Cryptocarya triplinervis

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Three-veined laurel
Cryptocarya triplinervis Blackbutt Lagoon Road Lord Howe Island 11June2011.jpg
Fruit and leaves, Lord Howe Island
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Magnoliids
Order: Laurales
Family: Lauraceae
Genus: Cryptocarya
Species:
C. triplinervis
Binomial name
Cryptocarya triplinervis
Synonyms [2]
  • Caryodaphne browniana Nees nom. illeg., nom. superfl.
  • Caryodaphne browniana var. ferrugineaMeisn.
  • Cryptocarya triplinerviaSpreng. orth. var.
  • Cryptocarya triplinervis var. euryphyllaDomin
  • Tetranthera sp.

Cryptocarya triplinervis, commonly known as blackbutt, three-veined cryptocarya, brown laurel or three-veined laurel, [3] is a species of flowering plant in the family Lauraceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a tree with egg-shaped to elliptic or lance-shaped leaves, cream-coloured to pale green flowers, and elliptic black drupes.

Contents

Description

Cryptocarya triplinervis is a small to medium-sized tree that typically grows to a height of up to 20 m (66 ft), with a dbh of up to 60 cm (24 in), its trunk sometimes buttressed. The bark is grey brown, mostly smooth with lines of vertical bumps running up the trunk. Its leaves are arranged alternately, egg-shaped to elliptic or lance-shaped, 45–135 mm (1.8–5.3 in) long, 15–5 mm (0.59–0.20 in) wide on a petiole 3–13 mm (0.12–0.51 in) long with a prominent tip. The leaves are dark glossy green above, paler and hairy below, three veined with an easily seen mid vein, which is depressed on the upper side and raised on the lower side of the leaf. [3] [4] [5]

The flowers are arranged in panicles as long as, or longer than the leaves. The flowers are cream-coloured to pale green and tube-shaped, the tube 1.2–2.87 mm (0.047–0.113 in) long and 0.9–1.2 mm (0.035–0.047 in) wide. The tepals are 1.4–2.2 mm (0.055–0.087 in) long and 0.7–1.8 mm (0.028–0.071 in) wide, the outer anthers are 0.5–0.8 mm (0.020–0.031 in) long and 0.4–0.7 mm (0.016–0.028 in) wide, the inner anthers 0.5–0.8 mm (0.020–0.031 in) long and 0.3–0.5 mm (0.012–0.020 in) wide. Flowering occurs from September to December and the fruit is a black drupe, 8–14 mm (0.31–0.55 in) long and 6.5–12 mm (0.26–0.47 in) wide and that ripens from February to May. [3] [4] [5]

Taxonomy

Cryptocarya triplinervis was first formally described in 1810 by botanist Robert Brown in his Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen . [6] [7] The specific epithet (triplinervis) refers to the three prominent veins on the leaves. [3]

In 1989, Bernard Hyland described two varieties of C. triplinervis in Australian Systematic Botany , and the names, and that of the autonym are accepted by the Australian Plant Census:

Distribution and habitat

The variety pubens occurs in warmer and drier rainforest, sometimes along creeks and rivers, from the Atherton Tableland in north Queensland to Coffs Harbour in northern New South Wales, at altitudes from sea level to 750 m (2,460 ft). [9] [10] [16] Var. riparia is endemic to Queensland, where it is found between the Iron Range and Cardwell, occurring in gallery forests along creeks and rivers, from sea level to 400 m (1,300 ft). [12] [13] and var. triplinervis is found between Townsville in central Queensland and Smoky Cape in northern New South Wales, and on Lord Howe Island, growing in rainforest, southern beech forest, and littoral rainforest, from sea level to an altitude of 100 m (330 ft). [13] [17]

Ecology

Cryptocarya triplinervis var. riparia is food plant for the larval stages of Graphium sarpedon , the blue triangle butterfly. [12]

Use in horticulture

Like most Australian species of Cryptocarya , removal of the aril is advised to assist seed germination. Around 80% of the seeds will germinate, taking between three and six months. Plants generally take around 5 years to fruit in Brisbane. [5]

Related Research Articles

<i>Cryptocarya erythroxylon</i> Species of tree

Cryptocarya erythroxylon commonly known as rose maple, rose walnut, pigeonberry ash, red-wooded cryptocarya, southern maple or bottleberry, is a species of flowering plant in the laurel family and is endemic to eastern Australia. Its leaves are elliptic to lance-shaped the flowers cream-coloured and tube-shaped, and the fruit a pear-shaped black drupe.

