cream above the ring and cream to yellowish below it. The stem ends in a roughly spherical bulb at the base, which is covered with bright orange patches. Neither edibility nor toxicity have been established for the fungus, but it is suspected to be associated with neurological anomalies. Several molecular studies have confirmed the mushroom's classification in the subgenus Amanita of the genus Amanita, along with closely related species such as A. muscaria.
Exsudoporus permagnificus is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae, native to Southern Europe and Western Asia. Described as new to science in 1981, the fungus was originally placed in genus Boletus. Following molecular studies outlining a new phylogenetic framework for Boletaceae, the fungus was transferred to the newly erected genus Exsudoporus in 2014, to which it is the type species. Nevertheless, Wu and colleagues (2016) were reluctant to accept the newly proposed genus due to a lack of sufficient sequences and regarded it a synonym of Butyriboletus. Following studies reinstated the status of Exsudoporus as a monophyletic genus sister to Butyriboletus, following additional collections and extended phylogenetic and morphological analyses.
Franz Oberwinkler was a German mycologist, specialising in the fungal morphology, ecology and phylogeny of basidiomycetes.
Exsudoporus is a genus of fungi in the family Boletaceae. It was circumscribed in 2014 by Alfredo Vizzini and colleagues, following a number of molecular studies that outlined a new phylogenetic framework for Boletaceae and revealed the genus Boletus in its traditional circumscription to be polyphyletic. However, due to lack of sufficient sequences, Wu and colleagues (2016) were reluctant to accept the newly proposed genus and considered it a synonym of Butyriboletus. Following additional phylogenetic sequencing and morphological analyses, Exsudoporus was clearly resolved as a monophyletic, homogenous and independent genus that is sister to Butyriboletus.
The genus Saproamanita contains about 24 species of agarics and is one of six genera in the family Amanitaceae. The others are Amanita, Catatrama, Limacellopsis, Zhuliangomyces and Limacella. Saproamanita are the saprophytic species in the Tribe Amaniteae, separately classified from the ectomycorrhizal species in the genus Amanita.
Amanita pallidorosea is a mushroom of the large genus Amanita, which occurs under beech and pine in China and Japan. It is closely related to the destroying angel A. bisporiga.
Amanita subfuliginea is a mushroom of the large genus Amanita, which occurs central and southern China. It is closely related to the east Asian death cap A. fuliginea.
Amanita griseorosea is a mushroom of the large genus Amanita, which occurs under beech in southern China. It is closely related to A. molliuscula.
Amanita molliuscula is a mushroom of the large genus Amanita, which occurs under beech in Shaanxi Province in China. It is closely related to A. griseorosea.
Amanita parviexitialis is a mushroom of the large genus Amanita, which occurs under beech in southern China.
Sutorius magnificus, known until 2014 as Boletus magnificus, is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae native to Yunnan province in China. It was transferred to the new genus Neoboletus in 2014, and then Sutorius in 2016.
Limacellopsis is a genus of mushroom-forming fungi in the family Amanitaceae in order Agaricales. Analysis of DNA sequences was used to show that Limacellopsis was separate from Limacella which is similar in appearance. The name Limacellopsis means like-Limacella.
Zhuliangomyces is a genus of mushroom-forming fungi in the family Amanitaceae in order Agaricales. Analysis of DNA sequences was used to show that Zhuliangomyces was separate from Limacella which is similar in appearance and the genus name Myxoderma was adopted. The name Myxoderma was previously used for a genus of Cyanobacteria and the fungal generic name was replaced by Zhuliangomyces.
Amanita orientigemmata, is a species of agaric fungus in the family Amanitaceae native to northeastern, northwestern and southern China, India and Japan, first described by Zhu L. Yang & Yoshimichi Doi in 1999.
References
- ↑ Franco-Molano AE. (1991). "Catatrama (Tricholomataceae), a new genus from Costa Rica". Mycologia. 83 (4): 501–505. doi:10.2307/3760361. JSTOR 3760361.
- ↑ Wartchow F, Putzke J, Cavalcanti MAQ (2007). "Catatrama costaricensis (Agaricales): a strange lepotioid fungus is found in South America". Mycotaxon. 101: 35–39.
- ↑ Yang ZL, Cai Q, Cui YY (2018). "Phylogeny, diversity and morphological evolution of Amanitaceae". Biosyst. Ecol. Ser. 34: 359–380.
- ↑ Cui YY, Cai Q, Tang LP, Liu JW, Yang ZL (2018). "The family Amanitaceae: molecular phylogeny, higher-rank taxonomy and the species in China". Fungal Diversity. 91: 5–230. doi:10.1007/s13225-018-0405-9. S2CID 256072475.
