Coenobita cavipes

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Coenobita cavipes
Coenobita cavipes Reversed BP 1.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Malacostraca
Order: Decapoda
Suborder: Pleocyemata
Infraorder: Anomura
Family: Coenobitidae
Genus: Coenobita
Species:
C. cavipes
Binomial name
Coenobita cavipes
Stimpson, 1858
Synonyms   [1]
  • Cenobita cavipesStimpson, 1858
  • Coenobita baltzeriNeumann, 1878

Coenobita cavipes (Passionfruit Hermit) is a species of land hermit crab native to the eastern parts of Africa, the Indonesia, Philippines, China, Japan, Malaysia, Taiwan, Polynesia, and Micronesia. [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] While these hermit crabs are terrestrial, they prefer to reside near the shores for access of both water and land. [5]

Contents

C. cavipes usually uses empty turbo shells, and occasionally part of a hard passion fruit. [8]

Habitat and Ecology

This land hermit crab lives in mangrove trees, are mainly nocturnal, and terrestrial species, however often prefer salt water inside of its shell. [4] The larger hermit crabs have been known to submerge their entire bodies into the sea water. The saltwater is used to bind the shell to the crabs back through the high salinity in the water. [6] In addition, water in the shell allows for rehydration, wetting the surface of their gills and abdomen which aids in gas exchange, reducing their body temperature, and facilitating in osmoregulation. [9]

These hermit crabs often reside in holes in large groups and have been known to cannibalize. Possible reasons for this may be due to the fact that they display negative preferences feeding on natural foods, instead preferring foods that they have not recently eaten. [10] Another possible reason for cannibalization is the competition of resources. [11]

A study was conducted that showed these hermit crabs were most active during October. Although their early stages of life are spent near the shore, the study concluded that C. cavipes do not prefer to be close to the shore in later stages of life although they frequently visit the water to replenish the water in their shells. [3] [11] The majority of their days are spent in the sand or under debris to keep from dehydration. [9] Females release their larvae into the sea.

Characteristics

Coenobita cavipes Coenobita cavipes Nigrum in Achatina fullica.jpg
Coenobita cavipes

The Coenobita cavipes prefer shells such as the Thinoclavis sinesis, Thais svigny, Volema paradiscia, Turbo cornoatus, and the Terebralia palustris, preferring larger shells. [3] Their large claw does not contain any "stitch marks", small diagonal lines that line the top of the large claw. Their body is either brown or a blue-grey color. The pinchers often exhibit a lighter color and they have long, comma-shaped eyes. [3] [5] Their orange antenna is often a distinguishing factor for the C. cavipes. Their left claw is often larger, which aids in climbing and moving while their right claw is often smaller which is beneficial in collecting food and materials. A purple chelae is present and no laminar teeth are present on the upper part of the outer surface of their left palm. [12]

Diet

C. cavipes feed in various ways such as deposit feeding, suspension-feeding, predation, and by scavenging. Depending on location, they often feed at low tide on fruits, human feces, bird feces, dead fish, and rotted vegetation. [3] Studies conducted on Quirimba Island discovered that feeding primarily occurs in mangroves and a popular source of food for these hermit crabs are human feces due to the growing population. [13]

Reproduction

Females release their larvae into the sea. [14] Typical breeding season is between mid-May to late August and many females produced two broods or more. [14] A study conducted on Okinawa-jima island found that females of C. cavipes produced smaller eggs, but at a larger amount than other Coenobita species. [14] Possible reasons for this may be lack of availability or poor selection of shells. [14] Another study on Iriomote Island in Japan suggests that semi-lunar rhythms occurred at larval release, but no synchronization between high or low tide was present, unlike other Coenobita species. [15] Eggs on C. cavipes are also incubated for around 30 days or more, unlike other their relatives. Breeding only occurs once to twice per year. [16]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hermit crab</span> Superfamily of crustaceans (Paguroidea)

Hermit crabs are anomuran decapod crustaceans of the superfamily Paguroidea that have adapted to occupy empty scavenged mollusc shells to protect their fragile exoskeletons. There are over 800 species of hermit crab, most of which possess an asymmetric abdomen concealed by a snug-fitting shell. Hermit crabs' soft (non-calcified) abdominal exoskeleton means they must occupy shelter produced by other organisms or risk being defenseless.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Caribbean hermit crab</span> Species of crustacean