<i>Cryptocarya williwilliana</i> Species of tree

Cryptocarya williwilliana, commonly known as small-leaved laurel, is a species of flowering plant in the laurel family and is endemic to near Kempsey in northern New South Wales. It is a tree or shrub with egg-shaped or lance-shaped leaves, the flowers creamy-green and perfumed, and the fruit a spherical to elliptic, black drupe.

<i>Cryptocarya microneura</i> Species of tree

Cryptocarya microneura, commonly known as murrogun, murrogun laurel or brown jack, is a species of flowering plant in the laurel family and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a rainforest tree with lance-shaped to elliptic leaves, the flowers cream-coloured and tube-shaped but not perfumed, and the fruit a spherical to elliptic black drupe.

<i>Cryptocarya bidwillii</i> Species of tree

Cryptocarya bidwillii, commonly known as yellow laurel, is a species of flowering plant in the laurel family and is endemic to eastern Australia. Its leaves are lance-shaped to elliptic, the flowers creamy-white and tube-shaped, and the fruit an elliptic black drupe.

<i>Cryptocarya nova-anglica</i> Species of tree

Cryptocarya nova-anglica, commonly known as mountain laurel, is a species of flowering plant in the family Lauraceae and is endemic to New South Wales. It is a tree with lance-shaped leaves, creamy green flowers, and elliptic to spherical to pear-shaped black drupes.

<i>Cryptocarya onoprienkoana</i> Species of tree

Cryptocarya onoprienkoana, commonly known as rose maple, southern maple, rose walnut or pigeonberry ash is a species of flowering plant in the family Lauraceae and is endemic to Queensland. It is a tree with lance-shaped to elliptic leaves, creamy-green, perfumed flowers, and elliptical black to bluish-black drupes.

<i>Cryptocarya vulgaris</i> Species of flowering plant

Cryptocarya vulgaris commonly known as northern laurel, is a species of flowering plant in the family Lauraceae and is endemic to north Queensland. It is a tree with elliptic to oblong or lance-shaped leaves, creamy yellow and pale green, perfumed flowers, and spherical black drupes.

<i>Cryptocarya mackinnoniana</i> Species of flowering plant

Cryptocarya mackinnoniana commonly known as Mackinnons laurel, Mackinnons walnut, rusty laurel, rusty leaved laurel, rusty leaved walnut or koonjoongaroo, is a species of flowering plant in the family Lauraceae and is endemic to north Queensland. It is a tree with oblong to narrowly elliptic to oval leaves, creamy green and pale brown, unpleasantly perfumed flowers, and elliptic black drupes.

<i>Cryptocarya angulata</i> Species of tree

Cryptocarya angulata, commonly known as ivory laurel, ivory walnut, bull's breath or acidwood, is a tree in the laurel family and is endemic to north Queensland, Australia. Its leaves are lance-shaped to elliptic or egg-shaped, the flowers tube-shaped and creamy-green and the fruit a bluish or black drupe.

<i>Cryptocarya bamagana</i> Species of tree

Cryptocarya bamagana, commonly known as Bamaga walnut, is a tree in the laurel family and is endemic to Cape York Peninsula. Its leaves are lance-shaped to elliptic or egg-shaped, the flowers cream-coloured and tube-shaped, and the fruit a spherical black drupe.

<i>Cryptocarya brassii</i> Species of tree

Cryptocarya brassii is a species of flowering plant in the laurel family and is native to far north Queensland and Papua New Guinea. Its leaves are elliptic to oblong or lance-shaped, the flowers cream-coloured and tube-shaped, and the fruit an elliptic black to bluish-black drupe.

<i>Cryptocarya claudiana</i> Species of tree

Cryptocarya claudiana, commonly known as Claudie laurel, is a tree in the laurel family and is endemic to Cape York Peninsula in Queensland. Its leaves are oblong to elliptic, the flowers creamy-green, perfumed and tube-shaped, and the fruit an elliptic or spherical black drupe.

<i>Cryptocarya cocosoides</i> Species of tree

Cryptocarya cocosoides, commonly known as coconut laurel, is a tree in the laurel family and is endemic to north Queensland. Its leaves are lance-shaped to elliptic, the flowers creamy-green, perfumed and tube-shaped, and the fruit a spherical black to purple drupe.

<i>Cryptocarya endiandrifolia</i> Species of plant in the family Lauraceae

Cryptocarya endiandrifolia, commonly known as narrow-leaved walnut, is a species of flowering plant in the family Lauraceae family and is native to Cape York Peninsula and New Guinea. Its leaves are elliptic to oblong or lance-shaped, the flowers cream-coloured or pale green and unpleasantly perfumed, and the fruit is a spherical to elliptic black drupe.

