| Claustula | |
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| Genus: | Claustula K.M.Curtis (1926) [2] |
| Type species | |
| Claustula fischeri K.M.Curtis (1926) [2] | |
Claustula is a fungal genus in the family Claustulaceae. It is monotypic, containing the single truffle-like species Claustula fischeri, described in 1926 and found in New Zealand and Tasmania. In May 2016, it was one of two native New Zealand fungi added to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species as endangered.
Claustula is a fungal genus in the family Claustulaceae. [3] It is monotypic, containing the single truffle-like species Claustula fischeri K.M.Curtis, which was described in 1926 by New Zealand botanist and mycologist Kathleen Curtis. [2] The first specimens were found and collected by Curtis in 1923 near Nelson, and the holotype is housed at the USDA United States National Fungus Collections (BPI). [4] [5] [6]
The species epithet fischeri honours Swiss mycologist Eduard Fischer, whose studies included genera and species in the order Phallales, which is the order to which Claustula belongs. [7]
Claustula fischeri is native to New Zealand and Tasmania. [2] [8] It is found on the ground in wet native forest ( Eucalyptus , Nothofagus , Leptopsermum or Kunzea ) and often appears in autumn. [4] [9] [10]
In May 2016, it was one of two native New Zealand fungi added to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species as endangered. [1] [11] In New Zealand, it is considered to be Threatened - Nationally Critical under the New Zealand Threat Classification System. [12]
Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their taxonomy, genetics, biochemical properties, and use by humans. Fungi can be a source of tinder, food, traditional medicine, as well as entheogens, poison, and infection. Mycology branches into the field of phytopathology, the study of plant diseases. The two disciplines are closely related, because the vast majority of plant pathogens are fungi. A biologist specializing in mycology is called a mycologist.
The long-nosed potoroo is a small, hopping mammal native to forests and shrubland of southeastern Australia and Tasmania. A member of the potoroo and bettong family (Potoroidae), it lives alone and digs at night for fungi, roots, or small insects. It is also a marsupial and carries its young in a pouch. The long-nosed potoroo is threatened by habitat loss and introduced species such as cats or foxes. There are two subspecies: P. t. tridactylus on mainland Australia, and P. t. apicalis on Tasmania, with lighter fur.
Hygrocybe is a genus of agarics in the family Hygrophoraceae. Called waxcaps in English, basidiocarps are often brightly coloured and have dry to waxy caps, white spores, and smooth, ringless stems. In Europe they are characteristic of old, unimproved grasslands which are a declining habitat, making many Hygrocybe species of conservation concern. Four of these waxcap-grassland species, Hygrocybe citrinovirens, H. punicea, H. spadicea, and H. splendidissima, are assessed as globally "vulnerable" on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Elsewhere waxcaps are more typically found in woodlands. Most are ground-dwelling and all are believed to be biotrophs. Around 150 species are recognized worldwide. Fruit bodies of several Hygrocybe species are considered edible and are sometimes offered for sale in local markets.
The Fungi of Australia form an enormous and phenomenally diverse group, a huge range of freshwater, marine and terrestrial habitats with many ecological roles, for example as saprobes, parasites and mutualistic symbionts of algae, animals and plants, and as agents of biodeterioration. Where plants produce, and animals consume, the fungi recycle, and as such they ensure the sustainability of ecosystems.
The long-footed potoroo is a small marsupial found in southeastern Australia, restricted to an area around the coastal border between New South Wales and Victoria. It was first recorded in 1967 when an adult male was caught in a dog trap in the forest southwest of Bonang, Victoria. It is classified as vulnerable.
Entoloma is a genus of fungi in the order Agaricales. Called pinkgills in English, basidiocarps are typically agaricoid, though a minority are gasteroid. All have salmon-pink basidiospores which colour the gills at maturity and are angular (polyhedral) under a microscope. The genus is large, with almost 2000 species worldwide. Most species are saprotrophic, but some are ectomycorrhizal, and a few are parasitic on other fungi. The type, Entoloma sinuatum, is one of several Entoloma species that are poisonous, typically causing mild to severe gastrointestinal illness.