The Caribbean hermit crab, also known as the soldier crab, West Atlantic crab, tree crab, or purple pincher, is a species of land hermit crab native to the west Atlantic, Belize, southern Florida, Venezuela, and the West Indies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ecuadorian hermit crab</span> Species of crustacean

The Ecuadorian hermit crab also known as the Pacific hermit crab is a species of land hermit crab. It is one of the two land hermit crabs commonly sold in North America as pets, the other being the Caribbean hermit crab.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Australian land hermit crab</span> Species of crustacean

The Australian land hermit crab is a terrestrial hermit crab species, native to Australia. It is a nocturnal, omnivorous crustacean. They are gregarious and thrive in tropical areas near water.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Porcelain crab</span> Family of crustaceans

Porcelain crabs are decapod crustaceans in the widespread family Porcellanidae, which superficially resemble true crabs. They have flattened bodies as an adaptation for living in rock crevices. They are delicate, readily losing limbs when attacked, and use their large claws for maintaining territories. They first appeared in the Tithonian age of the Late Jurassic epoch, 145–152 million years ago.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Coenobitidae</span> Family of crustaceans

The Coenobitidae are the family of terrestrial hermit crabs, widely known for their land-living habits as adults. They are found in coastal tropical regions around the world and require access to the ocean to breed.

<i>Coenobita</i> Genus of crustaceans

The genus Coenobita contains 17 species of terrestrial hermit crabs. Several species in this genus are kept as pets.

<i>Coenobita perlatus</i> Species of crustacean

Coenobita perlatus is a species of terrestrial hermit crab. It is known as the strawberry hermit crab because of its reddish-orange colours. It is a widespread scavenger across the Indo-Pacific, and wild-caught specimens are traded to hobby aquarists.

<i>Coenobita rugosus</i> Species of crustacean

Coenobita rugosus is a species of land hermit crab native to Indonesia, Australia and the east African coast to the south west Pacific.

<i>Coenobita brevimanus</i> Species of crustacean

Coenobita brevimanus is a species of terrestrial hermit crab belonging to the family Coenobitidae, which is composed of coastal living terrestrial hermit crabs. From there it belongs to the genus Coenobita, one of two genera split from the family, which contains sixteen species. The Latin origins of the species name, brevimanus, come from the adjective brevis ("small") and the noun manus ("hands"). It is known as the Indos crab or Indonesian crab because it is primarily distributed throughout the Indo-Pacific.

<i>Pagurus longicarpus</i> Species of crustacean

Pagurus longicarpus, the long-wristed hermit crab, is a common hermit crab found along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States and the Atlantic coast of Canada.

<i>Calcinus elegans</i> Species of crustacean

Calcinus elegans, also known as the blue line hermit crab, is a small, tropical hermit crab.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Coconut crab</span> Species of crustacean

The coconut crab is a terrestrial species of giant hermit crab, and is also known as the robber crab or palm thief. It is the largest terrestrial arthropod known, with a weight of up to 4.1 kg (9 lb). The distance from the tip of one leg to the tip of another can be as wide as 1 m. It is found on islands across the Indian and Pacific Oceans, as far east as the Gambier Islands, Pitcairn Islands and Caroline Island and as far south as Zanzibar. While its range broadly shadows the distribution of the coconut palm, the coconut crab has been extirpated from most areas with a significant human population such as mainland Australia and Madagascar.

<i>Pagurus sinuatus</i> Species of crustacean

Pagurus sinuatus is a large species of hermit crab found in Australia and the Kermadec Islands. It is red or orange in colour with coloured bands on the legs and patches on the body.

<i>Pagurus samuelis</i> Species of crustacean

Pagurus samuelis, the blueband hermit crab, is a species of hermit crab from the west coast of North America, and the most common hermit crab in California. It is a small species, with distinctive blue bands on its legs. It prefers to live in the shell of the black turban snail, and is a nocturnal scavenger of algae and carrion.

<i>Coenobita scaevola</i> Species of crustacean

Coenobita scaevola is a species of terrestrial hermit crab from the western Indian Ocean and Red Sea.

Coenobita lila is a species of land hermit crab in the genus Coenobita Latreille, 1829. Coenobita lila is described from Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia.

<i>Pagurus acadianus</i> Species of crustacean

Pagurus acadianus, the Acadian hermit crab, is a species of hermit crab in the family Paguridae. It is found in Western Atlantic Ocean.

