David Christopher Evans (born 1980) [1] is a Canadian palaeontologist and evolutionary biologist who specializes in the evolution and paleobiology of Cretaceous dinosaurs in western North America. He received his B.Sc. from the University of British Columbia and his Ph.D. from the University of Toronto. [2] He is a fellow of the Royal Canadian Geographical Society (RCGS) and a member of the Royal Society of Canada (The College of New Scholars, Artists and Scientists) [3] [4] and currently serves as the Senior Curator and Temerty Chair of Vertebrate Paleontology at the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto, Canada. He is also a faculty member in the Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology at the University of Toronto. Evans is particularly renowned for his work on the paleobiology of hadrosaur ("duck-billed") dinosaurs and has conducted international research on a wide variety of paleontological topics.
David Evans was born in Ontario and raised in Kelowna, British Columbia. [2] He received his B.Sc. from the Integrated Sciences Program of the University of British Columbia in 2003, where he completed an undergraduate thesis on skull growth and variation in the hadrosaur Corythosaurus . Over the course of his undergraduate degree, Evans worked as a field technician at the Royal Tyrell Museum of Palaeontology in Drumheller. He then completed his Ph.D. in 2007 under the supervision of Canadian paleontologist Robert Reisz at the University of Toronto in the Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology on development and phylogenetic relationships of lambeosaurine hadrosaurs (dissertation title: "Ontogeny and evolution of lambeosaurine dinosaurs (Ornithischia: Hadrosauridae)."). [5] Following the completion of his Ph.D., Evans was hired as a curator by the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto, Canada, where he currently serves as the Temerty Chair in Vertebrate Palaeontology. [6] He has been part of the faculty in the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at the University of Toronto since 2007 and currently holds the rank of Associate Professor. [7] He is also the owner of a male Shiba Inu named Doug.
David Evans' research focuses primarily on the evolution and paleobiology of Late Cretaceous dinosaurs, particularly in North American ecosystems. He has published extensively on various aspects of hadrosaurs, following his undergraduate and doctoral dissertations, including phylogenetics, [8] development, [9] [10] [11] biostratigraphy, [12] pathology, [13] and anatomy. [14] [15] [12] [16] [17] [18] [19] He has published more than 80 peer-reviewed articles and has several publications in leading scientific journals, including Biological Reviews, Current Biology, Methods in Ecology and Evolution, Nature Communications, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, and Science, and has contributed book chapters to several edited volumes. Evans' current research interests focus primarily on the vast majority of the well-known Late Cretaceous dinosaur clades found in western North America, and he maintains active fieldwork programs in Alberta and Montana. He has also conducted research on dinosaur material from Mongolia [20] [21] and tetrapod-bearing deposits in Sudan. [22] [23] [24] [25] Evans has also been involved with both fieldwork and research of the Early Jurassic sauropodomorph Massospondylus from South Africa [26] [27] [28] and has conducted research on pelycosaurian-grade Permian synapsids, [29] [30] [31] [32] Permian temnospondyls, [33] the iconic Pleistocene felid Smilodon , [34] [35] and choristoderes. [36] [37]
Evans has been a part of various teams that have named over a dozen new genera or species of dinosaurs. New ceratopsians named by Evans and colleagues include Xenoceratops foremostensis Ryan, Evans, & Shepherd, 2012; [38] Gryphoceratops morrisoni Ryan, Evans, Currie, Brown, & Brinkman, 2012; [39] Unescoceratops koppelhusi Ryan, Evans, Currie, Brown, & Brinkman, 2012; [39] Mercuriceratops gemini Ryan, Evans, Loewen, & Currie, 2014; [40] Wendiceratops pinhorensis Evans & Ryan, 2015; [41] Spiclypeus shipporum Mallon, Ott, Larson, Iuliano, & Evans, 2016; [42] Ferrisaurus sustutensis Arbour & Evans, 2019; [43] and Stellasaurus ancellae Wilson, Ryan & Evans, 2020. [44] Evans was also involved in the naming of the ornithopods Albertadromeus syntarsus