| Dascyllus | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Dascyllus aruanus | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Blenniiformes |
| Family: | Pomacentridae |
| Subfamily: | Chrominae |
| Genus: | Dascyllus G. Cuvier, 1829 |
| Type species | |
| Chaetodon aruanus | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Dascyllus is a genus of fish in the family Pomacentridae. They are usually commensals with corals. [2] [1] [3]
Species of the genus Dascyllus are found in the Indo-West Pacific, and are primarily planktivorous. [4]
Three species complexes have been proposed: the D. aruanus complex ( D. aruanus , D. abudafur , D. melanurus ), [5] [4] the D. trimaculatus complex ( D. trimaculatus , D. albisella , D. auripinnis , D. strasburgi ), and the D. reticulatus complex ( D. reticulatus , D. carneus , D. marginatus , D. flavicaudus ). However, only the D. aruanus complex and the D. trimaculatus complex are monophyletic. [6] [4] The species of the D. aruanus complex are the most basal in the genus Dascyllus. [4]
The species of the D. trimaculatus complex are the largest in size, growing up to 90–110 mm (SL). All other species are smaller, reaching 50–65 mm (SL), with the exception of D. flavicaudus, which reaches 90 mm (SL). [4]
The D. trimaculatus complex is strongly associated with sea anemones as juveniles. [6] [7] [8] Some and potentially all species in the D. trimaculatus group are gonochoristic, but all other species are protogynous (ie, females can change sex and become males as they grow older or larger). It is likely that protogyny arose once in the common ancestor of the genus Dascyllus, which was then lost in the ancestor of the D. trimaculatus complex. All Dascyllus species are demersal spawners, and in all species, the female lays her eggs in nests prepared by a male, and the eggs are tended by the male until hatching. [4]
Currently, 11 recognized species are placed in this genus:
| Species | Common name | Image |
|---|---|---|
| Dascyllus abudafur | Indian Ocean humbug |  |
| Dascyllus albisella T. N. Gill, 1862 | Hawaiian dascyllus |  |
| Dascyllus aruanus | Whitetail dascyllus |  |
| Dascyllus auripinnis J. E. Randall & H. A. Randall, 2001 [10] | Golden domino dascyllus |  |
| Dascyllus carneus J. G. Fischer, 1885 | Cloudy dascyllus |  |
| Dascyllus flavicaudus H. A. Randall & G. R. Allen, 1977 [1] | Yellowtail dascyllus |  |
| Dascyllus marginatus (Rüppell, 1829) | Marginate dascyllus |  |
| Dascyllus melanurus Bleeker, 1854 | Blacktail humbug |  |
| Dascyllus reticulatus (J. Richardon, 1846) | Reticulate dascyllus |  |
| Dascyllus strasburgi Klausewitz, 1960 [11] | Strasburg's dascyllus |  |
| Dascyllus trimaculatus (Rüppell, 1829) | Threespot dascyllus |  |
Deb, a character in the animated film Finding Nemo , is a damselfish of genus Dascyllus. [12]
Pomacentridae is a family of ray-finned fish, comprising the damselfishes and clownfishes. This family were formerly placed in the order Perciformes but are now regarded as being incertae sedis in the subseries Ovalentaria in the clade Percomorpha. They are primarily marine, while a few species inhabit freshwater and brackish environments. They are noted for their hardy constitutions and territoriality. Many are brightly colored, so they are popular in aquaria.
The Garibaldi, known historically also as the Catalina goldfish and marine goldfish and now commonly as the Garibaldi damselfish is a species of bright orange fish in the damselfish family. It occurs in the subtropical northeastern part of the Pacific Ocean. The Garibaldi is the official marine state fish of California, as of 1955, and has since been protected in California coastal waters from recreation and commercial fishing.
Damselfish are those within the subfamilies Abudefdufinae, Chrominae, Lepidozyginae, Pomacentrinae, and Stegastinae within the family Pomacentridae. Most species within this group are relatively small, with the largest species being about 30cm in length. Most damselfish species exist only in marine environments, but a few inhabit brackish or fresh water. These fish are found globally in tropical, subtropical, and temperate waters.
