Club Alianza Lima, more commonly known as simply Alianza Lima, is a Peruvian professional sports club based in La Victoria District of Lima, Peru. The club was founded under the name of Sport Alianza on 15 February 1901 by working-class youth in the Chacaritas neighborhood of Lima. It is widely known for having one of the most historical and successful football teams in Peru; they have won a total of 25 official league titles of the Peruvian Primera División[2] and are currently the oldest team playing in that competition, since the club was founded in 1901. According to CONMEBOL, it is considered the most popular club in Peru, and the 6th most popular club in South America, with more than 12 million fans as of April 2016.[3]
Alianza's home stadium is the Estadio Alejandro Villanueva,[4] named after Alejandro Villanueva, one of the most important players in the club's history.[5][6] The stadium is also popularly known as Matute, the name of the neighbourhood in which it is located.[7][8] The stadium can hold up to 33,938 spectators.
Alianza enjoyed success throughout the first decades of their professional era. Their best international performance came in 1976 when they reached the semi-finals of the Copa Libertadores, repeating the feat in 1978. In 1987, tragedy struck Alianza when the entire squad and coaching staff died in an airplane crash as the team returned from an away fixture.[9] Alianza Lima has won a total 25 Primera Division titles, 19 domestic cup titles, 2 supercups, 1 Copa Simón Bolívar as well as numerous regional and short league titles.
Alianza Lima has had a huge, long-standing rivalry with Universitario de Deportes, the most successful team in Peru with 27 titles, the match is known as the Peruvian Clásico.[10] It is the largest and oldest rivalry in Peru and among the largest in South America. Other traditional rivals include Sporting Cristal, Deportivo Municipal, and Sport Boys. Matches between these two teams are usually very intense and sometimes involve violent fan attacks against each other.
The first Alianza Lima squad, during the years of its creation
The club was founded under the name of Sport Alianza on 15 February 1901 by working-class youth in the Chacaritas neighborhood of Lima. The Alianza name was in reference to the Alianza Racing Horse Stud, where their first matches were played.[11] The stud was located on the same street, Cotabambas, in Lima
The club is one of the oldest professional football teams in Peru. It was founded on 15 February 1901,[12][13] as Sport Alianza, named for the stable that hosted its first games. It is the only surviving founding member of the Peruvian Football League, created as an amateur level league in 1912. The club's first kit was green and white, honoring founding member Eduardo Pedreschi's Italian heritage. Beginning in that first season, the colors of the Alianza stables, blue, white and black were used, and by the 1920s the classic vertically striped jersey had become the definitive kit. The club changed its name to Alianza Lima in 1920. The League turned professional in 1951.
Alianza participated in the amateur era of the Peruvian football league from that inaugural season, winning its first title in 1918. During its first years, it played irregularly against other teams from Lima and the port of Callao. Its matches against Atlético Chalaco from Callao stirred interest as a clash between limeños and chalacos. Sport Alianza had started to become a popular team drawing large support and this was the first derby or "clasico".
Alleged four-in-a row
The Alianza Stud changed owners and locations continuously and, consequently, the team was forced to relocate in turn, until 1928, when under the new name Alianza Lima, the club settled at the third block of the Manco Capac avenue in the La Victoria District, where it would stay and become the emotional home-base for club and fans alike.
That same year Alianza played against the Federación Universitaria (University Federation) for the first time. This club which would later be renamed Universitario de Deportes and become Alianza's greatest rivals, in what is today the most important Peruvian derby.
The 1930s brought great joy and frustration to the team. In 1931, 1932, 1933, and 1934, Alianza Lima won the National Championship four times in a row, for the first and so far only time in Peruvian football.[14] However the Peruvian Football Federation did not recognize the championship of 1934 as won by Alianza. The championship was awarded to the club's biggest rival, Universitario.
The memory of the four-in-a-row was tainted by the club's relegation in 1938,[15][16] but after one season in the Lima Provincial League, one of the de facto first division leagues, the team returned to the First Division.