Brown, Evans, Ryan, & Russell, 2013; [45] Plesiohadros djadokhtaensis Tsogtbaatar, Weishampel, Evans, & Watabe, 2014; [46] and Gobihadros mongoliensis Tsogtbaatar, Weishampel, Evans, & Watabe, 2019; [47] the pachycephalosaurians Acrotholus audeti Evans, Schott, Larson, Brown, & Ryan, 2013; [48] and Foraminacephale brevis Schott & Evans, 2016; [49] the dromaeosaurid Acheroraptor temertyorum Evans, Currie, & Larson, 2013; [50] the ankylosaurid Zuul crurivastator Arbour & Evans, 2017; the troodontid Albertavenator curriei Evans, Cullen, Larson, & Rego, 2017; [51] and Sinocephale bexelli Evans, Brown, You, & Campione, 2021. [52] Evans has also been involved with the naming of various new non-dinosaurian taxa, such as the Devonian onychodontiform fish Onychodus eriensis Mann, Rudkin, Evans, & Laflamme, 2017; [53] the Carboniferous parareptile Erpetonyx arsenaultorum Modesto, Scott, MacDougall, Sues, Evans, & Reisz, 2015; [54] the Cretaceous baenid turtle Neurankylus lithographicus Larson, Longrich, Evans, & Ryan, 2013; [55] and the Cretaceous dyrosaurid crocodilian Brachiosuchus kababishensis Salih, Evans, Bussert, Klein & Müller, 2021. [25]
As a professor at the University of Toronto, Evans supervises numerous graduate students in the Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology. Former M.Sc. students include Arjan Mann (National Museum of Natural History); Ryan Schott (National Museum of Natural History); Chris McGarrity (Field Museum); Collin Van Buren (Ohio State University); and Denise Maranga. Former Ph.D. students include Nicolas Campione (University of New England); Caleb Brown (Royal Tyrell Museum); Kirstin Brink (University of Manitoba); Thomas Cullen (Carleton University); Mateusz Wosik (Misericordia University), Kentaro Chiba (Okayama University of Science), and D. Cary Woodruff (Great Plains Dinosaur Museum). [2] Evans also serves on the editorial board of several academic journals, including FACETS [56] and Biology Letters, [57] and has previously served as an editor at PLOS ONE.
Evans has been featured in numerous documentaries, including the History Channel's 2015 documentary Dino Hunt Canada [58] and various episodes of Daily Planet and radio and TV interviews, as well as appeared in the TVOKids shows Now You Know, Canada Crew, Dino Dana & Dino Dan: Trek's Adventures. He has also appeared in Dino Dana: The Movie. On top of that, he has helped to develop several exhibits, including the traveling "Ultimate Dinosaurs" exhibit in 2012, [59] the permanent James and Louise Temerty Galleries of the Age of Dinosaurs at the Royal Ontario Museum (ROM), [60] and temporary exhibits at the ROM, including "Dinosaur Eggs & Babies: Remarkable Fossils from South Africa" (2014) [61] and "Zuul, Life of an Armoured Dinosaur" (2018-2019). [62] Evans has also served on numerous committees of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology and the Canadian Society of Vertebrate Paleontology.
A bone bed is any geological stratum or deposit that contains bones of whatever kind. Inevitably, such deposits are sedimentary in nature. Not a formal term, it tends to be used more to describe especially dense collections such as Lagerstätte. It is also applied to brecciated and stalagmitic deposits on the floor of caves, which frequently contain osseous remains.
Maiasaura is a large herbivorous saurolophine hadrosaurid ("duck-billed") dinosaur genus that lived in the area currently covered by the state of Montana and the province of Alberta, Canada, in the Upper Cretaceous Period, about 76.7 million years ago. Maiasaura peeblesorum is the state fossil of Montana.
Marginocephalia is a clade of ornithischian dinosaurs that is characterized by a bony shelf or margin at the back of the skull. These fringes were likely used for display. There are two clades included in Marginocephalia: the thick-skulled Pachycephalosauria and the horned Ceratopsia. All members of Marginocephalia were primarily herbivores. They basally used gastroliths to aid in digestion of tough plant matter until they convergently evolved tooth batteries in Neoceratopsia and Pachycephalosauria. Marginocephalia first evolved in the Jurassic Period and became more common in the Cretaceous. They are basally small facultative quadrupeds while derived members of the group are large obligate quadrupeds. Primitive marginocephalians are found in Asia, but the group migrated upwards into North America.
