East London City (House of Assembly of South Africa constituency)

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East London City
Oos-Londen-Stad
Former constituency
for the South African House of Assembly
SA-1981-EastLondonCity.png
Location of East London City within South Africa (1981)
Province Cape of Good Hope
Electorate16,198 (1989)
Former constituency
Created 1910
Abolished 1994
Number of members1
Last MHA  W. H. Nel (NP)
Replaced by Eastern Cape

East London City (Afrikaans: Oos-Londen-Stad; known simply as East London (Oos-Londen) prior to 1924) was a constituency in the Cape Province of South Africa, which existed from 1910 to 1994. The seat covered the urban area of its namesake city, a major port and the second-largest city in the Eastern Cape. Throughout its existence it elected one member to the House of Assembly and one to the Cape Provincial Council.

Contents

Franchise notes

When the Union of South Africa was formed in 1910, the electoral qualifications in use in each pre-existing colony were kept in place. The Cape Colony had implemented a "colour-blind" franchise known as the Cape Qualified Franchise, which included all adult literate men owning more than £75 worth of property (controversially raised from £25 in 1892), and this initially remained in effect after the colony became the Cape Province. As of 1908, 22,784 out of 152,221 electors in the Cape Colony were "Native or Coloured". Eligibility to serve in Parliament and the Provincial Council, however, was restricted to whites from 1910 onward.

The first challenge to the Cape Qualified Franchise came with the Women's Enfranchisement Act, 1930 and the Franchise Laws Amendment Act, 1931, which extended the vote to women and removed property qualifications for the white population only – non-white voters remained subject to the earlier restrictions. In 1936, the Representation of Natives Act removed all black voters from the common electoral roll and introduced three "Native Representative Members", white MPs elected by the black voters of the province and meant to represent their interests in particular. A similar provision was made for Coloured voters with the Separate Representation of Voters Act, 1951, and although this law was challenged by the courts, it went into effect in time for the 1958 general election, which was thus held with all-white voter rolls for the first time in South African history. The all-white franchise would continue until the end of apartheid and the introduction of universal suffrage in 1994. [1]

History

East London, like much of the Eastern Cape, was a stronghold of the pro-British side of South African politics and had a largely English-speaking electorate. Its first MP, Sir Charles Preston Crewe, had previously represented Aliwal North in the Cape Parliament as a Progressive, and sat for East London as a member of that party’s successor, the Unionist Party. He held the seat in 1915, despite a growing Labour vote, but the by-election caused by his resignation in 1919 was won by Labour candidate James Stewart. Stewart held the seat in 1920, the best election in the Labour Party’s history, but lost it to the South African Party (which by then had merged with the Unionists) in 1921. Stewart returned in a 1921 by-election, and fellow Labour member Andrew Latimer won the seat in 1943 against no major-party opposition, but with those exceptions, the seat now became safe for the SAP and its successor the United Party. The UP would hold the seat without interruption from 1948 until 1977, when it was captured by Gert Myburgh of the governing National Party. Myburgh stood down at the 1981 election, but East London remained an NP seat for the remainder of its existence.

Members

ElectionMemberParty
1910 C. P. Crewe Unionist
1915
1919 byJames Stewart Labour
1920
1921 C. J. Lownds South African
1921 byJames Stewart Labour
1924 W. W. Rider South African
1929 J. A. Bowie
1933
1934 United
1938
1943 Andrew Latimer Labour
1948 D. L. Smit United
1953
1958
1961
1961 byJ. H. Moolman
1966
1970
1974 H. G. H. Bell
1977 Gert Myburgh National
1981 P. de Pontes
1987
1989 W. H. Nel
1994 constituency abolished

[2] [3] [4] [5] [6]

Detailed results

Elections in the 1910s

General election 1910: East London
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Unionist C. P. Crewe 1,331 67.1 New
Independent J. A. Goldsmith65132.9New
Majority 68034.2N/A
Unionist win (new seat)
General election 1915: East London
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Unionist C. P. Crewe 1,478 47.3 −19.8
Labour James Stewart1,21438.8New
Independent F. L. Gregg43513.9New
Majority 2648.5N/A
Turnout 3,12764.8N/A
Unionist hold Swing N/A
East London by-election, 19 February 1919 [2]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour James Stewart 1,221 50.4 +11.6
South African C. J. Lownds1,20349.6New
Majority 180.8N/A
Turnout 2,42455.3−11.5
Labour gain from Unionist Swing N/A

Elections in the 1920s

General election 1920: East London
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour James Stewart 1,368 50.6 +11.8
Unionist C. J. Lownds1,33849.4+2.1
Majority 301.2N/A
Turnout 2,70668.3+3.5
Labour gain from Unionist Swing +7.0
General election 1921: East London
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
South African C. J. Lownds 1,493 50.7 +1.3
Labour James Stewart1,45449.3−1.3
Majority 391.4N/A
Turnout 2,94770.2+1.9
South African gain from Labour Swing +1.3
East London by-election, 19 April 1921 [2]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour James Stewart 1,506 51.1 +1.8
South African C. J. Lownds1,44348.9−1.8
Majority 632.2N/A
Turnout 2,94970.2+−0
Labour gain from South African Swing +1.8
General election 1924: East London City [2]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
South African W. W. Rider 1,545 51.5 +0.8
Labour James Stewart1,45148.5−0.8
Majority 943.0+1.6
Turnout 2,99685.7+15.5
South African hold Swing -0.8
General election 1929: East London City [2]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
South African J. A. Bowie 1,785 54.7 +3.2
Labour James Stewart1,47645.3+3.2
Majority 3099.4+6.4
Turnout 3,26179.7−6.0
South African hold Swing +3.2

Elections in the 1930s

General election 1933: East London City [2]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
South African J. A. Bowie 3,141 52.6 −2.1
Independent James Stewart2,82847.4New
Majority 3135.2N/A
Turnout 5,96970.9−8.8
South African hold Swing N/A
General election 1938: East London City [2]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
United J. A. Bowie 2,558 38.1 −14.5
Dominion F. E. Dalby2,38135.5New
Labour P. F. Webb1,76726.4New
Majority 1772.6N/A
Turnout 6,70679.0+8.1
United hold Swing N/A

Elections in the 1940s

General election 1943: East London City [2]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Andrew Latimer 4,696 68.5 +42.1
Independent C. L. Logan1,34519.6New
Independent N. J. Smith81011.8New
Majority 3,35148.9N/A
Turnout 6,85167.6−11.4
Labour gain from United Swing N/A
General election 1948: East London City [2]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
United D. L. Smit 6,173 75.0 New
Central GroupL. B. Klopper1,83022.2New
SA PartyM. C. O'Dell2252.8New
Majority 4,34352.8N/A
Turnout 8,22876.5+8.9
United gain from Labour Swing N/A

References

  1. "EISA South Africa: Historical franchise arrangements". Eisa.org.za. Archived from the original on 9 May 2013. Retrieved 6 July 2012.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Schoeman, B.M. (1977). Parlementêre verkiesings in Suid-Afrika 1910-1976. Pretoria: Aktuele Publikasies.
  3. South Africa 1980/81: Official Yearbook of the Republic of South Africa. Johannesburg: Chris van Rensburg Publications.
  4. South Africa 1983: Official Yearbook of the Republic of South Africa. Johannesburg: Chris van Rensburg Publications.
  5. Government Gazette of South Africa, No. 10751. 22 May 1987. Pretoria: Government of South Africa.
  6. Government Gazette of South Africa, No. 12109. 20 September 1989. Pretoria: Government of South Africa.