Titles and cup performances
The 1978 squad of Alianza Lima which would go on to reach the semi-finals of the 1978 Copa Libertadores.
During the 1940s, and start of the professional era in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s, Alianza would win 10 championships. The club won two Peruvian titles in a row in 1977 and 1978, when its players formed the majority of the Peru national football team. The team had its greatest success at the international level in the 1976 and 1978 Copa Libertadores, in which managed to reach the semi-finals but lost to Deportivo Cali 1–4. Since then, its Copa Libertadores campaigns were not successful, during the 1990s the club managed to reach round of 16 several times including a semi-finals participation in the 1999 Conmebol's Copa Merconorte losing to penalty shootout against Colombian side America de Cali the same way it had been defeated by Uruguay's Peñarol a year before in the 1998 Copa Libertadores. Then had one of its worst campaigns in 2007, until the 2010 edition, when they did a great campaign even defeating the defending champion Estudiantes de la Plata by 4–1 in Lima,[17] being one of the three top teams at the end of the first round however, in the Round of 16, they lost the chance to advance further with Universidad de Chile, after a controversial match in Chile,[18] where Ecuadorian referee Carlos Vera gave the Chilean side a goal that had already been flagged by the sideline referee as offside and the play had been called off, however Universidad de Chile's coaching staff including teammates and the pressure of a large local crowd seem to have given referee Carlos Vera the fast initiative to validate the goal, Alianza Lima had been eliminated in what Peruvian media and other South American media believed to be a robbery, Fox Sports network and ESPN agreed the play should not have been validated, Alianza Lima's president Guillermo Alarcon flew to Asuncion, Paraguay to speak to Conmebol and claiming a straight entry to the next Copa Libertadores, the case was also taken to FIFA headquarters but was not approved.
In the 2011 preliminary phase of the Copa Libertadores Alianza Lima came into the tournament as Peru's 3rd place having to face Mexico's Jaguares de Chiapas in a back to back home and away matches for a pass to the Cup's group stage but would lose both games 2–0 and lost a chance to participate . This 2012 version of the Copa Libertadores, Alianza Lima will participate in group 5 as Peru's No. 2 seed against Nacional (Uruguay), Vasco da Gama (Brazil) and the winner of Ecuador's 3rd and Paraguay's 3rd.
1980s decade
The 1980s were probably the most bitter years in the club's history. During the first years of the decade, despite having very good players, Alianza could not obtain titles, some which were snatched by Sporting Cristal, which was establishing itself as one of the three big football clubs of Peru.
In 1987, Alianza Lima was first in the standings with a few matches left. On 8 December of that year, Alianza made a trip to Pucallpa to play against Deportivo Pucallpa for the league. The match was won 1–0, with Carlos Bustamante scoring. The team took a charter flight for the trip back. The flight departed on 8 December in a Peruvian NavyFokker F27 airplane, which crashed into the sea when it was a few kilometers away from the Lima-Callao Airport, close to the Ventanilla district in Callao.[19] The only survivor was the pilot, all the players and coaching staff died, being a game away from conquering another title.[19]
Alianza finished the championship playing with members of the youth team and a few players on loan from Chile club Colo-Colo, which had offered to help sending four players (José Letelier, Parko Quiroz, Francisco Huerta and René Pinto). Friendship between both clubs has been strong since then.[20] Alianza could not keep the first place and its greatest rival, Universitario de Deportes, obtained the title.
The team had to restart from scratch and even former players who had already retired, like Teófilo Cubillas, or others who were about to, like César Cueto, played to help the club get out of these bitter times.
Alianza Lima was close to relegation in 1988, but it managed to hold on in the last matches. In the next few years, despite being competitive, it failed to obtain a title.
