Chlorurus

Chlorurus
Chlorurus strongylocephalus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Labriformes
Family:	Labridae
Tribe:	Scarini
Genus:	Chlorurus Swainson, 1839
Type species
Scarus gibbus Rüppell, 1829 [1]
Species
See text
Synonyms [2]
Pseudoscarus Bleeker, 1861 Xanothon J.L.B. Smith, 1956 Ypsiscarus Schultz, 1958

Chlorurus is a genus of parrotfish from the Indian and Pacific Oceans. ^{[3] [4]}

Etymology

The word 'Chlorurus' comes from the Greek words 'chloros', which means green and 'oura', which means tail.

Evolution

C. enneacanthus with an initial phase Scarus scaber , in the Maldives

Chlorurus is most closely related to its sister genus Scarus . Most recent phylogenetic analyses find that the two genera diverged during the late Miocene (Messinian). ^[5] In both genera, most of their diversification occurred some time later, within the last 3.5 million years during the Pliocene. ^[6] In contrast, coral reefs in their modern form were established much earlier, during the Miocene. ^[5]

A 2012 phylogenetic analysis of 16 of the 18 Chlorurus species recovered 5 major monophyletic clades. ^[5]

Species

There are 18 species: ^[4]

Species	Terminal phase	Initial phase
Chlorurus atrilunula (Randall & Bruce, 1983)
Chlorurus bleekeri (de Beaufort, 1940)
Chlorurus bowersi (Snyder, 1909)
Chlorurus capistratoides (Bleeker, 1847)
Chlorurus cyanescens (Valenciennes, 1840)
Chlorurus enneacanthus (Lacépède, 1802)
Chlorurus frontalis (Valenciennes, 1840)
Chlorurus genazonatus (Randall & Bruce, 1983)
Chlorurus gibbus (Rüppell, 1829)
Chlorurus japanensis (Bloch, 1789)
Chlorurus microrhinos (Bleeker, 1854)
Chlorurus oedema (Snyder, 1909)
Chlorurus perspicillatus (Steindachner, 1879)
Chlorurus rhakoura Randall & Anderson, 1997
Chlorurus sordidus (Forsskål, 1775)
Chlorurus spilurus (Valenciennes, 1840)
Chlorurus strongylocephalus (Bleeker, 1855)
Chlorurus troschelii (Bleeker, 1853)

References

1. Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Chlorurus". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 9 February 2020.
2. Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Scaridae". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 9 February 2020.
3. "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Chlorurus Swainson, 1839". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-11-12.
4. Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Chlorurus". FishBase . March 2018 version.
5. Choat, John. H.; klanten, Oya. S.; Van Herwerden, Lynne; Robertson, D. Ross; Clements, Kendall D. (November 2012). "Patterns and processes in the evolutionary history of parrotfishes (Family Labridae): Evolutionary History of Parrotfishes" . Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 107 (3): 529–557. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2012.01959.x.
6. Smith, Lydia L.; Fessler, Jennifer L.; Alfaro, Michael E.; Streelman, J. Todd; Westneat, Mark W. (October 2008). "Phylogenetic relationships and the evolution of regulatory gene sequences in the parrotfishes". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 49 (1): 136–152. Bibcode:2008MolPE..49..136S. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.06.008. PMC   3418665 . PMID   18621133.