Chrysopinae

Chrysopinae
Chrysopa perla (Chrysopini)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Neuroptera
Family:	Chrysopidae
Subfamily:	Chrysopinae Esben-Petersen, 1918
Diversity
About 60 genera

Chrysopinae is the nominate subfamily of green lacewings in the insect family Chrysopidae in the order Neuroptera. This subfamily is also the largest within the family and comprises about 60 genera.

Members of the genus Chrysoperla and the genus Chrysopa in this subfamily are common in Europe and North America. ^{[1] [2]} Chrysopinae larvae are predatory and feed on aphids; some of these species have been used in biological pest control, as has the Australian Mallada signatus . ^[3]

Genera

The following genera are divided into four tribes:

Ankylopterygini Navas, 1910

• Ankylopteryx Brauer, 1864
• Chrysopidia Navás, 1911
• Parankylopteryx Tjeder, 1966
• Retipenna Brooks, 1986
• Semachrysa Brooks, 1983
• Signochrysa Brooks & Barnard, 1990

Belonopterygini Navas, 1913

• Abachrysa Banks, 1938
• Belonopteryx Gerstaecker, 1863
• Calochrysa Banks, 1943
• Chrysacanthia Lacroix, 1923 ^{[4] [5]}
• Chrysaloysia Navas, 1928
• Dysochrysa Tjeder, 1966
• Evanochrysa Brooks & Barnard, 1990
• Italochrysa Principi, 1946
• Nacarina Navás, 1915
• Nesochrysa Navás, 1910
• Nodochrysa Banks, 1938
• Oyochrysa Brooks, 1985
• Stigmachrysa Navás, 1925
• Turnerochrysa Kimmins, 1935
• Vieira Navás, 1913 ^[6]

Chrysopini Schneider, 1851

Selected genera:

• Apertochrysa Tjeder, 1966 (syn Pseudomallada ^{[7] [8]} )
• Austrochrysa Esben-Petersen, 1928 ^[9]
• Ceraeochrysa Adams, 1982
• Chrysopa Leach in Brewster, 1815
• Chrysoperla Steinmann, 1964
• Cunctochrysa Hölzel, 1970
• Eremochrysa Banks, 1903
• Kymachyrsa Tauber & Garland, 2014 ^[10]
• Mallada Navás, 1925
• Nineta Navás, 1912
• Suarius Navás, 1914
• Titanochrysa Sosa and Freitas, 2012 ^[11]
• Yumachrysa Banks, 1950

Leucochrysini Adams, 1978

• Berchmansus Navás, 1913
• Cacarulla Navas, 1910
• Gonzaga Navás, 1913
• Leucochrysa McLachlan, 1868 (syn Nodita)
• Neula Navás, 1917
• Nuvol Navás, 1916
• Santocellus Tauber & Albuquerque, 2008

Tribe incertae sedis

• † Paleochrysopa Séméria & Nel, 1990 (Eocene, France)
• † Pseudosencera Makarkin et al., 2018 (Eocene, Europe)

Gallery

• 
  Semachrysa jade
  (Ankylopterygini)
• 
  Italochrysa italica
  (Belonopterygini)
• 
  Leucochrysa pavida
  (Leucochrysini)
• 
  Chrysoperla rufilabris
  (Chrysopini)

References

1. Shakir, Hafiz Usman; Anjum, Najuf Awais; Ali, Qurban; Saleem, Shahzad; Awais, Muhammad; Anwar, Tauqir (2015). "Molecular systematics of Chrysoperla carnea group (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) in Punjab, Pakistan" . 2015Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural and Social Sciences. 3 (1): 12–15. doi: 10.17957/JGIASS/3.1.677 . S2CID   88722322 . Retrieved 2022-01-24.
2. Brooks, S. J.; Barnard, Peter C. (1990). "The green lacewings of the world: a generic review (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)" (PDF). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). 59 (2): 117–286. ISSN   0524-6431 . Retrieved 10 April 2022.
3. New, T.R. (2002). "Prospects for extending the use of Australian lacewings in biological control" (PDF). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae . 48 (Supplement 2): 209–216. Retrieved 3 February 2011.
4. Brooks, S.J. (1997). "An Overview of the Current Status of Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) Systematics". Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift. 44 (2): 267–275. doi:10.1002/mmnd.19970440212.
5. Winterton, S. L.; Brooks, S. J. (2015). "Review of the green lacewing genus Chrysacanthia Lacroix with a new species from Nigeria (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae)". ZooKeys (517): 71–81. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.517.9705 . PMC   4547126 . PMID   26312027.
6. Sosa, F.; Tauber, C. A. (2017). "The genus Vieira Navás (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a new species, a key to the species, and new geographic records". Zootaxa. 4258 (1): 43–59. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.4258.1.3 . PMID   28609933.
7. "Opinion 2254 (Case 3399) Dichochrysa Yang, 1991 (Insecta, Neuroptera): generic name not conserved". The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature. 67 (3): 261–262. 2010. doi:10.21805/bzn.v67i3.a4. S2CID   80717626.
8. Breitkreuz, Laura; Duelli, Peter; Oswald, John D. (2021). "Apertochrysa Tjeder, 1966, a new senior synonym of Pseudomallada Tsukaguchi, 1995 (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae: Chrysopinae: Chrysopini)". Zootaxa. 4966 (2): 215–225. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4966.2.8. PMID   34186621. S2CID   235505041.
9. Ma, Yunlong; Yang, Xingke; Liu, Xingyue (2020). "The green lacewing genus Austrochrysa Esben-Petersen, 1928 (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) from China, with description of two new species". Zootaxa. 4822 (1): 101–112. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4822.1.5. PMID   33056302. S2CID   222839696.
10. Tauber, C. A.; Garland, J. A. (2014). "Kymachrysa, a new genus of Nearctic green lacewings (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae, Chrysopini)". ZooKeys (437): 87–108. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.437.7984 . PMC   4155731 . PMID   25197213.
11. Tauber, Catherine A.; Sosa, Francisco; Contreras-Ramos, Atilano (2018). "Cryptochrysa Freitas & Penny, a generic homonym, replaced by Titanochrysa Sosa & Freitas (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)". Zootaxa. 4375 (2): 287–295. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.4375.2.9 . PMID   29689776.