Corybas papillosus

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Corybas papillosus
Corybas papillosus flower.jpg
Corybas papillosus collected from Fiordland National Park
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Orchidoideae
Tribe: Diurideae
Genus: Corybas
Species:
C. papillosus
Binomial name
Corybas papillosus
Synonyms [1]

Corybas papillosus is a species of terrestrial orchid endemic to the New Zealand. [1] It has a solitary rounded leaf with a heart-shaped base and a single flower with a long, slender green dorsal sepal, as well as a crimson and white labellum. [2]

Contents

Description

Corybas papillosus is a terrestrial, perennial herb with a solitary thin leaf, rounded with a sometimes heart-shaped base, born on a petiole. The petiole is white or pale pink. The leaf is light green with a very slightly grooved midrib sometimes marked with purple. The upper surface is papillate (covered in small rounded projections). The single flower is held on a short petiole and is accompanied by two slender floral bracts of unequal size; the smaller one faces the flower and is very reduced, while the larger one faces away. The dorsal sepal extends well past the labellum. It is very slender and ends in a sharp tip that is curved upwards. The dorsal sepal is pale green flecked with maroon. The lateral sepals are long and filiform (thread-like); they are pale pink or maroon near the base and fade to white towards the tips. The petals are similar but much longer. The petals are said to be more blunt-ended, compared to the lateral sepals, which end in sharp tips. The labellum forms a funnel-like structure that abruptly expands into flared circular main portion known as the lamina. Its very upper border is deep crimson and slightly undulated, while the rest is translucent white or pale pink. The lower border is spotted or flecked with red. Flowering occurs from October to December. The peduncles elongate greatly as the capsule ripens. [2]

C. papillosus closely resembles C. macranthus , [2] [3] and the two have been shown through genetic analyses to be sister species. [4] Because C. macranthus is quite variable, it can be difficult to differentiate the two. Most often, C. macranthus has a dark crimson or nearly black lamina, occasionally with a pale green throat, while C. papillosus is dark red in its upper portion and white or pale pink its main lower portion. William Colenso, who described C. papillosus, mentioned the papillate leaf as another key factor, but because C. macranthus is so variable, it is not clear whether this trait can be consistently used. C. macranthus may also have a wider range than C. papillosus. [2] [5]

Taxonomy

Corybas papillosus was first described by William Colenso in 1884 under the name Corysanthes papillosa. [1] The specific epithet (papillosa) is a Latin word that refers to the papillate leaves. [2]

In 2002, Brian Molloy, David Jones, and Mark Clements transferred the species into the genus Nematoceras under the name Nematoceraspapillosum. [1] [2] However, in a 2014 dissertation that analyzed DNA markers from Corybas species occurring from the Himalayas to New Zealand, Stephanie Lyon indicated that Nematoceras and other genera that Molloy, Jones, and Clements had segregated ought to be returned to Corybas . The World Checklist of Selected Plant Families and the New Zealand Department of Conservation recognized these changes, but Nematoceras papillosum and two other Nematoceras species remained unplaced because they had no combination under Corybas and thus had not been transferred. [5]

Finally, in 2016, Carlos Lehnebach transferred the species to Corybas under its current name, Corybas papillosus. [1] [2] [5] Lehnebach also examined the systematics of the Nematoceras clade using Bayesian analyses and found C. papillosus to be sister to C. macranthus, which it closely resembles. Lehnebach's results also indicated that C. papillosus and C. macranthus are more closely related to the C. trilobus aggregate than they are to C. rivularis . [4]

Distribution and habitat

Corybas papillosus is endemic to New Zealand's North Island and South Island. [1] [2] In the North Island, it is known from the Hawke's Bay region. It occurs in montane habitats up to 1000 meters above sea level in moist, shady sites under tall forest or rock overhangs. It tends to grow in calcium-rich substrates, such as mudstone or siltstone (known as papa rock), as well as limestone. [2]

Related Research Articles

<i>Corybas</i> (plant) Genus of orchids

Corybas, commonly known as helmet orchids, is a genus of about 120 species of plants in the orchid family, Orchidaceae. Helmet orchids are small, perennial, deciduous herbs and are nearly always terrestrial. They have a single leaf at their base and a single flower on a short stalk, the flower dominated by its large dorsal sepal and labellum. Species of Corybas are found in Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea, Southeast Asia, the Himalayas, southern China, many Pacific islands and a few sub-Antarctic islands.

Corybas dienemus, commonly known as the windswept helmet-orchid, is one of two helmet orchids endemic to Australia's subantarctic Macquarie Island, and the first orchid to be found there. It is a relatively small orchid with green flowers with purplish-red markings and was discovered in 1978.

<i>Corybas aconitiflorus</i> Species of orchid

Corybas aconitiflorus, commonly known as the cradle orchid or spurred helmet orchid, is a species of terrestrial orchid endemic to eastern Australia, occurring from south-east Queensland to Tasmania. The small flowers have a hooded appearance as the uppermost sepal hides most of the rest of the flower. It is the type species of the genus Corybas.

<i>Caladenia variegata</i> Species of orchid

Caladenia variegata is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to New Zealand. It has a single, sparsely hairy, long, thin leaf and one or two pink flowers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carlos Lehnebach</span> New Zealand botanist

Carlos Adolfo Lehnebach is a New Zealand botanist. He is employed as a botany curator at the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa. Lehnebach has a master's degree and a PhD from Massey University.

