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The Cheteria are a group of royal dignitaries within the Sultanate of Brunei whose position ranks below the Royal Wazir but above the Manteri. Each carry specialized tasks and report directly to the Sultan of Brunei. The Cheteria hierarchy is structured around what is known as the Four Fold system which expands up to 32 folds. The title of Cheteria are only bestowed upon the Pengiran, especially to the caste of Pengiran known as the Pengiran Peranakan. [1] The awarding of such titles are held in a ceremony called "mengangkat". [2]
The word cheteria likely derives from the name of the Kshatriya warrior caste in Hinduism. These Bruneian traditional officials, who were part of the second class of officials in the country's traditional administration, were crucial to the state's decision-making process. In contrast to the wazir (vizier), who were solely picked from the core aristocracy, they were recited from both the core and common nobility. The Pengiran Shahbandar, or minister of commerce, was the highest-ranking representative in this group. Currently, the Cheteria 4, Cheteria 8, Cheteria 16 and Cheteria 32, which are primarily drawn from Brunei's nobility. [3]
Copper, silver, and gold crafts used in royal traditions reveal the identity of the user or owner. Tools like daggers and betelwere given to royal dignitaries who received the titles of Wazir, Ceteria, and Manteri, for instance. The kaskol given to the Wazir and Kepala Ceteria is made of gold. Pehin Dato Perdana Menteri and Pehin Orang Kaya Di-Gadong received a silver-bearing tipa for the Besar Ceteria, Besar Pengalasan Ceteria, Damit Pengalasan Ceteria, and Manteri-Manteri. While copper-born tipa was granted for the other people. [4]
The ruler of the Hindu gods is Indra, the god of heaven, battle, thunder, and storms. Indra means "possessing drops of rain" in Sanskrit because indu- means "a drop" and -ra means "possessing." Buddhism and Jainism devotees both adore Indra. [5] [6] In Malay languages, the word indera is frequently used in that context and has now come to denote royal. [7]
The Kushns are thought to have first used the name sometime in the 1st century. The Scythian and Persian-Mongolian kings of northwest India had influenced them, and they preferred the title "great king" to "king." The title mahrjdhirja (great king of kings), which is a Sanskrit translation of the Persian shahanshah, was given to Chandragupta I, the third king of the Gupta era. Other, even more exaggerated titles followed, and at certain points even vassal kings with little possessions were referred to as maharajas. [8]
There are several levels within the Cheteria group: [9] [10] [11]
The Perdana Cheteria (Chief Cheteria) maintains the highest rank of the Cheteria. In general, however, the number of positions within each Cheteria level follows the number of the level e.g.; the Cheteria 8 would consist of 8 positions and Cheteria 32 of 32 positions. An exception to this would be the Chief Cheteria of which there are two ranks (Head and Vice Head) and the additional Cheteria to Cheteria 4 and 16 of which; there is one additional Cheteria under Cheteria 4 and two additional Cheteria under Cheteria 16.
Every individual who is bestowed with the position of Cheteria are given a unique title and referred to with the honorific style "Yang Amat Mulia" which roughly translates to "The Most Noble" or "His Highness". For example; for someone who is awarded the title of "Pengiran Kesuma Negara" which is a position in the Cheteria 8, [11] [9] would be fully styled as "Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Kesuma Negara", [11] [9] followed by another title (if any) and then real name.