The titles, the centenary and the new titles
In 1997, Alianza Lima obtained its first title after 18 years, under Colombian manager Jorge Luis Pinto.[21][22] In 1999 it came in second place, after losing to Universitario in the finals.[23] In the early hours 2000, tragedy struck again when young captain Sandro Baylón died in a car accident after crashing with a post while driving under the influence of alcohol.[24]
In 2001 the club celebrated its centenary and obtained the national title after beating Cienciano in Cusco on penalty kicks.[25] Later on, Alianza Lima would win the 2003 and 2004 championships, defeating Sporting Cristal in both finals, this time under Argentinian manager Gustavo Costas. In 2006 Alianza Lima again won the championship beating Cienciano del Cusco in the final play-off, enabling them to play the Copa Libertadores. In 2017, Alianza Lima won its first championship in over a decade by winning both the Apertura and Clausura and, thus, did not require playing in the final playoffs. Along with Sporting Cristal, Alianza Lima has been the most successful Peruvian club in this century, having won five championships.
At the end of 2020, Alianza was relegated to the second division,[26] despite the fact that in that year all games were played in just Lima and Callao because of the COVID-19 epidemic and teams from the provinces were not able to use their home stadiums. As soon as the season ended, Alianza launched a campaign to try to remain in the first division. There was contention about the team that had finished one place above Alianza, Carlos Stein. The Peruvian FA gave them a fine. Alianza argued that this was not enough, since Alianza's interpretation of the regulation was that they should be docked points. The Peruvian Football Association disagreed explaining that both fines and point reductions were allowed and used with other teams during the competition depending on the level of infraction by the team, and confirmed Alianza's relegation. Then, Alianza took their case all the way to Switzerland, to the International Court of Arbitration for Sport. Eventually CAS decided in favor of Alianza and the team was returned to the first division and Carlos Stein sent to the second division despite the fact that the new season (2021) had already kicked off, and Carlos Stein had played a match.
Eventually, the regular 2021 season ended with a two legged play off against Sporting Cristal. Alianza beat Sporting Cristal in the first game 1-0 and tied the second game 0–0 to become the champions for 2021.[27][28] Carlos Stein, meanwhile, came through a penalty shoot out at the end of a play off in the second division and won promotion back to the first division again for 2022. [citation needed]
Alianza Lima finished in fourth place for the 2022 Torneo Apertura and first in the Torneo Clausura. Due to coming in second in the aggregate table, they received a bye in the semi-finals of the championship playoffs. Melgar beat Sporting Crystal 2–0 in each leg, coming out 4–0 winners on aggregate to set up a showdown with Alianza Lima for the 2022 Liga 1 title. The first leg was played in Melgar's stadium in Arequipa and Alianza lost 1-0 due to a Yordi Vílchez own goal. Yordi Vílchez made up for it by tying the series on aggregate with a header right before halftime in the second leg. Pablo Lavandeira then popped up to score a header of his own in the 74th minute to give Alianza a 2-1 aggregate lead. They held on to that lead and won back-to-back league titles for the first time since their 2003 and 2004 league title triumphs. This was, according to Peru's official records, Alianza Lima's 25th league title win, while Alianza will refute that this was their 26th.[29] This was also their seventh title since the turn of the century, a record only matched by Crystal. In 2023, defending champions Alianza lost to historic rivals Universitario de Deportes in the final, 3–1 on aggregate.
Alianza Lima's traditional uniform. The number of stripes the jersey carries has changed over the years.
The kit used during October in honor of the club's patron saint
The team's home colours consists of a shirt with navy blue and white vertical stripes, navy blue shorts and navy blue socks. Its away colours are not commonly used nor well established, playing sometimes in blue, white or green.
