Constituent Congress
The Constituent Congress was installed on January 30, 1850, in the city of Iguala, which was then the capital of the state. By decree number 32, dated January 12 of the same year, the Local Congress established the territorial division of the State, which was made up of nine electoral districts. The first Electoral Law of the State was enacted on October 6, 1851. [3]
In the Provisional Organic Law for the Internal Arrangement of the State, enacted in March 1850, the figure of the Government Council was established, which had permanent deputation functions and was made up of three Councilors appointed by the Congress.
The State Congress has had different headquarters, the first in the city of Iguala in the first three months of the year 1850; The second was in Ciudad Guerrero from April 1850 until 1871, and finally, the city of Chilpancingo de los Bravo, which was definitively declared the seat of the three branches of government.
| I Legislature |
|---|
| Nicolás Bravo |
| Diego Álvarez |
| Juan José Calleja |
| José María Añorve de Salas |
| Félix María Leyva |
| Ignacio Castañón |
| Miguel Ibarra |
| Ignacio Cid del Prado |
| Eugenio Vargas |
| Tomás Gómez |
| José María Cervantes |
Constitutional Congress
The First Political Constitution of the Free and Sovereign State of Guerrero was published on June 26, 1851. It established that the composition of Congress was unicameral and that the election of its members would be carried out indirectly. Article 52 of this constitutional document established that legislative work would be regulated by an Internal Regulation of Congress.
The Political Constitution of 1851 provided that the Legislative Congress would be renewed by half every two years, with the Deputies with the longest service being elected at the end of each two-year period. Among the most important powers that this Constitution granted to Congress is the appointment of the Governor of the State, based on the proposal of a list of three candidates made by electors appointed by Congress itself.
In 1862, a new Constitution was enacted, which established for the first time the system of direct election of Deputies to the State Congress. Likewise, for the first time, the figure of a permanent deputation, made up of the Deputies themselves, was established.
Through constitutional reforms, in 1874, for the first time, two ordinary sessions were established annually, also indicating that the total renewal of the Congress would take place every two years.
In 1880, the Political Constitution of the State was reformed again, which allowed the number of Deputies to increase to thirteen. These reforms also stipulated that preparatory meetings would be held for the installation of the Legislatures.
In 1917, a new Local Political Constitution was enacted, establishing for the first time, the direct election of the Governor of the State, as well as the documentation of the “electoral district”. In the aforementioned ordinance, the public nature of the sessions was established.
Through Decree Number 86, various important reforms were applied to the Local Political Constitution, which were published in the Official Gazette on December 13, 1950. Among them, the obligation of the State Governor to present an annual report to the Local Congress regarding the state of the different branches of public administration stands out.
On June 2, 1955, the first Internal Regulations of the Chamber of Deputies were promulgated. Through reforms made to the Local Political Constitution, the period of constitutional exercise of the legislatures was extended from two to three years and the figure of Party Deputies was established; through this means, the parties opposed to the Institutional Revolutionary Party were represented for the first time in the State Congress, during the constitutional exercise of the XLIX Legislature, which began its work on February 20, 1978. The Popular Socialist Party was assigned a Deputy.
Through another constitutional reform, in 1984 the number of Deputies was increased, and the possibility of the Congress being made up of up to 18 Deputies was established, 14 elected by first-past-the-post and, where appropriate, by four more elected by proportional representation. Also, for the first time, the issuance of an Organic Law of the Legislative Power was foreseen, which was enacted on June 27, 1985.
The reforms made to the Political Constitution of the State in 1986 established the possibility of the Congress being made up of 26 Legislators: 14 elected by first-past-the-post and up to 12 Deputies assigned by proportional representation.
A new reform applied in 1992 to the aforementioned article, provided that Congress could be composed of up to 46 Deputies, 28 elected by first-past-the-post and up to 14 more assigned by proportional representation, also prescribing the clause of governability in favor of the majority party, to which by law four proportional representation seats should be assigned.
The last reform to article 29 of the State Constitution was carried out in 1996, establishing at 28 the number of Legislators elected by first-past-the-post and up to 18 the number of Deputies elected by proportional representation. The governability clause was eliminated, providing that no political party may have more than 30 Deputies elected by both principles.
