Gelinae is a subfamily of wasps in the family Ichneumonidae. The name is not universally accepted; it is also called Phygadeuontinae, Hemitelinae, and Cryptinae by various authorities. Gelinae was the name used by H. K. Townes in 1969.
Eumenes is the type genus of the subfamily Eumeninae of Vespidae. It is a large and widespread genus, with over 100 taxa, mostly occurring in the temperate portions of the Northern Hemisphere. Most species are black or brown, and commonly marked with strikingly contrasting patterns of yellow, white, orange, or red. Like most vespids, their wings are folded longitudinally at rest. The first metasomal segment is narrow and elongated, creating a "bulbous" appearance to the abdomen.
The cosmopolitan bee genus Ceratina, often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. They make nests in dead wood, stems, or pith, and while many are solitary, a number are subsocial, with mothers caring for their larvae, and in a few cases where multiple females are found in a single nest, daughters or sisters may form very small, weakly eusocial colonies. One species is unique for having both social and asocial populations, Ceratina australensis, which exhibits all of the pre-adaptations for successful group living. This species is socially polymorphic with both solitary and social nests collected in sympatry. Social colonies in that species consist of two foundresses, one contributing both foraging and reproductive effort and the second which remains at the nest as a passive guard. Cooperative nesting provides no overt reproductive benefits over solitary nesting in this population, although brood survival tends to be greater in social colonies. Maternal longevity, subsociality and bivoltine nesting phenology in this species favour colony formation, while dispersal habits and offspring longevity may inhibit more frequent social nesting in this and other ceratinines.
Pyrobombus is a subgenus of bumblebees, with its centres of diversity in Central Asia and north-western North America. Nearly a fifth of all Bombus species fall within Pyrobombus and its member species vary considerably in size, appearance and behaviour.
Ammophila is the type genus of the subfamily Ammophilinae of the hunting wasp family Sphecidae. Ammophila is a large and cosmopolitan genus, with over 200 species, mostly occurring in the warmer regions of all continents apart from Antarctica.
Entedoninae is a subfamily of chalcid wasps from the family Eulophidae which includes over 90 genera.
Eulophinae is a subfamily of chalcid wasps from the family Eulophidae which includes over 90 genera.
Leucospis is a genus of wasps belonging to the family Leucospidae. Most species are brightly coloured with yellow and black patterning and about 2 cm long. They have characteristically enlarged femurs on the hind leg with the lower margin toothed. The wings have a longitudinal fold and the long ovipositor is bent over their backs above the abdomen or metasoma. They are parasitic on wasps and solitary bees that construct cells and provision food for their offspring. The Leucospis larvae live and grow as ectoparasites of the host larvae. Usually, only, one parasite emerges from a single cell. The genus Micrapion from South Africa is very closely related and phylogenetic studies suggest merging of the two genera. The genus Leucospis is found across the world in the tropical regions.
Lymeon is a genus of ichneumon wasps in the family Ichneumonidae. There are at least 80 described species in Lymeon.
Orasema is a genus of chalcid wasps in the family Eucharitidae. There are at least 50 described species in Orasema.
Haltichellinae is a subfamily of chalcidid wasps in the family Chalcididae.
Eucharitinae is a subfamily of chalcid wasps in the family Eucharitidae.
Dirhinus is a genus of parasitic wasps in the family Chalcididae. The genus has a worldwide distribution.