Pachycephalosauria is a clade of ornithischian dinosaurs. Along with Ceratopsia, it makes up the clade Marginocephalia. With the exception of two species, most pachycephalosaurs lived during the Late Cretaceous Period, dating between about 85.8 and 66 million years ago. They are exclusive to the Northern Hemisphere, all of them being found in North America and Asia. They were all bipedal, herbivorous/omnivorous animals with thick skulls. Skulls can be domed, flat, or wedge-shaped depending on the species, and are all heavily ossified. The domes were often surrounded by nodes and/or spikes. Partial skeletons have been found of several pachycephalosaur species, but to date no complete skeletons have been discovered. Often isolated skull fragments are the only bones that are found.
Pachycephalosaurus is a genus of pachycephalosaurid ornithischian dinosaur. The type species, P. wyomingensis, is the only known species, but some researchers argue that the genus Stygimoloch might be a second species, P. spinifer or a juvenile specimen of P. wyomingensis. It lived during the Maastrichtian age of the Late Cretaceous period in what is now western North America. Remains have been excavated in Montana, South Dakota, Wyoming, and Alberta. The species is known mainly from a single skull, plus a few extremely thick skull roofs. More complete fossils would come to be found in the following years.
Prenoceratops, is a genus of herbivorous ceratopsian dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Period. It was a relatively small dinosaur, reaching 1.3 m (4.3 ft) in length and 20 kg (44 lb) in body mass. Its fossils have been found in the upper Two Medicine Formation in the present-day U.S. state of Montana, in Campanian age rock layers that have been dated to 74.3 million years ago. Fossils were also found in the Oldman Formation in the modern day Canadian province of Alberta, dating to around 77 million years ago.
The Judith River Formation is a fossil-bearing geologic formation in Montana, and is part of the Judith River Group. It dates to the Late Cretaceous, between 79 and 75.3 million years ago, corresponding to the "Judithian" land vertebrate age. It was laid down during the same time period as portions of the Two Medicine Formation of Montana and the Oldman Formation of Alberta. It is an historically important formation, explored by early American paleontologists such as Edward Drinker Cope, who named several dinosaurs from scrappy remains found here on his 1876 expedition. Modern work has found nearly complete skeletons of the hadrosaurid Brachylophosaurus.
The Horseshoe Canyon Formation is a stratigraphic unit of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin in southwestern Alberta. It takes its name from Horseshoe Canyon, an area of badlands near Drumheller.
Lambeosaurini, previously known as Corythosaurini, is one of four tribes of hadrosaurid ornithopods from the family Lambeosaurinae. It is defined as all lambeosaurines closer to Lambeosaurus lambei than to Parasaurolophus walkeri, Tsintaosaurus spinorhinus, or Aralosaurus tuberiferus, which define the other three tribes. Members of this tribe possess a distinctive protruding cranial crest. Lambeosaurins walked the earth for a period of around 12 million years in the Late Cretaceous, though they were confined to regions of modern-day North America and Asia.
Lambeosaurinae is a group of crested hadrosaurid dinosaurs.
Centrosaurinae is a subfamily of ceratopsid, a group of large quadrupedal ornithischian dinosaur. Centrosaurine fossil remains are known primarily from the northern region of Laramidia but isolated taxa have been found in China and Utah as well.
The Prince Creek Formation is a geological formation in Alaska with strata dating to the Early Maastrichtian stage of the Late Cretaceous. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.
Acrotholus is an extinct genus of pachycephalosaur dinosaur that lived during the Santonian of the late Cretaceous, in the Milk River Formation of Canada. The type species, A. audeti, was named after Roy Audet allowing access to his ranch leading to the discovery of the species. The discovery of this specimen lead to several new revelations in the fossil records questioning the preservation of small-bodied organisms along with the evolution of early pachycephalosaurs. The iconic cranial dome found on Acrotholus makes it one of the earliest indisputable known members of the pachycephalosaur family.