| Chenopodium foggii | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Caryophyllales |
| Family: | Amaranthaceae |
| Genus: | Chenopodium |
| Species: | C. foggii |
| Binomial name | |
| Chenopodium foggii Wahl | |
Chenopodium foggii, commonly known as Fogg's goosefoot, is a species of annual herb found throughout eastern North America and particularly New England.
Chenopodium foggii is characterized by its predominantly narrow to ovate leaf blades and keeled sepals. [2] An annual herb that forms a thick taproot, it has black, lustrous seeds. [2] [3] It flowers from August to October. [3] Its average height ranges between 80 and 100 cm. [4]
Identification of Chenopodium foggii can be difficult. [4] Chenopodium foggii is closely related to the western species Chenopodium pratericola , although C. pratericola has thicker and narrower leaves than C. foggii. [5] It also resembles Chenopodium album , although its fruits are more oval-shaped than C. album. These species, as well as other Chenopodium species such as Berlandier's goosefoot ( Chenopodium berlandieri ) and maple-leaved goosefoot ( Chenopodiastrum simplex ), are often found in the same sites as Chenopodium foggii. [6] Goosefoot species co-occurrence presents challenges for surveying and population measurement.
Chenopodium foggii is frequently found in rocky outcrops, sparsely wooded slopes, and cliff bases. [5] It has been found in sandy, gravelly soil, particularly in Maine and New Hampshire. Recent research have found a strong association between Fogg's goosefoot and eastern red cedar in woodlands in Vermont; populations were found frequently growing around the bases of eastern red cedars or on ledges under slight overhangs. [6] Instead of sandy, gravelly soil, the populations were found in areas where the ground was composed of layers of partially or undecomposed red cedar litter and a highly decomposed, black humic soil below. [6]
The species was first collected in New England in the 1920s. Since then, it was considered extirpated, as local populations were no longer found. It was only rediscovered in the 1990s. [7]
In 2015, the Maine Natural Areas Program listed Chenopodium foggii as threatened; in New Hampshire, the species is listed as endangered. [2]
Chenopodium album is a fast-growing annual plant in the flowering plant family Amaranthaceae. Though cultivated in some regions, the plant is elsewhere considered a weed. Common names include lamb's quarters, melde, goosefoot, wild spinach and fat-hen, though the latter two are also applied to other species of the genus Chenopodium, for which reason it is often distinguished as white goosefoot.
The Chenopodioideae are a subfamily of the flowering plant family Amaranthaceae in the APG III system, which is largely based on molecular phylogeny, but were included – together with other subfamilies – in the family Chenopodiaceae, or goosefoot family, in the Cronquist system.
Chenopodium is a genus of numerous species of perennial or annual herbaceous flowering plants known as the goosefoot, which occur almost anywhere in the world. It is placed in the family Amaranthaceae in the APG II system; older classification systems, notably the widely used Cronquist system, separate it and its relatives as Chenopodiaceae, but this leaves the rest of the Amaranthaceae polyphyletic. However, among the Amaranthaceae, the genus Chenopodium is the namesake member of the subfamily Chenopodioideae.
Chenopodium vulvaria, stinking goosefoot is a foul-smelling plant that grows on bare ground in coastal habitats in the Mediterranean region and is associated with dung heaps and disturbed ground inland. It is native to southern Europe and western Asia and has spread to northern Europe other temperate parts of the world, with agriculture.
The Eastern Agricultural Complex in the woodlands of eastern North America was one of about 10 independent centers of plant domestication in the pre-historic world. Incipient agriculture dates back to about 5300 BCE. By about 1800 BCE the Native Americans of the woodlands were cultivating several species of food plants, thus beginning a transition from a hunter-gatherer economy to agriculture. After 200 BCE when maize from Mexico was introduced to the Eastern Woodlands, the Native Americans of the eastern United States and adjacent Canada slowly changed from growing local indigenous plants to a maize-based agricultural economy. The cultivation of local indigenous plants other than squash and sunflower declined and was eventually abandoned. The formerly domesticated plants returned to their wild forms.
The New England-Acadian forests are a temperate broadleaf and mixed forest ecoregion in North America that includes a variety of habitats on the hills, mountains and plateaus of New England and New York State in the Northeastern United States, and Quebec and the Maritime Provinces of Eastern Canada.
Chenopodium berlandieri, also known by the common names pitseed goosefoot, lamb's quarters, and huauzontle (Nahuatl) is an annual herbaceous plant in the family Amaranthaceae.
Oxybasis rubra, common names red goosefoot or coastblite goosefoot, is a member of the genus Oxybasis, a segregate of Chenopodium. It is native to North America and Eurasia. It is an annual plant.
Eupatorium leucolepis, commonly called justiceweed or white-bracted thoroughwort, is a herbaceous perennial plant in the family Asteraceae native from the eastern coastal United States, from New York to eastern Texas, with scattered populations inland as far as Kentucky and West Virginia.
Chenopodium curvispicatum is a species of plant in the family Amaranthaceae, endemic to Australia.
Oxybasis chenopodioides is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae known by the common name saltmarsh goosefoot. It is native to Europe, Asia and parts of Africa, where it grows on bare mud in brackish hollows in coastal grassland, inland salt steppes and salty deserts. It has spread to similar habitats in both North and South America. Its habitat is an uncommon one and is threatened by agricultural improvement in many areas, but overall its populations are stable. This species often grows with, and is easily confused with the closely-related red goosefoot.
Chenopodium leptophyllum is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae known by the common name narrowleaf goosefoot.
Chenopodium pratericola is a species of flowering plant in the goosefoot family known by the common name desert goosefoot. It is native to much of western and central North America, where it grows in many types of open habitat, such as sagebrush, often on alkaline soils.
Lewisia pygmaea is a species of flowering plant in the family Montiaceae known by the common name alpine lewisia and pygmy bitterroot. It is native to western North America from Alaska and Alberta to California and New Mexico, where it grows in many types of moist, rocky mountain habitat, such as gravel beds and sandy meadows.
Potamogeton diversifolius is a species of aquatic plant known by the common names waterthread pondweed and diverse-leaved pondweed. It is native to most of the United States, as well as sections of southwestern Canada, and northern Mexico, where it grows in water bodies such as ponds, lakes, ditches, and slow-moving streams. This is a perennial herb producing a very narrow, compressed stem branching to a maximum length around 35 centimeters. It has thin, pointed linear leaves a few centimeters long spirally arranged about the thin stem. The inflorescence is a small spike of flowers emerging from the water surface. Inflorescences also grow on submersed sections of the stem; these are smaller and spherical. It can be difficult to distinguish from similar species of pondweed.
Silene gallica is a species of flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae known by several common names, including common catchfly, small-flowered catchfly, and windmill pink. It is native to Eurasia and North Africa, but it can be found throughout much of the temperate world as a common roadside weed.
Chenopodium cycloides is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae known by the common name sandhill goosefoot. It is native to the south-central United States.
Panax trifolius, commonly called dwarf ginseng, is a plant native to the Northeastern and Appalachian regions of North America. It is found in low mesic woods with acidic soils.
