Demographic features of the population of Tuvalu include the age structure, ethnicity, education level, life expectancy, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.
Demographic features of the population of Tuvalu include the age structure, ethnicity, education level, life expectancy, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.
The population of Tuvalu is predominately of Polynesian ethnicity with approximately 5.6% of the population being Micronesian. [1] Tuvaluans are ethnically related to the people of Samoa and Tonga. There is evidence for a dual genetic origin of Pacific Islanders in Asia and Melanesia, which results from an analysis of Y chromosome (NRY) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers. There is also evidence of Fiji playing a pivotal role in west-to-east expansion within Polynesia. [2] The pattern of settlement believed to have occurred is that the Polynesians spread out from the Samoan Islands into the Tuvaluan atolls, with Tuvalu providing a stepping stone to migration into the Polynesian Outlier communities in Melanesia and Micronesia. [3] [4] [5] [6]
The vast majority of Tuvaluans belong to the Church of Tuvalu, a Protestant denomination. Their ancestors were converted by Christian missionaries in the 19th century.
Infant mortality in Tuvalu was 25 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2012, with an under-five mortality rate of 30 deaths per 1,000 live births. There has been a consistent decline in the under-five mortality rate since 1990. [7]
School attendance at school is 10 years for males and 11 years for females (2001). [8] Adult literacy rate is 99.0% (2002). [9]
Life expectancy for women in Tuvalu is 68.41 years and 64.01 years for men (2015 est.). [8]
The population of Tuvalu is recorded by the Central Statistics Department (CSD) of Tuvalu in the census information: [11]
| 1979 Census | 1985 Census | 1991 Census | 2002 Census | 2012 Census | 2017 Census |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7,349 [12] | 8,229 [12] | 9,043 [12] | 9,359 [12] | 10,640 [12] | 10,507 [12] |
The net migration rate is estimated at -6.81 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.). [8] The threat of global warming in Tuvalu is not a dominant motivation for migration as Tuvaluans appear to prefer to continue living on the islands for reasons of lifestyle, culture and identity. [13]
The Census Monograph on Migration, Urbanization and Youth provides an analysis of the 2012 census and reported: [14]
| Age Group | Male | Female | Total | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 5 488 | 5 157 | 10 645 | 100 |
| 0–4 | 625 | 535 | 1 160 | 10.90 |
| 5–9 | 628 | 577 | 1 205 | 11.32 |
| 10–14 | 541 | 471 | 1 012 | 9.51 |
| 15–19 | 499 | 454 | 953 | 8.95 |
| 20–24 | 482 | 458 | 940 | 8.83 |
| 25–29 | 502 | 421 | 923 | 8.67 |
| 30–34 | 407 | 362 | 769 | 7.22 |
| 35–39 | 299 | 280 | 579 | 5.44 |
| 40–44 | 242 | 212 | 454 | 4.26 |
| 45–49 | 251 | 227 | 478 | 4.49 |
| 50–54 | 314 | 272 | 586 | 5.50 |
| 55–59 | 257 | 322 | 579 | 5.44 |
| 60–64 | 198 | 223 | 421 | 3.95 |
| 65-69 | 117 | 155 | 272 | 2.56 |
| 70-74 | 64 | 72 | 136 | 1.28 |
| 75-79 | 41 | 58 | 99 | 0.93 |
| 80-84 | 16 | 43 | 59 | 0.55 |
| 85+ | 5 | 15 | 20 | 0.19 |
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
| 0–14 | 1 794 | 1 583 | 3 377 | 31.72 |
| 15–64 | 3 451 | 3 231 | 6 682 | 62.77 |
| 65+ | 243 | 343 | 586 | 5.50 |
The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, [8] unless otherwise indicated.
