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This article contains the lift launch systems constructed by some solid fuel stages except the final stage.
Vehicle | Stage number | Origin | Manufacturer | Height (meter) | Diameter (meter) | Weight (ton) | Mass to LEO (kg) | Mass to Other Orbit (kg) | Maiden flight | Retired | Record | Status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ASLV | 5 | India | ISRO | 24 | 1 | 41 | 150 | 1987 | 1994 | 2/4 | Retired | |
Epsilon (without PBS) | 3 | Japan | IHI AeroSpace | 24.4 | 2.6 | 90.8 | 2016 | - | 1/1 | Active | ||
J-I | 2(+1) | Japan | NASDA / ISAS | 33.1 | 1.8 | 88.5 | 1000 | 1996 | 1996 | 1/1* | Retired | |
Kaituozhe-1 | 4 | China | CASIC | 13.6 | 1.4 | SSO: 50 | 2002 | ? | 0/2 | ? | ||
Kaituozhe-2 | China | CASIC | 2017 | 1/1 | Active | |||||||
Kuaizhou-11 | 4 | China | CASIC | ? | 2.2 | 78 | 1500 | SSO: 1000@700 km | 2017 | - | - | Development |
L-4S | 4 | Japan | Tokyo univ. | 16.5 | 0.735 | 9.4 | 26 | 1966 | 1970 [1] | 1/5 | Retired | |
Minotaur I | 4 | United States | Orbital Sciences | 19.2 | 1.67 | 36.2 | 580 | SSO: 331 | 2000 | - | 11/11 | Active |
Minotaur IV Lite | 3 | United States | Orbital Sciences | 23.88[ citation needed ] | 2.34[ citation needed ] | 86.3[ citation needed ] | - | 2010 | - | 2/2* | Active | |
Minotaur IV | 4 | United States | Orbital Sciences | 23.88 [2] | 2.34[ citation needed ] | 86.3[ citation needed ] | 1735[ citation needed ] | 2010 | - | 1/1 | Active | |
Minotaur IV+ | 4 | United States | Orbital Sciences | 23.88 | 2.34 | 86.3 | 1985 | 2011 | 1/1 | Active | ||
Minotaur IV/Orion 38 | 4 | United States | Orbital Sciences | 2017 | - | 1/1 | Active | |||||
Minotaur V | 5 | United States | Orbital Sciences | 1.67 | GTO:640 TLI:447 | 2013 [3] | - | 1/1 | Active | |||
M-3C | 3 | Japan | Tokyo univ. | 20.2 | 1.41 | 41.8 | 195 | 1974 | 1979 | 3/4 | Retired | |
M-3H | 3 | Japan | Tokyo univ. | 23.8 | 1.41 | 48.7 | 300 | 1977 | 1978 | 3/3 | Retired | |
M-3S | 3 | Japan | Tokyo univ. | 23.8 | 1.41 | 48.7 | 300 | 1980 | 1984 | 4/4 | Retired | |
M-3SII | 3(+1) | Japan | ISAS | 27.8 | 1.41 | 61 | 770 | 1985 | 1995 | 7/8 | Retired | |
M-4S | 4 | Japan | Tokyo univ. | 23.6 | 1.41 | 43.6 | 180 | 1970 | 1972 | 3/4 | Retired | |
M-V | 3(+1) | Japan | ISAS | 30.8 | 2.5 | 140 | 1850 | Interplanetary: 500 | 1997 | 2006 | 6/7 | Retired |
Pegasus | 3 | United States | Orbital Sciences | 16.9 | 1.27 | 18.5 | 375 | 1990 | 10/11 | ? | ||
Pegasus XL | 3 | United States | Orbital Sciences | 17.6 | 1.27 | 23.13 | 443 | 1994 | - | 29/32 | Active | |
Qaem 100 | 3 | Iran | IRGC | 80 | - | 0/0 | Development | |||||
Scout | 4 [4] | United States | NACA | 23 | 1.01 | 21.5 | 1961 | 1994 | Retired | |||
Scout-A | 4 | United States | NACA | 25 | 1.01 | 17.85 | 1965 | 1970 [5] | Retired | |||
Shavit | 3 | Israel | IAI | 15.3[ citation needed ] | 1.352[ citation needed ] | 23.2[ citation needed ] | 160[ citation needed ] | 1988 | 1990 | 2/2 | Retired | |
Shavit1 (LK-A) | 3 | Israel | IAI | 17.2 | 1.352 | 27.3 | 240 | 1995 | 2004 | 2/4 | Retired | |
Shavit2 (LK-1) | 3 | Israel | IAI | 19.5[ citation needed ] | 1.352[ citation needed ] | 31.2[ citation needed ] | 350[ citation needed ] | 2007 | - | 4/4 | Active | |
SLV | 4 | India | ISRO | 22 | 1 | 17 | 40 | 1979 | 1983 | 3/4 | Retired | |
RPS-420 | 4 | Indonesia | LAPAN | 9.5 | 0.42 | 50 | (2014) | - | 0/0 | Development | ||
