Kretania hesperica, the Spanish zephyr blue, is a species of butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is endemic to Spain. Its natural habitats are temperate shrubland and temperate grassland. It is threatened by habitat loss. Seitz describes it thus - hesperica Rbr. is above sky-blue instead of violet-blue; from Spain.
The Alpine zephyr blue is a species of butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Italy and Switzerland. Its natural habitats are temperate forests and temperate grassland. It is threatened by habitat loss.
The Raetzer's ringlet is a species of butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Italy and Switzerland. Its natural habitat is temperate grassland. It is one of the rarest European butterflies, having not more than six or seven populations.
Erebia epistygne, the spring ringlet, is a species of butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in France and Spain. Its natural habitat is temperate grassland.
The Sudeten ringlet is a species of butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Czech Republic, Poland, Romania, France, and Switzerland. Its natural habitat is temperate grassland. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Hipparchia azorina, the Azores grayling, is a species of butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is endemic to the Azores. Its natural habitats are temperate forests and temperate grassland. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Hipparchia maderensis, the Madeiran grayling, is a species of butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is endemic to Madeira. Its natural habitat is temperate forests. Seitz treats it as a race of Hipparchia semele - in maderensis Baker, from Madeira the upperside in both sexes is strongly obscured and in the male almost without any markings.
Pseudochazara euxina is a species of butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is endemic to Crimea. Its natural habitats are temperate forests and temperate grassland. It is threatened by habitat loss.
The de Prunner's ringlet is a member of the subfamily Satyrinae of the family Nymphalidae.
Melanargia lachesis, the Iberian marbled white, is a butterfly species belonging to the family Nymphalidae.
Vanessa vulcania, the Canary red admiral, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found on the Canary Islands and Madeira. Previously, it was considered a subspecies of Vanessa indica, but has been raised to species level after research by Leestmans in 1992.
Melitaea parthenoides, the meadow fritillary, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. Note that the common name meadow fritillary is also used for the North American species Boloria bellona.
Satyrus actaea, the black satyr, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found in South-Western Europe, Asia Minor, Syria, Iran and Baluchistan.
Pseudochazara atlantis is a species of butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is endemic to Morocco. It flies in barren rocky slopes. The male is found only on large tabular spaces and bare mountain peaks, while the female wanders on the slopes, both for foraging the flowers of Compositae or thyme and to lay her eggs.
Hipparchia neapolitana, the Italian grayling, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is an endemic species found only in the Campania region of Italy. neapolitana
Hipparchia sbordonii, the Ponza grayling, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is an endemic species found only on the Pontine Islands of Italy.
Melanargia arge, the Italian marbled white, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. M. arge Sulz.. Above white, only the submarginal lunate line, the two short bands in the centre and at the apex of the cell, and the beautifully blue-centred ocelli being dark — ab. caeca Stgr. is without ocelli; rare among the preceding. It is an endemic species found only in the southern half of Italy and the eastern half of the Italian island of Sicily. It flies in May and June in a single generation in rocky places with abundant flowers. The caterpillar feeds on grasses.
Pseudophilotes panoptes, the Panoptes blue, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It is found on the Iberian Peninsula and in North Africa, including Morocco.
Triphysa phryne is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found from southern Ukraine to the Altai. The habitat consists of steppe and semi-deserts.
Pseudochazara orestes, the Dils' grayling, is a species of butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is confined to Phalakron massif, Menikion mountains, Mount Orvilos – Greece; South Pirin mountains, precisely on the southern slopes of the Gradishte Hill in south-western Bulgaria.
