Centracanthus

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Centracanthus
Centracanthus cirrus juv 2.jpg
Curled picarel (C. cirrus)
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Spariformes
Family: Sparidae
Genus: Centracanthus
Rafinesque, 1810
Type species
Centracanthus cirrus
Rafinesque, 1810
Species

see text

Centracanthus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. There is a single extant species in this genus, as well as an extinct species classified within the genus. The extant species is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea.

Contents

Taxonomy

Centracanthus was first proposed as a monospecific genus in 1810 by the French naturalist and polymath Constantine Samuel Rafinesque when he described Centracanthus cirrus, [1] giving its type locality as Sicily. [2] The genus was considered to be monospecific untIl a fossil species, C. pobedinae, from the Miocene was described from Kazakhstan in 2015. [3] This genus is placed in the family Sparidae within the order Spariformes by the 5th edition of Fishes of the World . [4] Some authorities classify this genus in the monotypic subfamily Centracanthinae, [5] but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise subfamilies within the Sparidae. [4] This genus and the genus Spicara were considered to belong to a separate family, Centracanthidae, but phylogenetic analyses resolved that the Sparidae was paraphyletic if Centracanthus and Spicara were not included within it. [6]

Etymology

Centracanthus is a combination of centron, meaning “point”, and acanthus, which means “thorn” or “spine”, this may be a reference to what Rafinesque described as two dorsal fins with “some rays or loose thorns between them and their membranes”. In fact, there is a single dorsal fin with a dip in its middle section. [7]

Species

There are two species classified within the genus: [8]

Characteristics

Centracanthus have strongly protrusible mouths and elongate bodies which are shallower than the length of the head and with a standard length which is 5 to 5.6 times its depth. There is a wide incision in the middle of the dorsal fin. [9] The fossil species, C. pobedinae was identified by its distinctive otoliths. [3]

Distribution

Centracanthus are found in the temperate western Atlantic Ocean as far north as Portugal and south to the Canary Islands, into the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea. [9] C. cirrus has also been reported from Cape Verde and Mauritania. [10]

Related Research Articles

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Sparidae is a family of ray-finned fishes belonging to the order Spariformes, the sea breams and porgies, although they were traditionally classified in the order Perciformes. They are found in shallow temperate and tropical waters around the world and are demersal carnivores.

<i>Calamus</i> (fish) Genus of fishes

Calamus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. Most of the species in this genus are found in the Western Atlantic Ocean, with 2 species occurring in the Eastern Pacific Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lethrinidae</span> Family of fishes

Lethrinidae are a family of ray-finned fishes belonging to the order Spariformes commonly known as emperors, emperor breams, and pigface breams.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nemipteridae</span> Family of fishes

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Common dentex</span> Species of fish

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Saddled seabream</span> Species of fish

The saddled seabream, also called the saddle bream or oblade, is a species of ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. It is the only species in the monospecific genus Oblada. This species is found in the Eastern Atlantic Ocean. It is an important food fish within its range.

<i>Diplodus</i> Genus of fishes

Diplodus is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. These fishes are found in the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and the western Indian Ocean.

<i>Archosargus</i> Genus of fishes

Archosargus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sparidae, the sea breams and porgies. These fishes occur in the Western Atlantic and Eastern Pacific Oceans.

<i>Centracanthus cirrus</i> Species of fish

Centracanthus cirrus, the curled picarel, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. This fish is found in the temperate Eastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean and Black Seas. It is the only extant species in the genus Centracanthus. This species is of minor importance to commercial fisheries.

<i>Gnathodentex</i> Genus of fishes

Gnathodentex is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Lethrinidae, the emperors or emperor breams. It is a monotypic genus, containing a single species, the goldspot seabream, also known as the striped large-eye bream. This taxon has a wide distribution in Indo-West Pacific region.

<i>Acanthopagrus</i> Genus of fishes

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<i>Dentex</i> Genus of fishes

Dentex is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. The fishes in this genus are found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the eastern Indian and Western Pacific Oceans.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Banded seabream</span> Species of fish

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">St. Helena white seabream</span> Species of fish

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<i>Diplodus annularis</i> Species of fish

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<i>Crenidens indicus</i> Species of ray-finned fish

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Parascolopsis townsendi, the scaly dwarf monocle bream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Nemipteridae, the threadfin breams. This fish is found in the Western Indian Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pink dentex</span> Species of fish

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<i>Evynnis</i> Genus of fishes

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<i>Evynnis cardinalis</i> Species of fish

Evynnis cardinalis, the threadfin porgy or cardinal seabream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This fish is found in the Western Pacific Ocean off the coasts of Eastern Asia. It is an important food fish but is classified by the IUCN as Endangered.

References

  1. ↑ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Sparidae". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 4 January 2024.
  2. ↑ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Centracanthus". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 4 January 2024.
  3. 1 2 3 A. Bratishko; W. Schwarzhans; B. Reichenbacher; Y. Vernyhorova; and S. Coric. (2015). "Fish otoliths from the Konkian (Miocene, early Serravallian) of Mangyshlak (Kazakhstan): testimony to an early endemic evolution in the Eastern Paratethys". Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 89: 839–889. doi:10.1007/s12542-015-0274-4.
  4. 1 2 Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 502–506. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN   978-1-118-34233-6. LCCN   2015037522. OCLC   951899884. OL   25909650M.
  5. ↑ Parenti, P. (2019). "An annotated checklist of the fishes of the family Sparidae". FishTaxa. 4 (2): 47–98.
  6. ↑ Kent E. Carpenter and G David Johnson (2002). "A phylogeny of sparoid fishes (Perciformes, Percoidei) based on morphology" (PDF). Ichthyological Research. 49: 114–127.
  7. ↑ "Order SPARIFORMES: Families LETHRINIDAE, NEMIPTERIDAE and SPARIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf. 22 December 2023. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
  8. ↑ Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2023). Species of Centracanthus in FishBase . October 2023 version.
  9. 1 2 Kent E. Carpenter (2016). "Sparidae". In Carpenter, K.E. and De Angelis, N. (eds.). The living marine resources of the Eastern Central Atlantic Volume 2 Bony fishes part 2 (Perciformes to Tetradontiformes) and Sea turtles (PDF). FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. Rome: FAO. pp. 2567–2620. ISBN   978-92-5-109267-5.
  10. ↑ Vakily, J.M.; Camara, S.B.; Mendy, A.N.; et al. (2002). Poissons Marins de la Sous-Région Nord-Ouest Africaine EUR 20379 FR (PDF) (in French). Bruxelles & Italy: Commission Européenne.
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