Conospermum longifolium

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Long leaf smokebush
Flower Head Bairne Track.jpg
In Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Proteales
Family: Proteaceae
Genus: Conospermum
Species:
C. longifolium
Binomial name
Conospermum longifolium
Synonyms [1]
  • Conospermum longifolium var. intermediumMeisn. nom. illeg., nom. superfl.
  • Conospermum scolopendrinum Gand.
  • Conospermum smithii Pers. nom. inval.

Conospermum longifolium, commonly known as the long leaf smokebush, [2] is a species of flowering plant of the family Proteaceae and is endemic to New South Wales. It is a dense shrub or undershrub with linear to narrowly lance-shaped leaves, panicles of white flowers and velvety, cream-coloured to dark brown nuts.

Contents

Description

Conospermum longifolium is a dense shrub or undershrub that typically grows to a height of up to 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in) and is covered with fine hairs. The leaves are linear to narrowly lance-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, 35–190 mm (1.4–7.5 in) long and 1–27 mm (0.039–1.063 in) wide, glabrous and sessile. The flowers are arranged in panicles of up to 4 flowers on a peduncle 100–250 mm (3.9–9.8 in) long with glabrous, egg-shaped bracteoles 1.6–3.8 mm (0.063–0.150 in) long and 1.0–2.5 mm (0.039–0.098 in) wide. The perianth is white, forming a tube 1.7–6 mm (0.067–0.236 in) long. The upper lip is egg-shaped, 1.5–3.5 mm (0.059–0.138 in) long and 1.8–2.5 mm (0.071–0.098 in) wide, the lower lip joined for 1.2–2.5 mm (0.047–0.098 in) with elliptic lobes 1.5–2.6 mm (0.059–0.102 in) long and 0.8–1 mm (0.031–0.039 in) wide. Flowering occurs in spring, and the fruit is a hairy cream-coloured to dark brown nut 2–3 mm (0.079–0.118 in) long with golden hairs. [2] [3]

Taxonomy

Conospermum longifolium was first formally described in 1806 by James Edward Smith in his book, Exotic Botany , from a specimen collected from Port Jackson. [4] [5] The specific epithet (longifolium) means 'long-flowered'. [6]

In 1975, Lawrie Johnson and Donald McGillivray described 3 subspecies of C. longifolium in the journal Telopea , and the names are accepted by the Australian Plant Census:

Distribution and habitat

Long leaf smokebush grows in forest, woodland and heath on sandy soils on the coast and ranges of New South Wales between Newcastle, New South Wales and Ulladulla. [2] Subspecies angustifolium is restricted to an area between Waterfall and Appin, [9] subsp. longifolium mainly in coastal area between Port Jackson and Lake Conjola [11] and subp. mediale mainly in the Blue Mountains between Putty and Moss Vale. [13]

Related Research Articles

<i>Conospermum</i> Genus of plants in the family Proteaceae

Conospermum is a genus of about 50 species of flowering plants in the family Proteaceae that are endemic to Australia. Members of the genus are known as smokebushes - from a distance, their wispy heads of blue or grey flowers resemble puffs of smoke. They have an unusual pollination method that sometimes leads to the death of visiting insects. They are found in all Australian states, though most occur only in Western Australia. Smokebushes are rarely cultivated, though the flowers of several Western Australian species are harvested for the cut flower industry.

<i>Conospermum acerosum</i> Species of Australian shrub

Conospermum acerosum, commonly known as needle-leaved smokebush, is a species of flowering plant in family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south west of Western Australia. It is spindly, erect or straggly shrub with needle-shaped or thread-like leaves, panicles of white or pink flowers and reddish brown nuts.

<i>Conospermum glumaceum</i> Species of Australian shrub

Conospermum glumaceum, commonly known as hooded smokebush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect shrub with more or less clustered, linear leaves, and panicles of dense, head-like spikes of tube-shaped, cream-coloured flowers and white to golden nuts.

<i>Daviesia ulicifolia</i> Species of plant

Daviesia ulicifolia, commonly known as gorse bitter-pea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It is a rigid, openly-branched shrub with sharply-pointed, narrow elliptic, narrow egg-shaped, rarely egg-shaped phyllodes and usually orange-yellow and dark red flowers.

<i>Conospermum ellipticum</i> Species of Australian shrub

Conospermum ellipticum is a species of flowering plant in family Proteaceae and is endemic to New South Wales. It is an erect shrub with hairy, elliptic leaves, panicles of cream-coloured to white flowers and golden, hairy nuts.

<i>Aggreflorum longifolium</i> Species of shrub

Aggreflorum longifolium is a species of shrub or small tree that is endemic to north-western Australia. It has weeping branches, smooth bark, pale green linear leaves, small white flowers and thin-walled fruit.