The list of Cheterias is as of 12 May 2023. [9] [11]
Cheteria [12] | Hierarchy | Incumbent | Predecessor |
---|---|---|---|
Pengiran Perdana Cheteria Laila Diraja Sahibun Nabalah | Chief Cheteria | Vacant | Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Perdana Chateria Laila Diraja Sahibun Nabalah Pengiran Haji Damit bin Pengiran Metussin |
Pengiran Lela Cheteria Sahibun Najabah | Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Lela Cheteria Sahibun Najabah Pengiran Anak Haji Abdul Aziz bin Pengiran Jaya Negara Pengiran Haji Abu Bakar | Office established | |
Pengiran Maharaja Lela Sahibul Kahar | Cheteria 4 | Vacant | Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Maharaja Lela Sahibul Kahar Pengiran Anak Haji Mohamed Yusof ibni Al-Marhum Pengiran Pemancha Pengiran Anak Haji Mohamed Alam |
Pengiran Indera Setia Diraja Sahibul Karib (Pengiran Paduka Tuan Sahibul Karib) | Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Indera Setia Diraja Sahibul Karib Pengiran Anak Haji Idris bin Pengiran Maharaja Lela Pengiran Muda Abdul Kahar | Yang Amat MuliaPengiran Paduka Tuan Sahibul Karib Pengiran Haji Abu Bakar ibni Al-Marhum Pengiran Pemancha Pengiran Anak Mohd. Salleh II | |
Pengiran Maharaja Setia Laila Diraja Sahibul Irshad (Pengiran Maharaja Adinda Sahibul Fikri) | Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Maharaja Setia Laila Diraja Sahibul Irshad Pengiran Anak Haji Abdul Rahim bin Pengiran Indera Mahkota Pengiran Anak (Dr.) Kemaludin Al-Haj | Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Maharaja Setia Laila Diraja Sahibul Irshad Pengiran Haji Damit bin Pengiran Anak Sabtu | |
Pengiran Pekerma Setia Diraja Sahibul Bandar (Pengiran Shahbandar Sahibul Bandar) | Vacant | Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Pekerma Setia Diraja Sahibul Bandar Pengiran Haji Mohamed Ali bin Pengiran Haji Mohamed Daud | |
Pengiran Sanggamara Diraja | Additional Cheteria Under Cheteria 4 | Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Sanggamara Diraja Major General (Retired) Pengiran Haji Ibnu Basit bin Pengiran Datu Penghulu Pengiran Haji Apong | Yang Amat MuliaPengiran Sanggamara Diraja Pengiran Anak Haji Chuchu bin Pengiran Anak Mohd. Salleh |
Pengiran Indera Mahkota | Cheteria 8 | Vacant | Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Indera Mahkota Pengiran Anak (Dr.) Kemaluddin Al-Haj ibni Al-Marhum Pengiran Bendahara Pengiran Anak Haji Mohd. Yassin |
Pengiran Setia Negara | Vacant | Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Setia Negara Pengiran Haji Mohd. Yusof bin Pengiran Haji Abdul Rahim | |
Pengiran Putera Negara | Vacant | Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Putera Negara Pengiran Haji Umar bin Pengiran Datu Penghulu Pengiran Haji Apong | |
Pengiran Indera Negara | Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Indera Negara Pengiran Anak Haji Puteh ibni Al-Marhum Pengiran Pemancha Pengiran Anak Haji Mohamed Alam | Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Indera Negara Pengiran Anak Haji Tahiruddin bin Pengiran Anak Saifuddin | |
Pengiran Negara Indera | Vacant | Unknown | |
Pengiran Kesuma Negara | Vacant | Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Kesuma Negara Pengiran Anak Haji Chuchu Besar ibni Al-Marhum Pengiran Bendahara Pengiran Muda Haji Hashim | |
Pengiran Sura Negara | Vacant | Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Sura Negara Pengiran Anak Haji Muhammad Bey Muntassir bin Pengiran Indera Mahkota Pengiran Anak (Dr.) Kemaludin Al-Haj | |
Pengiran Siraja (Seri Raja) Muda | Vacant | Unknown | |
Pengiran Maharaja Anakda | Cheteria 16 | Vacant | Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Maharaja Anakda Pengiran Haji Ahmad ibni Al-Marhum Pengiran Bendahara Pengiran Anak Haji Mohd. Yassin |
Pengiran Kesuma Indera | Vacant | Unknown | |
Pengiran Jaya Negara | Vacant | Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Jaya Negara Pengiran Haji Abdul Rahman bin Pengiran Haji Abdul Rahim | |
Pengiran Kerma Negara | Vacant | Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Kerma Negara Pengiran Anak Haji Abdul Wahab bin Pengiran Sabtu Kamaluddin | |
Pengiran Kerma Indera | Vacant | Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Kerma Indera Pengiran Anak Tajuddin bin Pengiran Haji Momin | |
Pengiran Dipa Negara Laila Diraja | Vacant | Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Dipa Negara Laila Diraja Pengiran Haji Abdul Momin bin Pengiran Haji Ismail | |
