| Croaking ground dove | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Columbiformes |
| Family: | Columbidae |
| Genus: | Columbina |
| Species: | C. cruziana |
| Binomial name | |
| Columbina cruziana (Prévost, 1842) | |
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| Synonyms | |
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The croaking ground dove (Columbina cruziana) is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. [2] [3]
The croaking ground dove and Picui ground dove (Columbina picui) are sometimes considered sister species. [4] The croaking ground dove is monotypic. [2]
The croaking ground dove is 15 cm (5.9 in) long. Males weigh about 52 g (1.8 oz) and females 46 g (1.6 oz). The adult male's head is bluish gray and its upperparts brownish gray. The central tail feathers are darker gray and the outer ones black with white tips. The closed wing shows a dark bar and lines of dark spots. The breast and underparts are mauve pink. The eye is red with a white outer ring and is surrounded by bare yellow skin. Its fairly long bill is bright yellow near its base. The adult female's head is brown and the wing markings are less intense than the male's. Juveniles are similar to the female but their feathers have buffy tips. [3]
The croaking ground dove is found near the Pacific coast from Nariño Department in extreme southwestern Colombia through Ecuador and Peru to Chile's Tarapacá Region. Its range in Peru also includes the more inland Marañón Valley. It inhabits arid and semi-arid landscapes with scrub and riparian thickets, and is often found in farmland, gardens, and parks. Though it is mostly a bird of the lowlands, it can be found as high as 2,400 m (7,900 ft) in some areas. [3]
The croaking ground dove forages on the ground for seeds but no details have been published. [3]
The croaking ground dove has bred in every month but September and October in the human-inhabited areas of southwestern Ecuador, but might be shorter away from human settlement. The species usually nests in bushes or trees and has also been recorded to nest on the ground and on building ledges, earthen banks, and low cliffs. The clutch size can be one to three but is usually two. [3]
The croaking ground dove's song is unlike that of any other dove, "a burry low-pitched overslurred rrRwl. It also produces some soft grunts and growls. [3]
The IUCN has assessed the croaking ground dove as being of Least Concern. [1] It appears to be common and increasing throughout its range, in part because it "[a]dapts successfully to anthropogenic habitats". [3]
The grey-fronted dove, is a large New World tropical dove. It is found on Trinidad and in every mainland South American country except Chile.
The ruddy ground dove is a small New World tropical dove. It is a resident breeder from Mexico south to Peru, Brazil and Paraguay, and northern Argentina, and on Trinidad and Tobago. Individual birds can sometimes be seen in the southwestern USA, from southern Texas to southernmost California, primarily during winter.
The rufous-headed chachalaca is a species of bird in the family Cracidae, the chachalacas, guans, and curassows. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
The rufescent screech owl is a species of owl in the family Strigidae. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
The maroon-chested ground dove is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela.
The Ecuadorian ground dove is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in Ecuador and Peru.
The blue-eyed ground dove is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to the Cerrado region of Brazil.
The Picui ground dove or Picui dove is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay.
The white-throated quail-dove is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
The lined quail-dove is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in Colombia, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela.
The sapphire quail-dove is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
The olive-backed quail-dove is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Nicaragua, and Panama.
The grey-chested dove is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Panama.
The pallid dove is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
The bare-faced ground dove is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Peru.
The black-winged ground dove is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
The fasciated wren is a species of bird in the family Troglodytidae. It is found in Ecuador and Peru.
The elegant crescentchest is a species of bird in the family Melanopareiidae. It is found in Ecuador and Peru.
The blackish tapaculo is a species of bird in the family Rhinocryptidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
The trilling tapaculo is a species of bird in the family Rhinocryptidae. It is found in Bolivia and Peru.