Heteractis magnifica, also known by the common names magnificent sea anemone or Ritteri anemone, is a species of sea anemone belonging to the Stichodactylidae family native to the Indo-Pacific area.
Abudefduf, also known as the sergeant-majors, is a genus of fish in the family Pomacentridae.
Chromis is a genus of fish in the family Pomacentridae. While the term damselfish describes a group of marine fish including more than one genus, Chromis is the largest genus of damselfishes. Certain species within the genus are common in the aquarium trade.
Stegastes nigricans, the dusky farmerfish, is a species of damselfish found around coral reefs at a depth of one to 12 meters, in tropical climates between 30°S and 30°N. They are known for farming monocultures of algae such as cyanophores and rhodophytes.
Dascyllus aruanus, known commonly as the whitetail dascyllus or humbug damselfish among other vernacular names, is a species of marine fish in the family Pomacentridae.
The threespot dascyllus, also known as the domino damsel or simply domino, is a species of damselfish from the family Pomacentridae. It is native to the Indo-Pacific from the Red Sea and East Africa, to the Pitcairn Islands, southern Japan, and Australia, and can also be found in some parts of the Philippines.
Giacomo Bernardi is a Professor of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at University of California Santa Cruz. He earned his B.A., M.S., and Ph.D. at the University of Paris and did post-doctoral work from 1991 to 1994 at Hopkins Marine Station at Stanford University.
The nosestripe clownfish or nosestripe anemonefish, skunk clownfish, Amphiprion akallopisos, is an anemonefish that lives in association with sea anemones. A. akallopisos is found in the Indian Ocean. It resides in shallow inshore reefs as deep as 15 m with a moderate to strong current. The skunk clownfish can also be kept in captivity by aquarists.
Stichodactyla mertensii, commonly known as Mertens' carpet sea anemone, is a species of sea anemones in the family Stichodactylidae. It is regarded as the largest sea anemone with a diameter of over 1 m (3.3 ft), the next largest being Heteractis magnifica, which has longer tentacles. This species has an oral disc that can be described as more ovoid than circular that contours to the surrounding substrate and is attached to the substrate by adhesive verrucae, which are wart-like projections. Its blunt or pointed tentacles are uniformly shaped, and are only about 1–2 centimetres (0.39–0.79 in) long. It contains obligate symbiotic zooxanthellae, and is a host to around half the species of anemonefish and one damselfish, Dascyllus trimaculatus.
Dascyllus melanurus, known commonly as the four stripe damselfish, blacktail dascyllus, humbug damselfish, blacktail damselfish, and blacktail humbug, is a species of fish in the family Pomacentridae. It is native to the western Pacific Ocean. It is sometimes kept as an aquarium pet.
Dascyllus reticulatus, known commonly as the reticulate dascyllus or two-stripe damselfish among other vernacular names, is a species of marine fish in the family Pomacentridae.
The spiny chromis is a species of damselfish from the western Pacific. It is the only member of the genus Acanthochromis.
Dascyllus marginatus is a damselfish endemic to the Western Indian Ocean. It is a site attached fish that lives in corals, usually Stylophora pistillata and species of Acropora. In these corals it hides at a moment of danger and sleeps at night. It feeds on zooplankton that drifts with the current, and grows to a size of 6 cm in length. Dascyllus marginatus lives in groups of 2-25 individuals, and while foraging for food around their home coral, group members keep separated and stable foraging spaces.
Dascyllus flavicaudus, common name yellowtail dascyllus, is a Damselfish belonging to the family Pomacentridae.
Cryptodendrum is a genus of sea anemones in the family Thalassianthidae. It is monotypic with a single species, Cryptodendrum adhaesivum, also commonly known as the adhesive anemone, pizza anemone, and nap-edged anemone. Like all symbiotic anemones it hosts zooxanthellae, symbiotic algae that help feed their host.
Dascyllus abudafur, the Indian Ocean humbug, is a species of ray-finned fish from the family Pomacentridae, the clownfishes and damselfishes.
Plectroglyphidodon dickii, common name blackbar devil, Dick's damsel or narrowbar damselfish, is a species of damselfish in the family Pomacentridae. This species was formerly classified as Dascyllus aruanus, but recently the populations of western Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean have been split off.
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