The Peltigeraceae are a family of lichens in the order Peltigerales. The Peltigeraceae, which contains 15 genera and about 600 species, has recently (2018) been emended to include the families Lobariaceae and Nephromataceae. Many Peltigeraceae species have large and conspicuous, leathery thalli. They largely occur in cool-temperate to tropical montane climates. Tripartite thalli involving fungus, green algae and cyanobacteria are common in this family.
Mitrulinia is a fungal genus of uncertain familial placement in the order Helotiales. Mitrulinia is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Mitrulinia ushuaiae. The genus was circumscribed in 1987 by mycologist Brian Spooner.
Kalaharituber is a fungal genus in the family Pezizaceae. It is a monotypic genus, whose single truffle-like species, Kalaharituber pfeilii, is found in the Kalahari Desert, which spans the larger part of Botswana, the east of Namibia and the Northern Cape Province of South Africa.
Richard William George Dennis, PhD, was an English mycologist and plant pathologist. He is survived by a son, Stephen.
Fevansia is a fungal genus in the family Albatrellaceae. A monotypic genus, it contains the single rare truffle-like species Fevansia aurantiaca, found in old-growth forests of Oregon. The name Fevansia honors Frank Evans of the North American Truffling Society, who collected the holotype specimen. Aurantiaca is Latin for "pale orange", referring to the color of the peridium.
Squamanita schreieri is a species of fungus in the order Agaricales and the type species of the genus Squamanita. It is parasitic on basidiocarps (fruit bodies] of the ectomycorrhizal fungi Amanita solitaria and A. strobiliformis, replacing their caps with its own. The species was first described scientifically by Swiss mycologist Emil J. Imbach in 1946. It is only known from a few sites in central mainland Europe and threats to its habitat have resulted in the species being assessed as globally "endangered" on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Eduard Fischer was a Swiss botanist and mycologist.
Waxcap grassland is short-sward, nutrient-poor grassland that supports a rich assemblage of larger fungi, particularly waxcaps, characteristic of such habitats. Waxcap grasslands occur principally in Europe, where they are declining as a result of agricultural practices. The fungal species are consequently of conservation concern and efforts have been made in the United Kingdom and elsewhere to protect both the grasslands and their characteristic fungi. Over 20 species of European waxcap grassland fungi are assessed as globally "vulnerable" or "endangered" on the IUCN Red List of threatened species.
Gummivena is a fungal genus in the Mesophelliaceae family. The genus is monotypic, containing the single truffle-like species Gummivena potorooi, found in Western Australia. Described as new to science in 2002, Gummivena is intermediate in form between Castoreum and Gummiglobus, and has a gleba with "veins" of gummy tissue and a three-layered peridium. The specific epithet potorooi refers the fact that the fungus is found only in the range of the rare and endangered species Gilbert's potoroo.
Kathleen Maisey Curtis, Lady Rigg was a New Zealand mycologist and was a founder of plant pathology in New Zealand.
Hydnellum joeides is a species of tooth fungus in the family Bankeraceae.
Buglossoporus magnus is a rare species of poroid fungus in the family Fomitopsidaceae. Recorded from only three locations in old growth lowland rainforest of Peninsular Malaysia, it is considered a vulnerable species by the IUCN.
Neohygrocybe is a genus of agaric fungi in the family Hygrophoraceae. Neohygrocybe species belong to a group known as waxcaps in English, sometimes also waxy caps in North America or waxgills in New Zealand. In Europe, Neohygrocybe species are typical of waxcap grasslands, a declining habitat due to changing agricultural practices. As a result, three species, Neohygrocybe ingrata, Neohygrocybe nitrata, and Neohygrocybe ovina, are of global conservation concern and are listed as "vulnerable" on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Data related to Claustula at Wikispecies
Media related to Claustula at Wikimedia Commons