SPARK (Super Strypi) | 3 | United States | Hawaii, Sandia, Aerojet Rocketdyne | SSO: 250 | 2015 | - | 0/1 | Active | ||||
SS-520(3-stage) | 3 | Japan | ISAS/JAXA | 9.54 | 0.52 | 2.6 | 4 | - | 2017 | - | 1/2 | Active |
Start-1 | 4 | Russia | MIT | 22.7 | 1.61 | 47.2 | 532 | SSO: 167 | 1993 | - | 6/6 | Active |
Taiwan SLV | 4 | Republic of China | NSPO | 50 | - | - | 0/0 | Development | ||||
Taurus | 3+1 | United States | Orbital Sciences | 27 | 2.35 | 69 | 1259 | SSO: 889 | 1994 | - | 5/6 | ? |
Taurus XL Minotaur-C | 3+1 | United States | Orbital Sciences | 32 | 2.35 | 77 | 1458 | SSO: 1054 | 2004 | - | 2/4 | Active |
VLS-1 | 3 | Brazil | AEB | 19.5[ citation needed ] | 1.01[ citation needed ] | 50.7[ citation needed ] | 380[ citation needed ] | 1997 | - | 0/2 | Development |
Vehicle | Main stages | Origin | Manufacturer | Height (meter) | Diameter (meter) | Weight (ton) | Mass to... (kg) | Maiden flight | Retired | Record | Status | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Solid | Liquid | LEO | Other orbit | ||||||||||
Ares I | 1 | 1 | United States | Alliant Techsystems / Boeing | 94 | 5.5 | 25000 | (2015) | 0/0 | Cancelled | |||
Athena I | 2 | 1 | United States | Lockheed Martin | 1995 | 2001 | 3/4 | Retired | |||||
Athena Ic | 2 | 1 | United States | Lockheed Martin Alliant Techsystems | (2012) | 0/0 | Development | ||||||
Athena II [6] | 3 | 1 | United States | Lockheed Martin | 30.5 | 2.36 | 120.2 | 1896 | 1998 | 1999 | 2/3 | Retired | |
Athena IIc | 3 | 1 | United States | Lockheed Martin Alliant Techsystems | (2012) | 0/0 | Development | ||||||
Epsilon PBS | 3 | 1 | Japan | IHI AeroSpace | 24.4 | 2.6 | 90.8 | 2013 | - | 3/4 | Active | ||
Hyperbola-1 | 3 | 1 | China | i-Space | 20 | 31 | 300 | 2019 | - | 1/1 | Active | ||
Kuaizhou-1 | 3 | 1 | China | CASIC | 18 | 1.4 | 32 | ~300 | SSO: 430@500 km | 2013 | - | 1/1 | Active |
Kuaizhou-1A | 3 | 1 | China | CASIC | 1.4 | 30 | ~300 | SSO: 200@700 km | 2014 | - | 2/2 | Active | |
Long March 11 | 3 | 1 | China | 2015 | - | 7/7 | Active | ||||||
Minotaur IV HAPS | United States | Orbital Sciences | 23.88 | 2.34 | 86.3 | 2010 | - | 1/1 | Active | ||||
Vega | 3 | 1 | European Union | ESA / ISA | 30 | 3 | 137 | 2000(?) | SSO: 1500 | 2012 | - | 18/20 | Active |
Vega-C | 3 | 1 | European Union | ESA / ISA | 35 | 3.4 | 2022 | - | 1/2 | Active | |||
Zuljanah | 2 | 1 | Iran | MODAFL | 25.5 | 1.5 | 52 | 220 | - | 0/0 | Development |
Spaceflight is an application of astronautics to fly objects, usually spacecraft, into or through outer space, either with or without humans on board. Most spaceflight is uncrewed and conducted mainly with spacecraft such as satellites in orbit around Earth, but also includes space probes for flights beyond Earth orbit. Such spaceflight operate either by telerobotic or autonomous control. The more complex human spaceflight has been pursued soon after the first orbital satellites and has reached the Moon and permanent human presence in space around Earth, particularly with the use of space stations. Human spaceflight programs include the Soyuz, Shenzhou, the past Apollo Moon landing and the Space Shuttle programs. Other current spaceflight are conducted to the International Space Station and to China's Tiangong Space Station.
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