<i>Conospermum amoenum</i> Species of Australian shrub

Conospermum amoenum, commonly known as blue smokebush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect or spreading shrub with linear leaves, and spikes of blue or white tube-shaped flowers.

<i>Conospermum boreale</i> Species of Australian shrub

Conospermum boreale is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect, much-branched shrub with egg-shaped to elliptic or lance-shaped leaves, and panicles of woolly, white flowers.

<i>Conospermum brownii</i> Species of Australian shrub

Conospermum brownii, commonly known as blue-eyed smokebush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a more or less open shrub with glaucous, lance-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base, and spike-like corymbs of white to cream-coloured flowers.

<i>Conospermum canaliculatum</i> Species of Australian shrub in the family Proteaceae

Conospermum canaliculatum is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae, and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a dense, multistemmed, erect shrub with linear leaves and spike-like panicles of woolly white, tube-shaped flowers.

<i>Conospermum crassinervium</i> Species of Australian shrub

Conospermum crassinervium, commonly known as summer smokebush or tassel smokebush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae, and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a low, tufted shrub with clustered leaves arranged at the base of the plant and corymbs of spikes of white to grey, hairy, tube-shaped flowers.

<i>Conospermum densiflorum</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae

Conospermum densiflorum, commonly known as crown smokebush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect, much-branched shrub with thread-like leaves at the base of the plant, and spikes or corymbs of velvety, cream-coloured or blue, tube-shaped flowers.

<i>Conospermum eatoniae</i> Species of Australian shrub in the family Proteaceae

Conospermum eatoniae, commonly known as blue lace, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a spreading shrub with egg-shaped leaves only present on young plants, and panicles of glabrous blue, tube-shaped flowers with pale green bracteoles.

<i>Conospermum flexuosum</i> Species of Australian shrub in the family Proteaceae

Conospermum flexuosum, commonly known as the tangled smokebush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a sprawling shrub with many zig-zag branches, panicles of white to pale blue, tube-shaped flowers and urn-shaped, hairy nuts.

Conospermum galeatum is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an open shrub with threadlike, channelled leaves, and panicles of spikes of woolly white flowers with blue bracteoles.

<i>Conospermum huegelii</i> Species of Australian shrub

Conospermum huegelii, commonly known as the slender smokebush, is a species of flowering plant endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a low, clumped shrub with thread-like to narrowly cylindrical leaves, and spikes of pale blue to cream-coloured, tube-shaped flowers and hairy nuts.

<i>Conospermum leianthum</i> Species of Australian shrub

Conospermum leianthum is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a shrub with thread-like leaves, and panicles of white and more or less purple, tube-shaped flowers.

<i>Conospermum hookeri</i> Species of Australian shrub in the family Proteaceae

Conospermum hookeri, commonly known as Tasmanian smokebush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to Tasmania. It is a shrub with many branches, spatula-shaped or linear leaves, panicles of spikes of white, tube-shaped flowers and reddish brown nuts covered with silky fawn-coloured hairs.

<i>Conospermum burgessiorum</i> Species of Australian plant in the family Proteaceae

Conospermum burgessiorum is a species of flowering plant in family Proteaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is an erect to spreading shrub with linear leaves, panicles of cream-coloured to white flowers and reddish brown nuts.

<i>Pomaderris phylicifolia</i> Species of plant

Pomaderris phylicifolia, commonly known as narrow-leaf pomaderris, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rhamnaceae and is to south-eastern Australia and New Zealand. It is a slender shrub with hairy stems, narrowly egg-shaped to linear leaves, and small clusters of cream-coloured to yellow flowers.

References

  1. 1 2 "Conospermum longifolium". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
  2. 1 2 3 Mackay, David. "Conospermum longifolium". Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
  3. Bennett, Eleanor M. "Conospermum longifolium". Flora of Australia. Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water: Canberra. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
  4. "Conospermum longifolium". Australian Plant Name Index. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
  5. Smith, James Edward (1806). Exotic Botany. Vol. 2. Fleet Street, London: R. Taylor & Co. p. 45. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
  6. George, Alex; Sharr, Francis (2021). Western Australian Plant Names and Their Meanings (4th ed.). Kardinya, WA: Four Gables Press. p. 242. ISBN   9780958034180.
  7. "Conospermum longifolium subsp. angustifolium". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
  8. 1 2 3 Johnson, Lawrie A.S.; McGillivray, Donald (1975). "Conospermum Sm. (Proteaceae) in Eastern Australia". Telopea. 1 (1): 63–64. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
  9. 1 2 Mackay, David. "Conospermum longifolium subsp. angustifolium". Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
  10. "Conospermum longifolium subsp. longifolium". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
  11. 1 2 Mackay, David. "Conospermum longifolium subsp. longifolium". Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
  12. "Conospermum longifolium subsp. mediale". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
  13. 1 2 Mackay, David. "Conospermum longifolium subsp. mediale". Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney. Retrieved 26 September 2024.