During the month of October, as a tribute to the Lord of Miracles, patron of the team, the regular colours are switched to purple and white. The color purple is often associated with the religious image and its procession, being the only team in the world to change the colour of its shirt for a religious tradition.[30]
Alianza Lima plays its home games at the Estadio Alejandro Villanueva, also known as Matute for the neighbourhood it is located in. Construction was announced on 15 February 1951, the club's 50th anniversary. The land where the stadium was built was donated by Manuel Odría, then-President of Peru.[31] Financial problems however, delayed the beginning of construction.[32] It was only until 30 May 1969 that construction commenced. Uruguayan architect Walter Lavalleja was responsible for the project, with a contribution by Alfonso De Souza-Ferreyra.[33]
The stadium was inaugurated on 27 December 1974, with a match between Alianza and Nacional of Uruguay in front of a crowd of 36,966 spectators. The match ended 2–2.[34]
On 4 December 2010, the stadium became the first in Peru to own an LED screen in high definition. Likewise, it was also at the time the only national sports arena that had a digital banner intended for advertising in 101 square meters.[35][36]
According to a survey carried out by the University of Lima, the Estadio Alejandro Villanueva is the most unsafe stadium in Peru to play football. This is particularly due to it being located in one of the most dangerous neighbourhoods of Lima.[37] Because of this, since 2016, the stadium has a video-monitoring center and is equipped with 50 high-tech security cameras located in different areas throughout, including both grandstands and the interior and exterior.[38]
Alianza Lima's supporters are the largest in Peru. Alianza Lima's "Barra Brava", or Ultras group are called the Comando Svr (spelled with a "V" instead of a "U", intending to avoid the initial of bitter rivals Universitario). Alianza Lima are known for their large celebrations and dedication in fans. Historically, the club has been the club of the poor, while rivals Universitario were of the rich. This was one of the few differences that sparked their intense rivalry. In years 2001, 2002 and 2003 Apoyo Opinión y Mercado conducted a comparative research about the composition of the Peruvian supporters: According to the survey, 76% of the respondents supported a football team and 24% had no preference. In 2001, results placed Alianza Lima first with 42% of the answers followed by Universitario with 35%. In 2002, the numbers varied but not significantly. Alianza Lima got 43% Universitario 37% and Sporting Cristal 13% of the answers. Alianza for 2003 reached nearly 50% of preferences compared with 31% of Universitario and 17% of Sporting Cristal. For socio-economic levels, Alianza won in A, C, D and E class, while the Universitario was leader in B class. The research found that Alianza's supporters grow when the respondents where of down living standards (in the E class have the 63%).[39]
In a study of the Compañía Peruana de Estudios de Mercado y Opinión Pública called "Profile of children and adolescents" between men and women from 11 to 17 years in Lima, Alianza wins with the 50% of preferences, followed by Universitario with 37%. Sporting Cristal won the 8% and other teams joined a 5%.[40]
A survey of the Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru between November and December 2008 confirmed that Alianza is the most popular team with the 27% preference in Lima and Callao. Universitario was 21%, and Sporting Cristal 8%. The remaining teams joined by 3%. The survey conducted by the home study was conducted in 15 major urban provinces of Peru. In this regard, Alianza led again with a total 24%, followed by Universitario (20%), Sporting Cristal (9%) Cienciano (3%), FBC Melgar (2%) and Sport Boys (1%) . 35% of those questioned claimed to have no sympathy whatsoever.[41] A survey conducted by Ipsos support between 17 and 19 December 2008, Universitario ranked first in popularity with 34%, one percentage point below Alianza Lima with 33%. The survey was conducted of 515 people older than 18 years and residents of the 16 main cities.
In 2014, a research done by the "Euromericas Sport Marketing" agency, ranked Alianza Lima as the most popular soccer team in South America and the second most popular in Latin America. Fans's loyalty to Alianza Lima cannot be matched in the continent, that it even surpassed other big soccer teams from Argentina and Brazil like Boca Juniors and Corinthians.[42]
The rivalry between Universitario and Alianza Lima, known as the Peruvian Clásico or El Clásico de los Clásicos del Futbol Peruano, has been the largest football rivalry in Peru and one of the largest in South America. The rivalry first took place in a match between the two sides in 1928. Alianza Lima were expected winners but Universitario came out victorious, beating the league champions. Games between the two teams often erupt into violence and arguments. Alianza Lima has defeated Universitario 140 times and lost 122 times against them. There were 103 draws.
Over the years, this match has been the scene of major altercations, which ended with several players being sent off. This has accentuated the oldest rivalry in Peruvian football, in which Alianza has a significant advantage over its rival, winning 139 times compared to 119 times in 361 classics. It has also scored more goals than its classic rival with a total of 487 goals.
