Charis (butterfly)

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Charis
Anius metalmark (Charis anius) male Antioquia.jpg
Anius metalmark (C.anius)
male Antioquia, Colombia
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Riodinidae
Tribe: Riodinini
Genus: Charis
Hübner, 1819 [1]
Synonyms [2]
  • Charmona Stichel, 1910
  • Charmonana Hemming, 1967
  • Charmonona Strand, 1932
  • Sarota Westwood, 1851

Charis is a genus of the Riodinini tribe of metalmark butterflies (family Riodinidae). Nineteen species have been identified within the Charis cleonus complex [3] (however, further analysis has revised this clade to contain 22 species [4] ) and eight species within the Charis gynaea group (clade). [5] Charis butterflies are common in the Neotropics and often live in primary and secondary growth. [5] The Charis cleonus group exhibits contemporary parapatric distributions throughout Amazonia and are thought to have speciated allopatrically; residing in "areas of endemism". [3] Some evidence suggests that Charis (among other Riodininae groups) are reproductively isolated by mating preferences for different topographic areas and different times—of which, may have promoted speciation between the various groups. [6]

A cladogram of species in the Charis cleonus group superimposed over a map of South America showing the biogeographic ranges or each species. Area Cladogram of Charis butterflies (Horizontal).png
A cladogram of species in the Charis cleonus group superimposed over a map of South America showing the biogeographic ranges or each species.

Species

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Riodinidae</span> Butterfly family containing the metalmarks

Riodinidae is the family of metalmark butterflies. The common name "metalmarks" refers to the small, metallic-looking spots commonly found on their wings. The 1,532 species are placed in 146 genera. Although mostly Neotropical in distribution, the family is also represented both in the Nearctic, Palearctic, Australasian (Dicallaneura), Afrotropic, and Indomalayan realms.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Riodininae</span> Subfamily of insects

Riodininae is the largest of the three subfamilies within the metalmark butterfly family, Riodinidae.

Hans Ferdinand Emil Julius Stichel was a German railways officer and amateur entomologist who specialised in Lepidoptera. His son Wolfgang Stichel became an entomologist who specialised in the bugs.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Elymniini</span> Tribe of butterflies

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Euptychiina</span> Subtribe of butterflies

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mesosemiini</span> Tribe of butterflies

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<i>Charaxes castor</i> Species of butterfly

Charaxes castor, the giant emperor or giant charaxes, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found throughout the Afrotropical realm below the Sahel.

<i>Charaxes druceanus</i> Species of butterfly

Charaxes druceanus, the silver-barred emperor or silver-barred charaxes, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found throughout tropical Africa.

<i>Charaxes hansali</i> Species of butterfly

Charaxes hansali, the cream-banded charaxes, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Tanzania, Rwanda, Kenya, Uganda, Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia, Saudi Arabia, Yemen and Oman.

Charaxes junius is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Ethiopia and Sudan. The habitat consists of forests and woodland savanna.

<i>Charaxes andranodorus</i> Species of butterfly

Charaxes andranodorus is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found on Madagascar.

<i>Charaxes eudoxus</i> Species of butterfly

Charaxes eudoxus, the Eudoxus charaxes, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, the Republic of the Congo, Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic, Sudan, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Kenya, Tanzania, Cameroon and Zambia.

Charaxes lucyae is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Tanzania.

Charaxes richelmanni is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Cameroon, Gabon, the Republic of Congo, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Tanzania. The habitat consists of lowland evergreen forests.

<i>Hermathena</i> (butterfly) Genus of butterflies

Hermathena is a genus of butterflies in the family Riodinidae containing a total of three known species. A small Neotropical genus of uncommon montane butterflies. The larvae feed on bromeliads.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nemeobiinae</span> Subfamily of insects

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<i>Styx infernalis</i> Species of butterfly

Styx is a monotypic genus of butterflies in the metalmark family Riodinidae. It consists of one species, Styx infernalis, described by Otto Staudinger in 1875. It is endemic to Peru, where it inhabits tropical montane cloud forests between the elevations of 1000-1600 meters.

References

  1. "Charis Hübner, [1819]" at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved May 19, 2017.
  2. "Charis". Global Biodiversity Information Facility . Retrieved 2024-03-27.
  3. 1 2 3 Jason P. W. Hall and Donald J. Harvey (2002), "The Phylogeography of Amazonia Revisited: New Evidence from Riodinid Butterflies", Evolution, 56 (7): 1489–1497, doi:10.1554/0014-3820(2002)056[1489:tpoarn]2.0.co;2, PMID   12206248
  4. Jason P. W. Hall and Donald J. Harvey (2002), "Phylogenetic revision of the Charis cleonus complex (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae)", Systematic Entomology, 27: 265–300, doi: 10.1046/j.1365-3113.2002.00173.x Full text:
  5. 1 2 Jason P. W. Hall and Donald J. Harvey (2001), "Phylogenetic Revision of the Charis gynaea Group (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae) with Comments on Historical Relationships Among Neotropical Areas of Endemism", Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 94 (5): 631–647, doi: 10.1603/0013-8746(2001)094[0631:protcg]2.0.co;2
  6. Curtis J. Callaghan (1983), "A study of isolating mechanisms among neotropical butterflies of the subfamily Riodininae", Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera, 21 (3): 159–176