Cradock (House of Assembly of South Africa constituency)

Last updated
Cradock
Former constituency
for the South African House of Assembly
Province Cape of Good Hope
Electorate10,364 (1989)
Former constituency
Created 1910
Abolished 1994
Number of members1
Last MHA  Tobie Meyer (NP)
Replaced by Eastern Cape

Cradock was a constituency in the Cape Province of South Africa, which existed from 1910 to 1994. It covered a rural area of the Eastern Cape centred on the town of Cradock (since renamed Nxuba). Throughout its existence it elected one member to the House of Assembly and one to the Cape Provincial Council.

Contents

Franchise notes

When the Union of South Africa was formed in 1910, the electoral qualifications in use in each pre-existing colony were kept in place. The Cape Colony had implemented a "colour-blind" franchise known as the Cape Qualified Franchise, which included all adult literate men owning more than £75 worth of property (controversially raised from £25 in 1892), and this initially remained in effect after the colony became the Cape Province. As of 1908, 22,784 out of 152,221 electors in the Cape Colony were "Native or Coloured". Eligibility to serve in Parliament and the Provincial Council, however, was restricted to whites from 1910 onward.

The first challenge to the Cape Qualified Franchise came with the Women's Enfranchisement Act, 1930 and the Franchise Laws Amendment Act, 1931, which extended the vote to women and removed property qualifications for the white population only – non-white voters remained subject to the earlier restrictions. In 1936, the Representation of Natives Act removed all black voters from the common electoral roll and introduced three "Native Representative Members", white MPs elected by the black voters of the province and meant to represent their interests in particular. A similar provision was made for Coloured voters with the Separate Representation of Voters Act, 1951, and although this law was challenged by the courts, it went into effect in time for the 1958 general election, which was thus held with all-white voter rolls for the first time in South African history. The all-white franchise would continue until the end of apartheid and the introduction of universal suffrage in 1994. [1]

History

Unlike most of the Eastern Cape, Cradock had a largely Afrikaans-speaking electorate, and tended to vote more like its neighbours to the north and west than the ones to its east. For much of its early history, the seat was closely contested between the South African and National parties, switching hands several times. In 1915, it was the first seat contested by a young D. F. Malan. Its longest-serving MP, Gerard François Hermanus Bekker, was elected in 1938 for the United Party, but switched to the Herenigde Nasionale Party on that party’s formation, and was re-elected as a Nationalist in every subsequent election until 1966. By then, Cradock was a safe seat for the National Party, who would hold it throughout the remainder of its existence, usually by large margins and sometimes unopposed. Its last MP, Tobie Meyer, served as a deputy minister under both F. W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela before retiring from politics in 1996.

Members

ElectionMemberParty
1910 Harry van Heerden SAP
1915
1920 I. P. van Heerden National
1921
1924 G. C. van Heerden SAP
1929 J. F. van G. Bekker National
1933
1934 GNP
1938 G. F. H. Bekker United
1940 HNP
1943
1948
1953 National
1958
1961
1966 G. de V. Morrison
1970
1977
1981
1987 Tobie Meyer
1989
1994 constituency abolished

[2]

Detailed results

Elections in the 1910s

General election 1910: Cradock
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
South African Harry van Heerden Unopposed
South African win (new seat)
General election 1915: Cradock
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
South African Harry van Heerden 1,488 55.5 N/A
National D. F. Malan 1,19544.5New
Majority 29311.0N/A
Turnout 2,68388.2N/A
South African hold Swing N/A

Elections in the 1920s

General election 1920: Cradock
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
National I. P. van Heerden 1,525 51.7 +7.2
South African Harry van Heerden 1,42748.3−7.2
Majority 983.4N/A
Turnout 2,95279.8−8.4
National gain from South African Swing +7.2
General election 1921: Cradock
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
National I. P. van Heerden 1,605 51.5 −0.2
South African A. C. A. van Rooy1,51248.5+0.2
Majority 933.0−0.4
Turnout 3,24677.3−1.5
National hold Swing -0.2
General election 1924: Cradock [2]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
South African G. C. van Heerden 1,819 50.6 +2.1
National I. P. van Heerden1,77349.4−2.1
Majority 461.2N/A
Turnout 3,59289.5+12.2
South African gain from National Swing +2.1
General election 1929: Cradock [2]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
National J. F. van G. Bekker 1,784 58.9 +9.5
South African P. J. J. Coetzee1,24441.4−9.5
Majority 54016.8N/A
Turnout 3,02886.1−3.4
National gain from South African Swing +9.5

Elections in the 1930s

General election 1933: Cradock [2]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
National J. F. van G. BekkerUnopposed
National hold
General election 1938: Cradock [2]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
United G. F. H. Bekker 2,933 53.3 New
Purified National J. F. van G. Bekker2,53646.1N/A
Independent P. J. J. Coetzee360.7New
Majority 3977.2N/A
Turnout 5,50585.9N/A
United gain from Purified National Swing +9.5

Elections in the 1940s

General election 1943: Cradock [2]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Reunited National G. F. H. Bekker 3,748 50.8 +4.7
United J. A. Cull3,62549.2−4.1
Majority 1231.6N/A
Turnout 7,37385.1−0.8
Reunited National hold Swing +4.4

(Note: as Bekker stood as the UP candidate in 1938 and as the HNP candidate in 1943, the seat is counted as a hold (same person) but Bekker's voteshare in 1943 is compared to that of his opponent in 1938)

General election 1948: Cradock [2]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Reunited National G. F. H. Bekker 5,038 58.6 +7.8
United J. A. Cull3,56041.4−7.8
Majority 1,47817.2+15.6
Turnout 8,59887.8+2.7
Reunited National hold Swing +7.8

References

  1. "EISA South Africa: Historical franchise arrangements". Eisa.org.za. Archived from the original on 9 May 2013. Retrieved 6 July 2012.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Schoeman, B.M. (1977). Parlementêre verkiesings in Suid-Afrika 1910-1976. Pretoria: Aktuele Publikasies.