Coenobita pseudorugosus is a species of terrestrial hermit crab, family Coenobitidae.

References

  1. ↑ Patsy A. McLaughlin; Tomoyuki Komai; Rafael Lemaitre; Dwi Listyo Rahayu (2010). Martyn E. Y. Low; S. H. Tan (eds.). "Annotated checklist of anomuran decapod crustaceans of the world (exclusive of the Kiwaoidea and families Chirostylidae and Galatheidae of the Galatheoidea) Part I – Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea" (PDF). The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. Suppl. 23: 5–107. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-01-22.
  2. ↑ "Coenobita cavipes". The common species of land hermit crabs. Archived from the original on July 8, 2011. Retrieved February 12, 2011.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 "Coenobita cavipes". 2011-07-08. Archived from the original on 2011-07-08. Retrieved 2022-04-15.
  4. 1 2 coenobita (2015-02-22). "Coenobita cavipes". Coenobita Species. Retrieved 2022-04-15.
  5. 1 2 3 "taxo4254 - Coenobita cavipes". singapore.biodiversity.online. Retrieved 2022-04-15.
  6. 1 2 "Coenobita cavipes - Land hermit crab - Taxo4254 - Wiki.nus". wiki.nus.edu.sg. Retrieved 2022-04-15.
  7. ↑ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Coenobita cavipes Stimpson, 1858". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2022-04-15.
  8. ↑ Gerald McCormack (2007). "Coenobita cavipes, Unga Pūtua (AK). Brown Hermit-Landcrab". Cook Islands Biodiversity. Rarotonga: Cook Islands Natural Heritage Trust . Retrieved February 12, 2011.
  9. 1 2 Becchi, C.; Innocenti, G.; Vannini, M. (2015-04-03). "Water uptake in terrestrial hermit crabs: a morpho-functional analysis". Italian Journal of Zoology. 82 (2): 157–164. doi:10.1080/11250003.2014.985749. hdl: 2158/1130930 . ISSN   1125-0003. S2CID   84804574.
  10. ↑ Thacker, R. W. (1996-03-28). "Food choices of land hermit crabs Coenobita compressus H Milne Edwards depend on past experience". Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 199 (2): 179–191. doi:10.1016/0022-0981(95)00192-1. ISSN   0022-0981.
  11. 1 2 Hsu, Chia-Hsuan; Otte, Marinus L.; Liu, Chi-Chang; Chou, Jui-Yu; Fang, Wei-Ta (2018-12-12). "What are the sympatric mechanisms for three species of terrestrial hermit crab (Coenobita rugosus, C. brevimanus, and C. cavipes) in coastal forests?". PLOS ONE. 13 (12): e0207640. Bibcode:2018PLoSO..1307640H. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207640 . ISSN   1932-6203. PMC   6291072 . PMID   30540770.
  12. ↑ Rahayu, Dwi (June 29, 2016). "A new species of land hermit crab in the genus Coenobita Latreille, 1829 from Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia, previously confused with C. cavipes Stimpson, 1858 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Coenobitidae)" (PDF).
  13. ↑ Barnes, David K. A. (1997-12-31). "Ecology of tropical hermit crabs at Quirimba Island, Mozambique: a novel and locally important food source". Marine Ecology Progress Series. 161: 299–302. Bibcode:1997MEPS..161..299B. doi: 10.3354/meps161299 . ISSN   0171-8630.
  14. 1 2 3 4 Nakasone, Yukio (2001-04-01). "Reproductive Biology of Thee Land Hermit Crabs (Decapoda: Anomura: Coenobitidae) in Okinawa, Japan [1]". Pacific Science. 55 (2): 157–169. doi:10.1353/psc.2001.0016. hdl: 10125/2496 . S2CID   84541043.
  15. ↑ DOI, WATARU; MIZUTANI, AKIRA; KOHNO, HIROYOSHI (2018). "Larval release rhythm of the land hermit crab Coenobita cavipes Stimpson, 1858 (Anomura, Coenobitidae) on Iriomote Island, Japan". Crustaceana. 91 (2): 199–211. doi:10.1163/15685403-00003758. ISSN   0011-216X. JSTOR   26570895.
  16. ↑ https://academic.oup.com/jcb/article-abstract/41/4/ruab056/6398514 . Retrieved 2022-04-15.{{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)


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