Sporting Cristal
Alianza Lima has had a long-standing rivalry with Sporting Cristal. This rivalry is among the largest in Peru. Since the 1956 championship, when they met for the first time with a 2–1 victory for Alianza, these two teams have played 197 times, of which Alianza won 70 and Sporting Cristal 59. In total there were 68 draws, 487 goals were scored (251 by Alianza Lima). In the 2004 Apertura Tournament, the blue and whites achieved the largest result in this kind of match. It was a 5-0, where Sporting Cristal played with an alternate team.
Players
Current squad
As of 31 August 2024
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules, some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules, some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
The Alianza Lima women's football team plays in the Primera División Femenina, or Liga Femenina, the highest tier in Peruvian women's football. They have won the championship two times in 2021 and 2022. They were runners-up in the 2023 season. Alianza Lima has yet to win an international competition such as the Copa Libertadores Femenina. Their best run in the competition was the quarter-finals in 2022.
Alianza Lima has a women's volleyball team that participates in the Liga Nacional Superior de Voleibol, the highest tier in Peruvian women's volleyball. They won their first title in the 2023–24 season, after being runners-up in the previous three seasons. They have also won the División Superior de Vóley, the previous highest division in volleyball, three times. Alianza Lima were runners-up in the Campeonato Sudamericano de Campeones in 1994.
The Alianza Lima basketball team plays in the Liga Nacional de Basketball. The women's team won the Liga de Basket de Lima in 1980 which is the teams only title.
The Alianza Lima futsal team participates in the Liga de Futsal de Perú. The team was founded on 16 August 2022 and were national champions in 2023. The team also won the Copa Latinoamericana Inclusiva that same year.
E-sports
Alianza Lima has an E-sports football team that participates in the Liga Peruana de eFootball. They won the national league in 2021.
Related Research Articles
Club Sporting Cristal S.A. is a Peruvian sports club located in the city of Lima, best known for its football team. It was founded on 13 December 1955 in the Rímac district by engineer Richard Bentín Mujica and his wife Esther Grande de Bentín, stockholders of the Peruvian brewery Backus and Johnston. The club and the brewery have been closely linked since its inception, and it is for this reason that it is popularly known as los Cerveceros.
Club Universitario de Deportes is a Peruvian sports club based in Lima, which has football as its main activity. It also has women's football, voleyball and basketball sections. The football team, popularly known as Universitario, has competed in the top tier of Peruvian football, the Liga 1, since 1928. They are the most successful team in Peruvian football with 28 titles and have never been relegated. The club was founded in August 1924 under the name Federación Universitaria by students of the National University of San Marcos but was forced to rename in 1931.
The Peru First Division, officially known as Liga 1, is the top flight of association football in Peru. It has been referred to as Torneo Descentralizado since 1966, when the first teams residing outside the Lima and Callao provinces were invited to compete in the inaugural league national competition.
The 2006 Torneo Descentralizado was the ninetieth season of Peruvian football. A total of 12 teams competed in the tournament, with Sporting Cristal as the defending champion. Alianza Lima won its twenty-second Primera División title after beating Cienciano in the final playoffs. The season began on February 3, 2006, and ended on December 27, 2006.
The 1998 season of the Torneo Descentralizado was the 83rd season of the top category of Peruvian football (soccer). It was played by 12 teams. The national champion was Universitario.
José Aurelio Carvallo Alonso is a Peruvian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Peruvian Liga 1 club Universidad César Vallejo.
The Peruvian Clásico or the Classic of the Classics of Peruvian Football is the name given to Peru's biggest football derby between Alianza Lima and Universitario. The rivalry between these two clubs started in their first game on 23 September 1928 when the two first faced off in a violent game. Both clubs come from the capital city, Lima.
Football is the most popular sport in Peru. Football/soccer in Peru was introduced by British immigrants, Peruvians returning from Great Britain, and by English sailors in the later half of the 19th century during their frequent stops at the port of Callao, which at that point was considered one of the most important ports of the Pacific Ocean. According to the work entitled La Difusión del Fútbol en Lima, during the last decade of the 19th century, records show that sailors were known to practice sports such as football/soccer and played against teams made up of Englishmen, Peruvians, or a mix between Englishmen and Peruvians.
