| Chami antpitta | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Grallariidae |
| Genus: | Grallaria |
| Species complex: | Grallaria rufula complex |
| Species: | G. alvarezi |
| Binomial name | |
| Grallaria alvarezi Cuervo, Cadena, Isler & Chesser, 2020 | |
 | |
The Chami antpitta (Grallaria alvarezi) is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is endemic to Colombia. [1]
What is now the Chami antpitta was thought to be an undifferentiated population of what was then the rufous antpitta (G. rufula sensu lato ). Research published in 2020 showed that it was a distinct species, and another 2020 publication confirmed that it is part of the rufous antpitta species complex of some 15 species. [2] [3] The International Ornithological Committee and the Clements taxonomy recognized the new species in 2021. [4] [5] As of early 2024 BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) had not recognized it. [6]
The common name Chami recognizes the Embera Chamí indigenous community who inhabit the western slopes of Colombian Andes. Nymphargus chami , an endemic Colombian frog, is also named for the Chamí. [7] The specific epithet alvarezi honors the Colombian ornithologist Mauricio Álvarez Rebolledo. [2]
Grallaria antpittas are a "wonderful group of plump and round antbirds whose feathers are often fluffed up...they have stout bills [and] very short tails". [8] The Chami antpitta is about 14.5 to 15 cm (5.7 to 5.9 in) long. The sexes have the same plumage. Adults are almost entirely an intense reddish brown that is deeper on the breast. The center of their belly is a lighter buffy brown with a slight scaly pattern on its lower part. Their vent and outer tail feathers are slightly lighter than their body. Their flight feathers and wing coverts have slightly dusky inner webs. Both sexes have a dark brown iris, a dusky black maxilla, a dusky black mandible with a buffy base and a pale tip, and grayish blue legs and feet. [2] [9]
The Chami antpitta is endemic to the Colombia's Western Andes from Antioquia Department south to northwestern Cauca Department and possibly beyond. Its exact habitat requirements have not been documented. However, it appears to favor the floor and understory of forest that is heavy with moss and epiphytes and has stands of Chusquea bamboo. Most reports are at elevations between 2,350 and 3,650 m (7,700 and 12,000 ft). [2] [9]
The Cauca river separates the Chami antpitta from the closely related Equatorial antpitta (G. saturata). [2]
The Chami antpitta is assumed to be resident throughout its range. [9]
The Chami antpitta's diet is not known in detail but includes arthropods, other invertebrates, and earthworms. It forages while running or hopping on the forest floor and stopping to find prey by flipping aside leaf litter and probing the soil. [9]
Nothing is known about the Chami antpitta's breeding biology. [9]
The Chami antpitta's long song is "a rapid, slightly descending trill of short, low bandwidth notes lasting ~2.5–3.5 [seconds]". Its short song is a "quick (⁓0.4–0.5 s) vocalization that begins with a single clear note, followed by a brief pause and then a fast, accelerating trill of 4–5 notes" and has a "stuttering, vaguely purring quality". It apparently sings mostly at dawn and is assumed to do so from a low perch like many other Grallaria antpittas. [9]
The IUCN follows HBW taxonomy, which does not recognize the Chami antpitta, and so has not assessed it. [10]
Grallaria is a large genus of Neotropical birds in the antpitta family Grallariidae.
The chestnut antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is endemic to Peru. In 2020, two new species previously believed to be populations of chestnut pitta were described: the Oxapampa antpitta and the Ayacucho antpitta; this has left the chestnut antpitta with a much reduced range.
The yellow-breasted antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is found in Colombia and Ecuador.
The chestnut-naped antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
The bicolored antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is found in Colombia and Ecuador.
What is now the rufous antpitta complex was long considered to be a single species, Grallaria rufula, with seven subspecies. In 2020 G. rufula was found to be a species complex of 16 species, some of which were newly described. In 2021 the International Ornithological Committee and the Clements taxonomy implemented the split of the rufous antpitta into multiple species and accepted the newly described species. The revised Grallaria rufulasensu stricto, now called the Muisca antpitta, has no subspecies and is thus monotypic according to those taxonomies. However, BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) did not fully implement the split. It retains the name rufous antpitta for Grallaria rufula and retains six of the seven previous subspecies within it. It had split only the former G. r. saltuensis as the Perija antpitta in 2018.
The Cajamarca antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is endemic to Peru.
The equatorial antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is found is Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
The Perija antpitta is a Near Threatened species of bird in the in the family Grallariidae. It is endemic to the Serranía del Perijá on the border of Colombia and Venezuela.
The Sierra Nevada antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is endemic to the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in northern Colombia.
The Chachapoyas antpitta, or Graves's antpitta, is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is endemic to Peru.
The Panao antpitta, also known as O'Neill's antpitta, is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is endemic to Peru.
The Junin antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is endemic to the Peruvian Department of Junín.
The Bolivian antpitta is a bird in the family Grallariidae. The species was first described by James Bond and Rodolphe Meyer de Schauensee in 1940. It is endemic to Bolivia. It is a member of the rufous antpitta species complex and was elevated from subspecies to species in 2020 on the basis of differences in plumage and vocalizations.
The Puno antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is found in Bolivia and Peru.
The Urubamba antpitta is a bird in the family Grallariidae. The species was first described as a subspecies by Frank Chapman in 1923. It is endemic to Peru. It is a member of the rufous antpitta species complex and was elevated from subspecies to species in 2020 on the basis of differences in plumage and vocalization. The same study also described a new subspecies of Urubamba antpitta.
The Muisca antpitta is a bird in the family Grallariidae. The species was first described by Frédéric de Lafresnaye in 1843. It was formerly called the rufous antpitta, which in 2020 was found to be a species complex composed of as many as 15 species, some of which were newly described. It is found in the Andes of northern Colombia and western Venezuela.
The Oxapampa antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is endemic to Peru. The Oxapampa antpitta was formerly believed to be a population of the chestnut antpitta, but in 2020 was described as its own species by Peter A. Hosner, Mark B. Robbins, Morton L. Isler and R. Terry Chesser.
The Ayacucho antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallaridae. It is endemic to the Peruvian department of Ayacucho. The Ayacucho antpitta was formerly believed to be a population of chestnut antpitta, but in 2020 it was described as a new species by Peter A. Hosner, Mark B. Robbins, Morton L. Isler and R. Terry Chesser.