Corybas globulus is a species of helmet orchid endemic to a small area of the New England Tableland in northern New South Wales. It is a relatively small orchid with a bright green, heart-shaped leaf and a bulbous, dark reddish purple flower.

<i>Corybas acuminatus</i> Species of orchid

Corybas acuminatus, commonly known as the dancing spider orchid or helmet flower, is a species of terrestrial orchid endemic to New Zealand. It has a triangular, sharply pointed leaf and a small translucent, greenish-white flower with purple markings and with very long sepals. It is found on both the main islands of New Zealand and also some of the off-shore islands.

<i>Corybas cheesemanii</i> Species of orchid


Corybas cheesemanii, commonly known as Cheesemans spider orchid or spurred helmet orchid, is a species of terrestrial orchid endemic to New Zealand. It is a small orchid with a single pale green, heart-shaped leaf and usually only a single flower variously coloured from maroon to completely white. It usually grows in deep shade, often in deep leaf litter and flowers in autumn and winter.

<i>Corybas confusus</i> Species of orchid

Corybas confusus, commonly known as the spider orchid is a species of terrestrial orchid endemic to New Zealand. It has a single heart-shaped leaf and a single dark green or light green flower with reddish maroon streaks and blotches and long, thread-like lateral sepals and petals. It grows in highland areas on both main islands.

<i>Corybas fimbriatus</i> Species of orchid

Corybas fimbriatus, commonly known as the fringed helmet orchid, is a species of terrestrial orchid endemic to eastern Australia. It has a broad egg-shaped to round leaf and a dark reddish purple to crimson flower with translucent patches. It is similar to C. hispidus but its labellum lacks a creamy-white centre and is not covered with bristly hairs.

<i>Caladenia rosea</i> Species of orchid

Caladenia rosea, also known as pink primrose orchid, is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to relatively inaccessible, high lateritic plateaux in a high rainfall area in south-western Western Australia. It is a terrestrial orchid with a single hairy leaf and up to three pink flowers on a thin, sparsely-hairy stem. It is similar to Caladenia flava but is distinguished by the perianth being pink to dark pink with prominent red striping and spotting on the dorsal sepal and lateral petals. Caladenia rosea mimics Hypocalymma robustum (Myrtaceae) in terms of flowering time, colour and scent.

<i>Corybas vitreus</i> Species of plant

Corybas vitreus is a species of orchid endemic to New Zealand, and first described in 2016 by Carlos Adolfo Lehnebach.

<i>Corybas oblongus</i> Species of orchid

Corybas oblongus is a species of terrestrial orchid endemic to New Zealand. It has a solitary oval-shaped leaf, often patterned with maroon, and a reddish-purple and white flower with a fimbriate labellum.

<i>Corybas obscurus</i> Species of orchid

Corybas obscurus is a species of terrestrial orchid endemic to New Zealand. It has a solitary heart-shaped leaf and a deep crimson or nearly black flower and is part of the Corybas trilobus aggregate.

<i>Corybas trilobus</i> Species of orchid

Corybas trilobus is a species of terrestrial orchid endemic to New Zealand. It is part of the C. trilobus aggregate, whose members are characterized by a funnel or dish-shaped labellum and an often heart or kidney-shaped solitary leaf.

<i>Corybas sanctigeorgianus</i> Species of orchid

Corybas sanctigeorgianus is a species of terrestrial orchid endemic to the North Island of New Zealand. It is part of the C. trilobus aggregate, whose members are characterized by a funnel or dish-shaped labellum and an often heart or kidney-shaped solitary leaf.

<i>Corybas hatchii</i> Species of orchid

Corybas hatchii is a species of terrestrial orchid endemic to New Zealand. It has a solitary rounded leaf, often flecked with maroon, and a single pale green and maroon flower with long, threadlike lateral sepals and petals.

<i>Corybas hypogaeus</i> Species of orchid

Corybas hypogaeus is a species of terrestrial orchid endemic to the New Zealand. It is part of the C. trilobus aggregate, whose members are characterized by a funnel or dish-shaped labellum and an often heart or kidney-shaped solitary leaf.

<i>Corybas iridescens</i> Species of orchid

Corybas iridescens is a species of terrestrial orchid endemic to the New Zealand. It has a solitary fleshy oval-shaped leaf and a single deep crimson flower, sometimes accompanied with green, with a tapering dorsal sepal.

<i>Corybas papa</i> Species of orchid

Corybas papa is a species of terrestrial orchid endemic to the North Island of New Zealand. It has a solitary wedge-shaped leaf and single translucent green flower with a strongly deflexed labellum and slender, threadlike lateral sepals and petals.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Corybas papillosus". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Corybas papillosus". New Zealand Plant Conservation Network. Retrieved 2021-07-21.
  3. ↑ "Corybas papillosa". www.nativeorchids.co.nz. Retrieved 2021-07-21.
  4. 1 2 Lehnebach, Carlos A.; Zeller, Andreas J.; Frericks, Jonathan; Ritchie, Peter (2016-08-12). "Five new species of Corybas (Diurideae, Orchidaceae) endemic to New Zealand and phylogeny of the Nematoceras clade". Phytotaxa. 270 (1): 1. doi: 10.11646/phytotaxa.270.1.1 . ISSN   1179-3163. S2CID   89063404.
  5. 1 2 3 Lehnebach, Carlos (2016). "New combinations and a replacement name for three New Zealand spider orchids (Corybas)" (PDF). The New Zealand Native Orchid Journal. 139: 4–5.
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