Club Atlético Defensor Lima is a Perúvian football club located in the district of Breña, Lima. The club was founded on July 31, 1931.
The 2011 Torneo Descentralizado de Fútbol Profesional was the ninety-fifth season of Association Peruvian football. A total of 16 teams competed in the tournament, with Universidad de San Martín as the defending champion. The Torneo Descentralizado began on 12 February and concluded on 14 December with the victory of Juan Aurich over Alianza Lima in the penalty kicks of the final Play-off, giving Juan Aurich its debut Peruvian title.
The Torneo Descentralizado is the national Peruvian professional league for association football clubs. At the top of the Peruvian football league system, it is the country's primary football competition. The responsibility for its organization lies within the Asociación Deportiva de Fútbol Profesional. Contested by 16 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the Segunda División and the Copa Peru. Seasons run from February to December but the competition format varies from season to season. Most games are played on Saturdays and Sundays, with a few games played during weekday evenings. It is currently sponsored by Movistar TV and therefore commercially known as the Torneo Descentralizado Copa Movistar.
The 2012 U-20 Copa Libertadores was the second edition of this U-20 club competition. Players born on or after 1 January 1992 were eligible to compete. The tournament was played in Lima, Peru.
Horacio Martín Calcaterra is a footballer who plays as a midfielder for Peruvian Liga 1 club Universitario de Deportes. Born in Argentina, he plays for the Peru national team.
The 2014 Torneo del Inca was the 2nd season of the Peruvian domestic cup. A total of 16 teams were competing in the tournament from the 2014 Torneo Descentralizado. The Torneo del Inca began on February 14 and is ended on May 21.
The 2018 Torneo Descentralizado de Fútbol Profesional was the 102nd edition of the top flight of Association football governed by the Federación Peruana de Futbol (FPF). There were 16 teams in play; Alianza Lima were the defending champions. Sporting Cristal won their nineteenth domestic championship on 16 December after beating Alianza Lima in both legs of the finals.
The 2019 Liga 1 de Fútbol Profesional was the 103rd season of the highest division of Peruvian football. A total of 18 teams competed in the season, with Sporting Cristal coming in as defending champions.
The Primera División Femenina officially named Liga Femenina, is the top tournament of women's association football in Peru, organized by the Peruvian Football Federation through its Women's Football Commission. The competition, as an official tournament, was created in 1996 under de name of "Campeonato Metropolitano de Fútbol Femenino", followed by the "Campeonato Nacional de Fútbol Femenino" which was renamed later as "Copa Femenina" and currently is designated as "Liga Femenina". The champion qualifies to the Copa Libertadores Femenina.
Carlos Jhilmar Lora Saavedra, better known as Jhilmar Lora, is a Peruvian professional footballer who plays as a right-back for Peruvian Primera División club Sporting Cristal and the Peru national team.
The 2022 Liga Femenina, also known as Liga Femenina Pluspetrol 2022 for sponsorship reasons, was the 24th season of the Peruvian Peruvian Primera División Femenina, the highest level of Peruvian women's football. The season began on 2 April and ended on 30 November.
The 2023 Liga Femenina, also known as Liga Femenina Apuesta Total 2023 for sponsorship reasons, was the 25th season of the Peruvian Peruvian Primera División Femenina, the highest level of Peruvian women's football. The season began on 1 April and ended on 2 September with the final.
↑ Yrigoyen, María (2 January 2020). "Sandro Baylón: 20 años de la muerte del joven que el Werder Bremen vino a buscar". El Comercio Perú (in Spanish). Retrieved 29 December 2022. El 1 de enero del 2000, cuando los noticieros pasaron las imágenes del auto deformado de Sandro Baylón, en la Costa Verde, los hinchas de Alianza Lima vieron partir a una promesa del fútbol.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