Pengiran Dewa Negara | Vacant | Unknown | |
Pengiran Seri Maharaja | Vacant | Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Seri Maharaja Pengiran Anak Omar Ali ibni Al-Marhum Pengiran Bendahara Pengiran Anak Abdul Rahman | |
Pengiran Kerma Raja | Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Kerma Raja Pengiran Haji Kamarulzaman bin Pengiran Pekerma Setia Diraja Pengiran Haji Ali | Unknown | |
Pengiran Derma Wangsa | Vacant | Unknown | |
Pengiran Derma Putera | Vacant | Unknown | |
Pengiran Jaya Kesuma | Vacant | Unknown | |
Pengiran Jaya Indera | Vacant | Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Jaya Indera Pengiran Haji Mokhtar Puteh bin Pengiran Haji Rajid | |
Pengiran Seri Rama | Vacant | Unknown | |
Pengiran Seri Dewa | Vacant | Unknown | |
Pengiran Maharaja Dewa | Vacant | Unknown | |
Pengiran Penggawa Laila Bentara Istiadat Diraja Dalam Istana | Additional Cheteria Under Cheteria 16 | Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Penggawa Laila Bentara Istiadat Diraja Dalam Istana Pengiran Haji Alauddin bin Pengiran Paduka Tuan Pengiran Haji Abu Bakar | Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Penggawa Laila Bentara Istiadat Diraja Dalam Istana Pengiran Haji Mokhtar Puteh bin Pengiran Haji Rajid |
Pengiran Laila Kanun Diraja | Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Laila Kanun Diraja Pengiran Haji Bahrin bin Pengiran Haji Abbas | Office established | |
Pengiran Dewa Maharaja | Cheteria 32 | Vacant | Unknown |
Pengiran Kerma Dewa | Vacant | Unknown | |
Pengiran Indera Dewa | Vacant | Unknown | |
Pengiran Seri Lela | Vacant | Unknown | |
Pengiran Seri Ratna | Vacant | Unknown | |
Pengiran Seri Utama | Vacant | Unknown | |
Pengiran Seri Negara | Vacant | Unknown | |
Pengiran Derma Wijaya | Vacant | Unknown | |
Pengiran Setia Raja | Vacant | Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Setia Raja Pengiran Haji Jaya bin Pengiran Haji Rajid | |
Pengiran Lela Negara | Vacant | Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Lela Negara Pengiran Haji Mohammad ibni Al-Marhum Pengiran Bendahara Pengiran Anak Abdul Rahman | |
Pengiran Paduka Ratna | Vacant | Unknown | |
Pengiran Paduka Raja | Vacant | Unknown | |
Pengiran Mahawangsa | Vacant | Unknown | |
Pengiran Jaya Perkasa | Vacant | Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Jaya Perkasa Pengiran Anak Haji Mohd. Hassan bin Pengiran Sabtu Kamaluddin | |
Pengiran Ratna Indera | Vacant | Unknown | |
Pengiran Ratna Negara | Vacant | Unknown | |
Pengiran Indera Perkasa | Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Indera Perkasa Pengiran Haji Hamdan bin Pengiran Haji Ismail | Unknown | |
Pengiran Laila Raja | Vacant | Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Pengiran Laila Raja Pengiran Haji Buntar bin Pengiran Mohammad Ja'afar | |
Pengiran Setia Jaya | Vacant | Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Setia Jaya Pengiran Pengiran Haji Abdul Momin bin Pengiran Othman | |
Pengiran Ratna Wangsa | Vacant | Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Ratna Wangsa Pengiran Haji Metussin bin Pengiran Abdul Rahman Piut | |
Pengiran Lela Perkasa | Vacant | Unknown | |
Pengiran Lela Wijaya | Vacant | Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Lela Wijaya Pengiran Haji Yussof bin Pengiran Limbang | |
Pengiran Kerma Wijaya | Vacant | Unknown | |
Pengiran Jaya Petra | Vacant | Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Jaya Petra Pengiran Haji Ahmad bin Pengiran Luba | |
Pengiran Paduka Dewa | Vacant | Unknown | |
Pengiran Paduka Indera | Vacant | Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Paduka Indera Pengiran Haji Abu Bakar bin Pengiran Mohammad | |
Pengiran Seri Indera | Vacant | Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Seri Indera Pengiran Haji Ismail bin Pengiran Haji Mohammad | |
Pengiran Ratna Wijaya | Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Ratna Wijaya Brigadier General (Retired) Pengiran Haji Hasnan bin Pengiran Ahmad | Unknown | |
Pengiran Indera Wijaya | Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Indera Wijaya Pengiran (Dr.) Haji Ismail bin Pengiran Haji Damit | Unknown | |
Pengiran Seri Wijaya | Vacant | Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Seri Wijaya Pengiran Haji Ahmad bin Pengiran Mohd. Yusof | |
Pengiran Ratna Perkasa | Vacant | Unknown | |
Pengiran Lela Utama | Vacant | Yang Amat Mulia Pengiran Lela Utama Pengiran Haji Mohd. Said bin Pengiran Ahmad |
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