Births and deaths [17]
| Year | Population [18] | Live births | Deaths | Natural increase | Crude birth rate | Crude death rate | Rate of natural increase | TFR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2018 | 10,574 | 257 | 86 | 171 | 24.3 | 8.1 | 16.2 | 3.449 |
| 2019 | 10,273 | 251 | 140 | 111 | 24.4 | 13.6 | 10.8 | 3.420 |
| 2020 | 10,204 | 309 | 136 | 173 | 30.3 | 13.3 | 17.0 | 4.204 |
| 2021 [19] | 10,280 | 276 | 112 | 164 | 26.8 | 10.9 | 16.0 | 3.867 |
| 2022 | 10,597 | 267 | 80 | 187 | 25.2 | 7.5 | 17.6 | |
| 2023 | 10,099 | 232 | 127 | 105 | 23.0 | 12.6 | 10.4 | 3.302 |
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Tuvalu is an island country in the Polynesian subregion of Oceania in the Pacific Ocean, about midway between Hawaii and Australia. It lies east-northeast of the Santa Cruz Islands, northeast of Vanuatu, southeast of Nauru, south of Kiribati, west of Tokelau, northwest of Samoa and Wallis and Futuna, and north of Fiji.
Demographic features of the population of Wallis and Futuna include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects.
The demographic characteristics of the population of Fiji are known through censuses, usually conducted in ten-year intervals, and has been analysed by statistical bureaus since the 1880s. The Fijian Bureau of Statistics (FBOS) has performed this task since 1996, the first enumerated Fiji census when an independent country. The 2017 census found that the permanent population of Fiji was 884,887, compared to 837,271 in the 2007 census. The population density at the time in 2007 was 45.8 inhabitants per square kilometre, and the overall life expectancy in Fiji was 67 years. Since the 1930s the population of Fiji has increased at a rate of 1.1% per year. Since the 1950s, Fiji's birth rate has continuously exceeded its death rate. The population is dominated by the 15–64 age segment. The median age of the population was 27.9, and the gender ratio of the total population was 1.03 males per 1 female.
The first inhabitants of Tuvalu were Polynesians, so the origins of the people of Tuvalu can be traced to the spread of humans out of Southeast Asia, from Taiwan, via Melanesia and across the Pacific islands of Polynesia.
Tuvaluan, often called Tuvalu, is a Polynesian language closely related to the Ellicean group spoken in Tuvalu. It is more or less distantly related to all other Polynesian languages, such as Hawaiian, Māori, Tahitian, Samoan, Tokelauan and Tongan, and most closely related to the languages spoken on the Polynesian Outliers in Micronesia and Northern and Central Melanesia. Tuvaluan has borrowed considerably from Samoan, the language of Christian missionaries in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Vaitupu is the largest atoll of the nation of Tuvalu. It is located at 7.48 degrees south and 178.83 degrees east. There are 1,061 people living on 5.6 square kilometres with the main village being Asau.
Nanumea is the northwesternmost atoll in the Polynesian nation of Tuvalu, a group of nine coral atolls and islands spread over about 400 miles (640 km) of the Pacific Ocean just south of the equator and west of the International Date Line. Nanumea is 4 km2 (1.5 sq mi) with a population of 512 people.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Tuvalu:
Women in Tuvalu continue to maintain a traditional Polynesian culture within a predominantly Christian society. Tuvaluan cultural identity is sustained through an individual's connection to their home island. In the traditional community system in Tuvalu, each family has its own task, or salanga, to perform for the community. The skills of a family are passed on from parents to children. The women of Tuvalu participate in the traditional music of Tuvalu and in the creation of the art of Tuvalu including using cowrie and other shells in traditional handicrafts. There are opportunities of further education and paid employment with non-government organisations (NGOs) and government enterprises, education and health agencies being the primary opportunities for Tuvaluan women.
This timeline of the history of Tuvalu chronologically lists important events occurring within the present political boundaries of the Pacific island state of Tuvalu. This time line is introduced by the theories as to the origins of the Polynesian people and the migration across the Pacific Ocean to create Polynesia, which includes the islands of Tuvalu.
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