<i>Cryptocarya macdonaldii</i> Species of tree

Cryptocarya macdonaldii, commonly known as McDonald's laurel, McDonald's cryptocarya or Cooloola laurel, is a species of flowering plant in the family Lauraceae and is endemic to Central Queensland. It is a tree with elliptic to egg-shaped to oblong leaves, cream-coloured, unpleasantly perfumed flowers, and elliptical black drupes.

<i>Cryptocarya melanocarpa</i> Species of flowering plant

Cryptocarya melanocarpa is a species of flowering plant in the family Lauraceae and is endemic to north Queensland. It is a tree with elliptic to oblong to lance-shaped leaves, creamy green, unpleasantly perfumed flowers, and spherical black drupes.

<i>Cryptocarya putida</i> Species of tree

Cryptocarya putida is a species of flowering plant in the family Lauraceae and is endemic to Queensland. It is a tree with oblong to elliptic or narrowly egg-shaped leaves, brownish, creamy green, unpleasantly perfumed flowers, and oval, black to purplish drupes.

<i>Cryptocarya rhodosperma</i> Species of tree

Cryptocarya rhodosperma is a species of flowering plant in the family Lauraceae and is endemic to Queensland. It is a tree with lance-shaped to elliptic leaves, greenish, perfumed flowers, and elliptic, black drupes.

<i>Cryptocarya sclerophylla</i> Species of tree

Cryptocarya sclerophylla, commonly known as totempole, is a species of flowering plant in the family Lauraceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a tree or shrub with elliptic leaves, creamy green, perfumed flowers, and spherical or elliptic black drupes.

Cryptocarya whiffiniana is a species of flowering plant in the family Lauraceae and is endemic to north Queensland. It is a tree with oblong, lance-shaped or narrowly elliptic leaves, creamy green flowers, and elliptic glaucous or black drupes.

References

  1. ↑ IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group & Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI). (2019). "Cryptocarya triplinervis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T158690931A158690933. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T158690931A158690933.en . Retrieved 6 June 2021.
  2. 1 2 "Cryptocarya triplinervis". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 21 October 2024.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Le Cussan, J.; Hyland, Bernard P.M. "Cryptocarya triplinervis". Flora of Australia. Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water: Canberra. Retrieved 20 October 2024.
  4. 1 2 Harden, Gwen J. "Cryptocarya triplinervis". Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney. Retrieved 21 October 2024.
  5. 1 2 3 Floyd, A.G. (1989). Rainforest Trees of Mainland South-eastern Australia. Inkata Press. p. 183. ISBN   0-909605-57-2.
  6. ↑ "Cryptocarya triplinervis". Australian Plant Name Index. Retrieved 20 October 2024.
  7. ↑ Brown, Robert (1810). Prodromus florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van-Diemen. London: R. Taylor et socii. p. 402. Retrieved 21 October 2024.
  8. ↑ "Cryptocarya triplinervis var. pubens". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 21 October 2024.
  9. 1 2 F.A.Zich; B.P.M.Hyland; T.Whiffen; R.A.Kerrigan (2020). "Cryptocarya triplinervis var. pubens". Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants Edition 8 (RFK8). Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), Australian Government . Retrieved 6 June 2021.
  10. 1 2 Le Cussan, J.; Hyland, Bernard P.M. "Cryptocarya triplinervis var. pubens". Flora of Australia. Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water: Canberra. Retrieved 21 October 2024.
  11. ↑ "Cryptocarya triplinervis var. riparia". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 21 October 2024.
  12. 1 2 3 F.A.Zich; B.P.M.Hyland; T.Whiffen; R.A.Kerrigan (2020). "Cryptocarya triplinervis var. riparia". Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants Edition 8 (RFK8). Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), Australian Government . Retrieved 6 June 2021.
  13. 1 2 3 Le Cussan, J.; Hyland, Bernard P.M. "Cryptocarya triplinervis var. riparia". Flora of Australia. Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water: Canberra. Retrieved 21 October 2024.
  14. ↑ "Cryptocarya triplinervis var. triplinervis". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 21 October 2024.
  15. ↑ Le Cussan, J.; Hyland, Bernard P.M. "Cryptocarya triplinervis var. triplinervis". Flora of Australia. Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water: Canberra. Retrieved 21 October 2024.
  16. ↑ Harden, Gwen J. "Cryptocarya triplinervis var. pubens". Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney. Retrieved 21 October 2024.
  17. ↑ Harden, Gwen J. "Cryptocarya triplinervis var. triplinervis". Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney. Retrieved 21 October 2024.

"Cryptocarya triplinervis R.Br". Atlas of Living Australia.

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